









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Class _£^_IL 
Book _, IL4 



































































































SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 

Bulletin 125 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY 
and Quaternary bryozoa 


FERDINAND CANU 

Versailles, France 
AND 

RAY S. BASSLER 

Washington, District of Columbia 








21 ) ' 



c 4 =) 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1923 


Creeled 





SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 

Bulletin 125 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY 
AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA 


FERDINAND CANU 

ii 

Versailles, France 
AND 

RAY S. BASSLER 

Washington, District of Columbia 






WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 





ADVERTISEMENT. 


The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of 
two series, the Proceedings, and the Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended 
primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers 
based on the collections of the National Museum, presenting newly-acquired facts 
in zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forms of ani¬ 
mals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually 
and distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of 
copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and others 
interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is 
printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contents 
of the volumes. 

The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate 
publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other 
general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports 
of expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The 
majority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few 
instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. 

Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical 
collections of the Museum, and known as the Contributions from the National Her¬ 
barium, has been published as bulletins. 

The present work forms No. 125 of the Bulletin series. 

William deC. Ravenel, 
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, 

In charge of the United States National Museum. 

Washington, D. C., May 14, 1923. 
n 


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

RECEIVED 


A'JS i 4 ISL3 

1 documents division I 




& G K 


t 

E: 

) 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

\ _ 

• Page. 

Introduction. 1 

Catalogue of papers of American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 2 

Lists of North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoan faunas. 4 

Systematic descriptions...'.... 15 

Order Ctenostomata Busk..._. 15 

Family Terebriporidae Busk, 1839. 15 

Genus Terebripora D’Orbigny, 1839. 15 

Genus Spathipora Fischer, 18Q6.•_. 16 

Order Cheilostomata Busk. 17 

Suborder Anasca Levinsen. 17 

Division I. Malacostega Levinsen. 17 

Family Electrinidae D’Orbigny, 1851. 17 

Genus Electra I.amouroux, 1816. 17 

Genus Pyripora D’Orbigny, 1852. 19 

Genus Mystriopora Lang, 1915. 19 

Genus Membranipora Blainville, 1834. 20 

Group Membraniporae Canu and Bassler, 1917. 24 

Section I. No ovicell. 24 

Genus Membraniporina Levinsen, 1909. 24 

Genus Conopeum Norman, 1903. 26 

Genus Cupuladria Canu and Bassler, 1919. 28 

Genus Acanthodesia Canu and Bassler, 1919. 30 

Section II. Membraniporae with endozooecial ovicell. 35 

Genus Vibracellina Canu and Bassler, 1917. 35 

Genus Membrendoecium Canu and Bassler, 1917. 36 

Genus Ogivalina Canu and Bassler, 1917. 37 

Genus Hincksina Norman, 1903. 38 

Section III. Ovicell hyperstomial, always closed by the operculum. 39 

Genus Membraniporidra Canu and Bassler, 1917. 39 

Section IV. Ovicell never closed by the operculum. 39 

Genus Alderina Norman, 1903..•. 39 

Genus Callopora, Gray, 1848... 40 

Genus Amphiblestrum Gray, 1848. 44 

Genus Ramphonotus Norman, 1894,. 46 

Genus Cauloramphus Norman, 1903... 48 

Family Aeteidae Smitt, 1867. 49 

Genus Aetea Lamouroux, 1812.. 49 

Family Chaperiidae Jullien, 1888. 49 

Genus Chaperia Jullien, 1881... 49 

Family Farciminariidae Busk, 1852..... 55 

Genus Nellia Busk, 1852... 55 

Family Opesiulidae Jullien, 1888. 56 

Genus Floridina Jullien, 1881. 56 

Genus Velumella Canu and Bassler, 1917. 58 

Genus Micropora Gray, 1848. 58 

Genus Selenaria Busk, 1854. 59 

hi 



















































IV 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Systematic descriptions—Continued. 

Order Cheilostomata Busk—Continued. Page. 

Family Thalamoporellidae Levinsen, 1909. 60 

Genus Manzonella Jullien, 1888. 60 

Genus Woodipora Jullien, 1888.• 61 

Genus Thalamoporella Hincks, 1887. 61 

Family Steganoporellidae Levinsen, 1909. 62 

Genus Steganoporella Smitt, 1873. 62 

Family Aspidostomidae Canu, 1908. 64 

Genus Odontionella Canu and Bassler, 1917. 64 

Genus Foraminella Levinsen, 1909. 66 

Genus Labiopora Levinsen, 1909 . 67 

Family*Calpensiidae, new family. 67 

Genus Diplodidymia Reuss, 1869. 67 

Genus Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1909... 69 

Genus Cupularia Lamouroux, 1821. 75 

Genus Calpensia Jullien, 1888... 82 

Genus V erminaria Jullien, 1888. 83 

Genus Microporina Levinsen, 1909. 83 

Genus Corynostylus Canu and Bassler, 1919. 84 

Family Cellariidae Hincks, 1880... 85 

Genus Cellaria Authors. 85 

Genus Erina Canu, 1908. 87 

Genus Melicerita Milne-Edwards, 1836 . 87 

Genus Euginoma Jullien, 1882. 87 

The Costulae (Family Cribrilinidae Hincks, 1880)... 87 

Genus Cribrilina Gray, 1848... 87 

Genus Puellina Jullien, 1886. 89 

Genus Metracolposa Canu and Bassler, 1917... 92 

Family Hippothoidae Levinsen, 1909. 92 

Genus Hippothoa (Lamouroux 1821) Hincks, 1880.. 92 

Genus Trypostega Levinsen, 1909. 95 

Family Escharellidae Levinsen, 1909... 95 

Group 1. Schizoporellae Canu and Bassler, 1917. 95 

Genus Schizoporella Hincks, 1880.... 95 

Genus Arthropoma Levinsen, 1909.,. 97 

Genus Dakaria Jullien, 1903. 97 

Genus Lacerna Jullien, 1888. 99 

Genus Stephanosella Canu and Bassler, 1917. 99 

Genus Stylopoma Levinsen, 1909... 101 

Genus Schizopodrella Canu and Bassler, 1917.. 104 

Genus Schizolavella Canu and Bassler, 1920. 108. 

Genus Schizomavella Canu and Bassler, 1920. 109 

Genus Gemelliporella Canu and Bassler, 1920. 110 

Group 2. Microporellae Canu and Bassler, 1917. 113 

Genus Fenestrulina Jullien, 1888. 113 

Genus Microporella Hincks, 1877. 117 

Genus Diporula Hincks, 1879....,. 126 

Genus Ellipsopora, new subgenus. 127 

Genus Flustramorpha Gray, 1848. 128 

Genus Calloporina Neviani, 1895. 128 

Genus Inversiula Jullien, 1888. 129 

Group 3. Hippoporae Canu and Bassler, 1917. 129 

Genus Hippoporina Neviani, 1895... 129 

Genus Hippodiplosia Canu, 1916. 131 

Genus Hippomenella Canu and Bassler, 1917... 132 

Genus Hippoporella Canu and Bassler, 1920. 132 

Genus Lepralia Johnston, 1847. 133 


























































TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


V 


Systematic descriptions—Continued. 

Order Cheilostomata Busk—Continued. 

Family Eecharellidae Levinsen, 1909—Continued. Page. 

Group 4. Peristomellae Canu and Bassler, 1917. 134 

Genus Trypematella Canu and Bassler, 1920. 134 

Group 5. Divers genera. 135 

Genus Cyclocolposa Canu and Bassler, 1920... 135 

Genus Cycloperiella Canu and Bassler, 1920... 137 

Genus’Cyclicopora Hincks, 1884. 138 

Genus Aimulosia Jullien, 1888.i. 139 

Family Eurystomellidae Levinsen, 1909. 141 

Genus Eurystomella Levinsen, 1909. 142 

Family Stomaclietosellidae Canu and Bassler, 1917.. 142 

Genus Leiosella Canu and Bassler, 1917. 142 

Family Smittinidae Levinsen, 1909. 143 

Genus Smittina Norman, 1903. 143 

Genus Porella Gray, 1848. 147 

Genus Palmicellaria Alder, 1864 .. 149 

Genus Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886. 151 

Genus Cystisella Canu and Bassler, 1917. 152 

Family Reteporidae Smitt, 1867.. 152 

Genus Retepora Imperato, 1599. 152 

Genus Phidolopora Gabb and Horn, 1862. 154 

Genus Rhynchozoon Hincks, 1891. 155 

Family Adeonidae Jullien, 1903. 158 

Genus Adeona (Lamouroux, 1816) Levinsen, 1909. 158 

Genus Bracebridgia MacGillivray, 1886... 160 

Genus Laminopora Michelin, 1842. 160 

Genus Adeonellopsis MacGillivray, 1886. 161 

Genus Anarthropora Smitt, 1867. 162 

Family Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909. 162 

Genus Metrarabdotos Canu, 1914..... 162 

Genus Hippaliosina Canu, 1918. 165 

Genus Tremogasterina Canu, 1911. 167 

Genus Cheiloporina, new genus..... 168 

Family Tubucellariidae Busk, 1884. 170 

Genus Tubucellaria D’Orbigny, 1852. 170 

Family Phylactellidae Canu and Bassler, 1917. 170 

Genus Phylactella Hincks, 1880. 170 

Genus Lagenipora Hincks, 1877. 171 

Genus Mastigophora Hincks, 1880. 172 

Genus Temachia Jullien, 1882. 173 

Genus Crepidacantha Levinsen, 1909.:. 173 

Family Celleporidae Busk, 1852. 174 

Genus Holoporella Waters, 1909. 174 

Genus Schismopora MacGillivray, 1888. 180 

Genus Costazzia Neviani, 1895. 181 

Genus Tegminula Jullien, 1882. 181 

Genus Cellepora Linnaeus, 1767. 182 

Family Myriozoidae Smitt, 1868. 185 

Genus Myriozoum Donati, 1750. 186 

Genus Myriozoella Levinsen, 1909. 186 

Family Orbituliporidae, new family. 186 

Genus Batopora Reuss, 1867... 187 

Genus Orbitulipora Stoliczka, 1861. 187 























































VI 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Systematic descriptions—Continued. 

Order Cheilostomata Busk—Continued. 

Family Orbituliporidae, new family—Continued. Page. 

Genus Stichoporina Stoliczka, 1861. 189 

Genus Sphaerophora Haswell, 1881. 190 

Genus Schizorthosecos Canu and Bassler, 1917. 190 

Genus Fedora Jullien, 1882. 190 

Genus Mamillopora Smitt, 1873. 191 

Order Cyclostomata Busk. 193 

Family Heteroporidae Pergens and Meunier, 1886. 193 

Genus Ceriopora Goldfuss, 1827. 193 

Family Diastoporidae Gregory, 1899. 193 

Genus Proboscina Audouin, 1826. 193 

Genus Berenicea Lamouroux, 1821. 194 

Genus Atelesopora, new genus. 194 

Family Mecynoeciidae Canu, 1918. 195 

Genus Entalophora Lamouroux, 1821... 195 

Family Oncousoeciidae Canu, 1918... 195 

Genus Filisparsa D’Orbigny, 1853. 195 

Family Crisiidae Johnston, 1847. 196 

Genus Crisia Lamouroux, 1816... 196 

Family Tubuliporidae Johnston, 1838.... 197 

Genus Tubulipora Lamarck, 1816. 197 

Genus Idmonea Lamouroux, 1821. 198 

Genus Crisina D ’Orbigny, 1852. 200 

Family Theonoidae Busk, 1859. 201 

Genus Theonoa Lamouroux, 1821. 201 

Family Diaperoeciidae Canu, 1918. 201 

Genus Stathmepora Canu and Bassler, 1922. 201 

Genus Diaperoecia Canu, 1918. 202 

Family Lichenoporidae Smitt, 1866. 203 

Genus Lichenopora Defrance, 1823. 203 

Family Tretocycloeciidae Canu, 1918. 206 

Genus Tretocycloecia Canu, 1918. 206 

Genus Psilosolen Canu and Bassler, 1922. 207 

Bibliography of literature on Bryozoa since 1899. 209 

Appendix. 244 

Explanation of plates. 245 

Index.. 293 






































LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . 1 


Text Figures. 

. 1 Pago 

Fig. 1. Genera of the family Electrinidae D’Orbigny, 1851. 18 

2. Genus Acanthodesia Canu and Bassler, 1919. 30 

3. Genus Chaperia Jullien, 1881. 50 

4. Genus Chaperia (Waters, 1898) Levinsen, 1909. 51 

5. Genus Selenaria Busk, 1854. 60 

6. Genera of the family Thalamoporellidae Levinsen, 1909. 61 

7. Genera of the family Steganoporellidae Levinsen, 1909. 63 

8. Genera of the family Aspidostomidae Canu, 1908. 65 

9. Genus Odontionella Canu and Bassler, 1917. 66 

10. Genera of the family Calpensiidae, new family. 68 

11. Genus Diplodidymia Reuss, 1869. 69 

12. Genus Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1909. 72 

13. Genus Cupularia Lamouroux, 1921. 76 

14. Genera of the family Cellariidae Hincks, 1880. 85 

15. Genus Stylopoma Levinsen, 1909. 101 

16. Genus Schizolavella Canu and Bassler, 1920. 109 

17. Genera of the Microporellae. 112 

18. Anatomy of the Microporellae. 114 

19. Genus Fenestrulina Jullien, 1888. 116 

20. Genus Microporella Hincks, 1877. 118 

21. Subgenus Diporula Hincks, 1879. 125 

22. Subgenus Ellipsopora, new. 127 

23. Subgenus Flustramorpha Gray, 1848. 127 

24. Genus Calloporina Neviani, 1895. 128 

25. Genus Inversiula Jullien, 1888. 129 

26. Genus Eurystomella Levinsen, 1909. 141 

27. Genera of the family Reteporidae Smitt, 1867.,. 153 

28. Genus Laminopora Michelin, 1842. 161 

29. Genera of the Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909. 163 

30. Genus Hippaliosina Canu, 1918. 166 

31. Genus Cheiloporina, new genus. 169 

32. Genus Temachia Jullien, 1882. 173 

33. Genus Crepidacantha Levinsen, 1909. 174 

34. Genus Myriozoum Donati, 1750. 184 

35. Genus Myriozoella Levinsen, 1909. 185 

36. Genus Batopora Reuss, 1867. 188 

37. Genus Orbitulipora Stoliczka, 1861. 189 

38. Genus Stichoporina Stoliczka, 1861. 190 


> The 47 plates of this volume, with their accompanying explanations, begin on page 245. 





















































































, ; 









' 




























NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY 

BRYOZOA. 


By Ferdinand Canu, 

Of Versailles, France, 

AND 

Ray S. Bassler, 

Of Washington, District of Columbia. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The present volume contains the results of researches upon the Post-Oligocene 
fossil bryozoa of North America and forms the concluding part of our studies upon 
the Tertiary and Quaternary faunas, those of the Eocene and Oligocene epochs 
having been published in 1920 under the title of North American Early Tertiary 
Bryozoa. 1 The present work, like the companion volume on the Early Tertiary 
faunas, was undertaken under the joint auspices of the United States Geologica 
Survey and the United States National Museum. Almost without exception all 
the type specimens described and illustrated in the present volume are contained 
in the paleontological collections of the United States National Museum. 

The authors are deeply indebted to Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution, and Mr. W. deC. Ravenel, Administrative Assistant in 
charge United States National Museum, who have arranged for the publication 
of the work and have extended various courtesies to us during its preparation. 
Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, of the United States Geological Survey, has likewise 
spared no effort in assisting us to bring the work to a successful conclusion and 
we are greatly indebted to him, as well as to other members of the Federal Survey, 
particularly Mr. Wendell C. Mansfield, Mr. R. D. Mesler, and Mr. I. B. Milner. 

We are under many obligations to Mr. F. Julius Fohs, chief geologist of the 
Humphreys Mexia Oil Company at Mexia, Texas, who has very generously as¬ 
sisted us financially in the preparation and illustration of the volume, and who 
has thus shown his appreciation of the value of the bryozoa in stratigraphic and 
economic work. 

Through several grants from the Marsh Fund of the National Academy of 
Sciences and from the American Association for the Advancement of Science we 
have been able to carry on supplementary studies of other fossil and recent 
brvozoan faunas which were quite necessary in the preparation of this volume. 
For this assistance we are highly grateful, as we have thus been enabled to pursue 
our researches on a larger scale and to secure more definite and lasting results. 

i Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, 2 vols., 879 pp., 162 pis. 


1 






2 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Our hearty thanks are due to Dr. F. C. Clark, of Los Angeles, California, and 
Dr. Ralph Arnold, of Pasadena, California, who have supplied us with practically 
all of the faunas described from the Pleistocene of California. 

The methods of study of the bryozoa and various other subjects relating to 
them in general have been described in our Early Tertiary volume, to which the 
reader is referred. We have, however, added to the present volume a bibliography 
of bryozoan literature published since 1899, the list of literature up to this date 
being contained in the work by Nickles and Bassler of 1900. 2 

Although the present work deals primarily with North American Post-Oligocene 
fossil Bryozoa, the descriptions of a few small faunas from the Oligocene rocks 
of the West Indies and of several miscellaneous Eocene species are added for 
various reasons. 

CATALOGUE OF PAPERS OF AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY 

BRYOZOA. 

[A few papers by Canu, Ulrich, and Bassler, published since 1900, are not listed here because their contents are reproduced in 

the present work.] 

1841. 

Conrad, T. A. Observations on the Secondary and Tertiary formations of the southern Atlantic 
States, by James T. Hodge. With an appendix by T. A. Conrad. (Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 1, 
vol. 41, 1841, pp. 344-348.) 

The bryozoa in the paper are: 

Lunulites denticulate, p. 348. 

Lunulites depressa, p. 348. 

1845. 

Lonsdale, William. Report on the Corals from the Tertiary formations of North America. (Quart. 
Joum. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 1, 1845, pp. 495-509.) 

He ter op oral tortilis, new species, p. 500. Miocene: Williamsburg, Petersburg. 

Escharina tumidula, new species, p. 502. Miocene: Petersburg. 

Lunulites denticulate Conrad, p. 503. Miocene: Petersburg. 

Cellepora informate, new species, p. 505. Miocene: Petersburg, Virginia. 

Cellepora umbilicata, new species, p. 507. Miocene: Petersburg. 

Cellepora quadrangularis, new species, p. 508. Miocene: Williamsburg, Evergreen. 

Cellepora similis, new species, p. 509. Miocene: Williamsburg. 

1855. 

Conrad, T. A. Note on the Miocene and Post-Pliocene deposits of California, with descriptions of 
two new fossil corals. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 7, 1855, p. 441.) 

Idmonea californica, p. 441. Miocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Lichenopora californica, p. 441. Miocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

1857. 

Tuomey, M., and Holmes, F. S. Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina. Charleston, 1857, xvi-f 
152 pp., 30 pis. 

The bryozoa are: 

Lunulites denticulate Conrad, p. 11, pi. 4, figs. 1-5. Darlington district, South Carolina. 

Cellepora tessellata, new species, p. 13, pi. 4, fig. 7. Giles Bluff, Peedee River. 

Cellepora radiate, new species, p. 13, pi. 4, fig. 8. Smith’s, Goose Creek. 

Cellepora depressa, new species, p. 14, pi. 4, fig. 9. Smith’s, Goose Creek. 

Membranipora ladnia, new species, p. 14, pi. 4, fig. 10. Smith’s, Goose Creek. 

s A Synopsis of American Fossil Bryozoa, including Bibliography and Synonymy. Bull. No. 173, United States Geo¬ 
logical Survey. 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


3 


Reptocelleporaria informata (Lonsdale), p. 15, pi. 4, figs. 11, 12. Darlington district. 

Reptocelleporaria similis (Lonsdale), p. 16, pi. 4, figs. 13, 14. Darlington district, South Carolina; 
Petersburg, Virginia. 

Heteropora tortilis Lonsdale, p. 16, pi. 4, figs. 15, 16. Smith’s, Goose Creek. 

1858. 

Emmons, Ebenezer. Report of the North Carolina Geological Survey. Raleigh, 1858. Paleontology, 
pp. 193-314. 

Lunulites denticulata, p. 311, figs. 248, 249. Miocene: Beds on Neuse and Cape Fear rivers. 
Lunulites oblongus, new species, p. 312, figs. 252, 253. Locality not given. 

Discoporella umbellata, .p. 312, figs. 254, 255. Locality not given. 

1860. 

Holmes, Francis S. Postpliocene fossils of South Carolina. Charleston, 1860. xii+v+122 pp., 
28 pis. 

The bryozoa described are: 

Reptocelleporaria informata (Lonsdale), p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 5. Charleston, South Carolina. 

Lunulites denticulata Conrad, p. 6, pi. 2, figs. 4-45. Simmons’; Abbapoola; St. Andrew’s. 

1862. 

Gabb, William M., and Horn, George H. Monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary and 
Tertiary formations of North America. (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5,1862, 
pp. 111-178, pis. 19-21.) 

Eschara?fragilissima, new species, p. 118, pi. 19, 3. Miocene: St. Mary’s River, Maryland. 

Lunulites oblonga Emmons, p. 121. Miocene(?): North Carolina. 

Cellepora tumidula D’Orbigny, p. 127. Miocene: Petersburg, Virginia. 

Cellepora formosa Tuomey and Holmes, p. 129. Miocene (TPliocene): Darlington district, South 
Carolina. 

Cellepora tessellata Tuomey and Holmes, p. 129. Miocene (?Pliocene): Giles Bluff, Peedee River, 
South Carolina. 

Cellepora radiata Tuomey and Holmes, p. 129. Miocene (?Pliocene): Goose Creek, South Carolina. 
Cellopora depressa Tuomey and Holmes, p. 129. Miocene (?Pliocene): Goose Creek, South Carolina. 
Cellepora calif or niensis, new species, p. 130, pi. 19, fig. 12. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Cellepora bellerophon, new species, p. 130, pi. 19, fig. 13. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Reptocelleporaria informata D’Orbigny, p. 132. Miocene: Petersburg, Virginia; and South Carolina. 
Reptocelleporaria quadrangularis D’Orbigny, p. 132. Locality not given. 

Reptocelleporaria similis D’Orbigny, p. 133. Miocene (?Pliocene): Virginia and South Carolina. 
Reptescharella hermannii, new species, p. 137, pi. 19, fig. 20. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Reptescliarella plana, new species, p. 137, pi. 19, fig. 19. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Phidolopora labiata, new species, p. 138, pi. 19, fig. 21. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Ennallipora quadrangularis, new species, p. 141, pi. 20, fig. 24. Miocene: Petersburg, Virginia. 
Discoporella denticulata (Conrad), p. 142, pi. 20, fig. 25. Miocene: Generally distributed from New 
Jersey to South Carolina. 

Reptoporina eustomata, new species, p. 144, pi. 20, fig. 26. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Multiporina umbilicata (Lonsdale), p. 145, pi. 20, fig. 27. Miocene: Petersburg, Virginia. 
Reptescharellina disparilis, new species, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 29. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Reptescharellina? hermannii, new species, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 30. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, 
California. 

Reptescharellina comuta, new species, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 31. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Siphonella multipora, new species, p. 154, pi. 20, fig. 38. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Membranipora sexpunctata, new species, p. 159, pi. 20, fig. 44. Miocene or Eocene: Locality unknown. 
Membranipora speciosa (Gabb and Horn), p. 159, pi. 20, fig. 45. Miocene(?): Chiriqui, Central 
America. 


4 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Membranipora californica, new species, p. 160, pi. 20, fig. 46. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Membranipora barbarensis, new species, p. 160, pi. 20, fig. 47. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, Cali¬ 
fornia. 

Reptoflustrella tubulata, new species, p. 162, pi. 20, fig. 51. With Membranipora sexpundata. Locality 
unknown, probably from the Virginia Miocene. 

Pyriflustrella tuberculum D’Orbigny, p. 163. Locality' not given. 

Idmonea californica Conrad, p. 168, pi. 21, fig. 56. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Semitubigera tuba, new species, p. 169, pi. 21, fig. 57. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Entalophora punctulata, new species, p. 171, pi. 21, fig. 61. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Crisina serrata, new species, p. 174, pi. 21, fig. 66. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Lichenopora californica Conrad, p. 176, pi. 21, fig. 68. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California. 
Multicrescis tortilis (Lonsdale), p. 178. Miocene: Virginia and South Carolina. 

LISTS OF NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOAN 

FAUNAS. 

[c.= common; v. c.= very common; r.=*rare; v. r.—very rare.] 

OLIGOCENE. 

Oligocene (Antigua formation): Rifle butts, Antigua, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6854)— 

Floridina fusifera Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.) 

Floridina pyripora Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

Hippoporina lata Smitt, 1862. (r.) 

Porella bella Busk, 1860. (r.) 

Puellina radiata carolinensis Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 

Oligocene (Antigua formation): Carlisle marl pit, Antigua, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6873)— 

Calpensia impressa Moll, 1803. (r.) 

Oligocene (Anguilla formation): Southwest side of Crocus Bay and vicinity, Anguilla, Leeward Islands— 
Callopora dumerilli Savigny-Audouin 1826. (r.) 

Floridina pyripora Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

Eoloporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (r.) 

Ogivalina mutabilis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

Puellina radiata carolinensis Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 

Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1842. (r.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (r.) 

Oligocene (Emperador limestone): one-third mile north of west of Empire, Panama Canal Zone (loc. 
No. 6016)— 

Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (r.) 

Ogivalina mutabilis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

LOWER MIOCENE FAUNAS. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Cana, Santo Domingo— 

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (r.) 

Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Metrarabdotos colligatum Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Thalamoporella biperforata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Gurabo, Santo Domingo— 

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (c.) 

Cupuladria umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.) 

Labiopora miocenica Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Thalamoporella biperforata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.'t 
Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen. 1909. (r.) 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


5 


Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo— 

Cupuladria biporosa. new species, (r.) 

Laminopora miocenica, new species, (v. r.) 

Palmicellaria c/r. inermis Jullien. (r.) 

Rhynchozoon curtum, new species, (v. r.) 

Stylopoma magniporosa, new species, (r.) 

Tremogasterina truncatorostris, new species, (v. r.) 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo— 
Acanthodesia savarti forma monilifera Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 
Adeona porosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

Aimulosia brevis, new species, (r.) 

Corynostylus ellipticus Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

Corynostylus labiatus Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (r.) 

Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.) 

Diaperoecia milneana D’Orbigny, 1839. (r.) 

Hemiseptella lata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.) 

Hippomenella infratelum Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.) 
Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Merribranipora vaughani Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.) 
Metrarabdotos colligatum Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Nellia oculata Busk, 1852. (v. c.) 

Rhynchozoon vaughani Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.) 
Schizopodrella (?) mutabilis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

Smittina (?) brevis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

Steganoporella parvicella Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 
Thalamoporella biperforata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica— 

Acanthodesia savarti forma texturata Reuss, 1847. (v. c.) 

Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847. (r.) 

Aimulosia brevis, new species, (c.) 

Bracebridgia deformis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

Callopora dumerillii Savigny-Audouin, 1826. (r.) 

Conopeum lacroixii Busk, 1872. (r.) 

Conopeum ovale, new species, (v. r.) 

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (r.) 

Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.) 

Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (v. r.) 

Gemelliporella punctata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.) 

. Hemiseptella grandicella, new species, (r.) 

Hippodiplosia baccata Canu and Bassler, 1920. (r.) 

Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (v. c.) 

Holoporella hemisphenca, new species, (r.) 

Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Mastigophora granulosa, new species, (v. r.) 

Membranipora osbumi, new species, (r.) 

Membranipora tenella Hincks, 1880. (r.) 

Membrendoecium parvicapitatum, new species, (r.) 

Metrarabdotos lacrymosum Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.'i 

Rhamphostomella granulosa, new species, (v. r. 

Rhamphostomella laticella Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.) 
Rhynchozoon verruculatum Smitt, 1872. (r.) 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.) 

Smittina ophidiana Waters, 1878. (v. r.) 

Steganoporella parvicella Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 






6 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica—Continued. 
Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1841. (r.) 

Stylopoma minuta, new species, (r.) 

Terebripora elongata, new species, (r.) 

Terebripora sinefilum, new species, (r.) 

Thalamoporella biperforata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Lower Miocene (Gatun formation): Banana River, Costa Rica—■ 
Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (r.) 

Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.) 

Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 

Lower Miocene (Chipola marl): Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida— 
Adeonellopsis coccinella, new species, (r.) 

Callopora dumerilii Savigny-Audouin, 1826. (r.) 

Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.) 

Leiosella edax, new species, (r.) 

MIOCENE OF MARYLAND. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Cordova, Maryland— 

Acanthodesia savarti forma bifoliata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (c.) 

Microporella bifoliata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Governor Run, Maryland— 

Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.) 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Greensboro, Maryland— 

Holoporella massalis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Pawpaw Point, Maryland— 

Conopeumf nitidulum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Dover Bridge, Maryland— 

Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Conopeum germanum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Retepora doverensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (c.) 

Schizopodrella doverensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland— 

Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Acanthodesia savarti forma bifoliata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (c.) 
Chaperia caminosa Ulrich and Bassler. (r.) 

Crisina striatopora Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (r.) 

Retepora doverensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (c.) 

Schizoporella cumulata Ulrich and Bassler. (r.) 

Schizoporella latisinuata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Miocene (Calvert formation): Reed’s, Maryland— 

Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (c.) 

Cellepora cribrosa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Conopeum lacroixii Busk, 1852. (r.) 

Cyclicopora mansfieldi, new species, (v. r.) 

Membranipora fossulifera Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Ogivalina parvula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Porella convoluta Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Porella punctata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Miocene (Calvert formation): Plum Point, Maryland— 

Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (c.) 

Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (c.) 

Holoporella massalis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


Miocene (Calvert formation): 1 mile south of Parkers Creek, Calvert County, Maryland— 

Callopora parvirostris, new species, (v. r.) 

Cribrilina ligulata, new species, (v. r.) 

Miocene (Calvert formation): Chesapeake Beach, Maryland— 

Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (c.) 

Holoporella massalis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): St. Mary’s River, Maryland— 

Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (r.) 

Hemiseptella fistula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Holoporella massalis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Lepralia montifera Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Theonoa glomerata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland— 

Amphiblestrum constrictum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Conopeum germanum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Cribrilina punctata Hassall, 1841. (r.) 

Idmonea expansa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Membranipora tuberimargo, new species, (v. r.) 

Microporella dliata Linnaeus, 1759. (r.) 

Porella reversa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Ramphonotus agellus Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Schizoporella cumulate Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

MIOCENE OF VIRGINIA. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Bowlers wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia 
Acanthodesia savartii forma- typica. (r.) 

Conopeum lacroixii Busk, 1852. (r.) 

Membraniporina baccata, new species, (r.) 

Ramphonotus agellus Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.) 

Spathipora longicauda, new species, (v. r.) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia— 

Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Dakaria grandis, new species, (r.) 

Floridina regularis, new species, (r.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.) 

Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (c.) 

Hippoporella spinosa, new species, (r.) 

Holoporella (?) echinata, new species, (v. r.) 

Membranipora flabellata Canu, 1906. (r.) 

Microporella fissurifera, new species, (v. r.) 

Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.) 

Terebripora parvicella, new species, (r.) 

Tretocycloecia tortilis Lonsdale, 1845. (c.) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile northeast and 1 mile west of Suffolk, Virginia— 

Acanthodesia savarti forma typica. (r.) 

Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.) 

Ceriopora virginiana , new species, (v. r.) 

Cycloperiella rubra, new species. 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.) 

Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (c.) 

Membranipora flabellata Canu, 1906. (r.) 

Microporella fissurifera, new species, (r.) 

Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.) 


V 


8 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Upper Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia— 

Acanthodesia rectangularia, new species, (v. r.) 

Adeona heckeli Reuss. (c) 

Amphiblestrum constrictum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.) 

Berenicea flabellum? Reuss, 1847. (r.) 

Callopora lanceolata, new species, (v. r.) 

Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (c.) 

Dakaria torquata D’Orbigny, 1839. (v. r.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.) 

Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (c.) 

Hippodiplosia bigibber a, new species, (r.) 

Membraniporina vincularina, new species, (v. r. 

Microporella fissurifera, new species, (r.) 

Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.) 

Tretocycloecia tortilis Lonsdale, 1845. (c.) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester County, Virginia— 
Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.) 

Cyclocopora spinifera, new species, (r.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.) 

Microporella fissurifera, new species, (r.) 

Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.) 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1842. (r.) 

Trypostega venusta Norman, 1864. (r.) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile south of Cash, Gloucester County, Virginia— 

Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.) 

Cyclocolposa spinifera, new species, (r.) 

Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 2 miles southwest of Cash, Gloucester County, Virginia— 

Cyclocolposa spinifera, new species, (r.) 

Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (c.) 

Dakaria torquata D’Orbigny, 1839. (r.) 

Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.) 

Stylopoma spongites. Pallas, 7766. (c.) 

Tretocycloecia avellana, new species, (r) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Near Powcan, King and Queen County, Virginia (loc. No. 8205)— 
Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847. (r.) 

Berenicea flabellum? Reuss. (r.) 

Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (r.) 

Cyclocolposa spinifera, new species, (r.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Beulahland, King and Queen County,Virginia (loc. No. 8229)— 
Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.) 

Berenicea flabellum? Reuss, 1847. (r.) 

Callopora lanceolata, new species, (r.) 

Cyclocolposa spinifera, new species, (r.) 

Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (r.) 

Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.) 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): One-third mile north of Macedonia Church, Essex Countv, Virginia 
(loc. No. 8208)— 

Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.) 

Microporella fissurifera, new species, (v. r.) 

Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.) 


/ 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 9 

Miocene (Yorktown): York River, Virginia— 

Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (r.) 

Hemiseptella filimargo, new species, (v. r.) 

Holoporella rostrifera, new species, (v. r.) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Williamsburg, Virginia— 

Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (r.) 

Tretocycloecia tortilis, Lonsdale, 1845. (c.) 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1£ miles southwest of Reed’s Perry, Virginia— 

Cyclicopora? mansfieldi, new species, (v. r.) 

MIOCENE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, BuplinX'ounty, North Carolina— 
Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847. (r.) 

Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (c.) 

Alderina cesticella, new species, (r.) 

Atelesopora. reptans, new species, (r.) 

Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (r.) 

Cupularia umbellata De France. 

Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (c.) 

Floridina minuta, new species, (r.) 

Floridina regular is, new species, (c.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (c.) 

Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (c.) 

Puellina radiata-scripta Reuss. 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnson, 1847. 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.) 

Terebripora parvicella, new species, (r.) 

Velumella elongata, new species, (r.) 

Vibracellina pusilla, new species, (r.) 

Vibracellina simplex, new species, (r.) 

Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina— 

Lagenipora brevicollis, new species, (r.) 

Membranipora fossulifera Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Membranipora spiculata, new species, (r.) 

Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (r.) 

Porella reversa Ulrich and Bassler ,1904. (r.) 

Pyripora brevicauda, new species. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina— 

Schizopodrella floridina Osburn, 1914. (r.) 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Snow Hill, Green County, North Carolina— 

Membranipora flabellata Canu, 1906. (r.) 

Miocene (Duplin marl): 24 miles northwest of Chocowinity, North Carolina— 

Membranipora flabellata Canu, 1906. (r.) 

Miocene (Duplin): 10 miles south of Greenville, North Carolina— 

Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (c.) 

Microporella fissurifera, new species, (r.) 

Tretocycloecia avellana, new species, (r.) 

Miocene (Duplin marl): 28 miles northwest of Wilmington,|North[Carolina— 

Holoporella parvula, new species, (r.) 

Holoporella subturrita, new species, (v. r.) 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina— 

Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847. (c.) 

Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (r.) 

Callopora dumerilii Savignv-Audouin, 1826. (r.) 

12184—23—Bull. 125-2 



10 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina—Continued. 

Cellepora minuta, new species, (r.) 

Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (v. c.) * 

Cupularia doma D’Orbigny, 1851. 

Cupularia umbellata Defranee, 1823. (c.) 

Cycloperiella rubra , new species, (c.) 

Floridina regularis, new species, (c.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (c.) 

Hemiseptella rectangulata, new species, (r.) 

Hippoporina gibbosa, new species, (r.) 

Holoporella orbifera, new species, (r.) 

Holoporella subturrita, new species, (r.) 

Lacerna mucronata Smitt, 1872. (v. r.) 

Membrendoedum grande, new species, (v. r.) 

Probosdna mesleri, new species, (r.) 

Puellina radiata forma scripta Reuss, 1847. (r.) 

Schizopodrella floridina Osburn, 1915. (v. r.) 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (c.) 

Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (c.) 

Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1841. (r.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.) 

Trypostega venusta Norman, 1864. (v. r.) 

MIOCENE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, FLORIDA, AND CUBA. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Muldrows Mills, 5 miles south'of Mayville, Sumter County, South Carolina— 
Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (r.) 

Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.) 

Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.) 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (v. r.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (r.) 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Darlington, South Carolina— 

Microporella hexagona, new species, (r.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (r.) 

Miocene: Giles Bluff, Peedee River, South Carolina— 

Microporella tessellata Tuomey and Holmes. 

Miocene: Smith’s, Goose Creek, South Carolina— 

Hemiseptella ladnia Tuomey and Holmes. 

Tretocycloeda tortilis Lonsdale, 1845. 

Miocene: Charleston, South Carolina— 

Hemiseptella granulosa, new species, (v. r.) 

Miocene Harvey’s Mills, Leon County, Florida— 

Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (r.) 

Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Cyclocolposa tenuiparietis, new species, (r.) 

Holoporella orbifera, new species, (r.) 

Miocene: Santiago, Cuba— 

Cribrilina cuspidata, new species, (v. r.) 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson’s Bluff, OcklockoneejRiver, Leon County, 25 miles southwest 
of Tallahassee, Florida— 

Acanthodesia savarli forma delicatula Busk, 1859. (r.) 

Amphiblestrum tenuiparietis, new species, (r.) 

Arthropoma comuta, new species, (r.) 

Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Chaperia parvispina, new species, (v. r.) 

Cupuladria canadensis Busk, 1859. (r.) 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 11 

MiocenS (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson's Bluff, Ocklockonee River, Leon County, 25 miles south¬ 
west of Tallahassee, Florida—Continued. 

Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (c.) 

Gemelliporella asper, new species, (r.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.) 

Hippoporella? papulifera, new species, (v. r.) 

Hippoporina (?) vestita, new species, (r.) 

Idmonea planula, new species, (v. r.) 

Membraniporidra parca, new species, (v. r.) 

Membraniporina vincularina, new species, (r.) 

Membrendoecium parvicapitatum, new species, (r.) 

Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (r.) 

Puellina innominata Couch, 1844. (v. r.) 

Schizopodrella floridina Osburn, 1914. (v. r.) 

Schizopodrella pusilla, new species, (r.) 

Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. (v. r) 

Tremogasterina horrida, new species, (r.) 

Vibracellina simplex, new species, (v. r.) 

PLIOCENE OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND FLORIDA. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waceamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina— 

Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (r.) , 

Amphiblestrum constrictum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.) 

Cellepora minuta, new species, (r.) 

Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (v. c.) 

Cyclocolposa perforata, new species, (v. c.) 

Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (c.) 

Dakaria parviporosa, new species, (v. r.) 

Electra monostachys Busk, 1875. (r.) 

Floridina parvicella, new species, (v. r.) 

Gemelliporella asper, new species, (v.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (c.) 

Herniseptella planulata, new species, (r.) 

Holoporella bicornis, new species, (r.) 

Holoporella orbifera, new species, (c.) 

Membranipora lacroixii Audouin, 1826. (r.) 

Membrendoecium grande, new species, (r.) 

Metrarabdotos aurieulatum, new species, (c.) 

Microporella teSsellata Tuomey and Holmes, 1857. (r.) 

Puellina crassilabiata, new species, (r.) 

Schizopodrella aculeata, new species, (v. r.) 

Schizopodrella marginata, new species, (r.) 

Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (r.) 

Spathipora longirima, new species, (r.) 

Tretocycloecia avellana, new species, (v. r.) 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchie marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida— 

Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847. (c.) 

Aimulosia brevis, new species, (r.) 

Aimulosia radiata, new species, (v. r.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.) 

Metrarabdotos aurieulatum, new species, (v. c.) 

Rhynchozoon verruculatum Smitt, 1872. (r.) 

Schismopora brevincisa, new species, (c.) 

Schizoporella doverensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.) 

Smittina maleposita, new species, (v. r.) 


12 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Pliocene (Caloosahatchie marl); Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida—Continued. 
Smitlina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (c.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.) 

Vibracellina pusilla, new species, (v. r.) 

Holoporella albirostris Smitt. (v. c.) 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchie marl): Monroe County, Florida— 

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (r.) 

Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (v. c.) 

Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (c.) 

Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (r.) 

Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (v. c.) 

Metrarabdotos auriculatum, new species, (v. c.) 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.) 

Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (c.) 

Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. (v. r.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.) 

PLEISTOCENE OF THE ATLANTIC COAST. 

Pleistocene: Simmons Bluff, Yonges Island, Charleston County, South Carolina— 
Hemiseptella tuberosa, new species, (r.) 

Rhynchozoon verruculatum Smitt., 1872. (v. r.) 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.) 

Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (c.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (r.) 

Pleistocene or Recent: Yero, Florida— 

Acanthodesia savarti forma texturata Reuss, 1847. (r.) 

Acanthodesia savarti forma typica. (c.) 

Smittina maleposita, new species, (r.) 

Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (r.) 

Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1842. (r.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (r.) 

Pleistocene: Daytona, Florida— 

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.) 

Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (r.) 

Pleistocene: Los Angeles, California— 

Cellaria diffusa Robertson, 1905. (r.) 

Cellaria mandibulata Hincks, 1882. (v. c.) 

Hippothoa hyalina Linnaeus, 1768. (r.) ' \ 

Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1842. (r.) 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone— 

Callopora Jilum Jullien, 1903. (r.) 

Callopora guemei Jullien, 1903. (v. r.) 

Cyclicopora multilamellosa, new species, (r.) 

Dakaria chevreuxi Jullien, 1903. (r.) 

Hippoporella costulata, new species, (v. r.) 

Hippoporina pusilla, new species, (v. r.) 

Holoporella aviculifera, new species, (r.) 

Holoporella mucronata, new species, (v. r.) 

Holoporella turrita Smitt, 1873. (v. r.) 

Mastigophora pesanseris Smitt, 1872. (r.) 

Membranipora osbumi, new species, (r.) 

Porella (Palmicellaria) costulata, new species, (r.) 

Rhynchozoon (?) levigatum, new species, (v. r.) 

Schizoporella magniporosa, new species, (v. r.) 

Stylopoma projecta, new species, (r.) 

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (r.) 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


13 


PLEISTOCENE OF THE PACIFIC COAST. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California— 

Callopora crassospina, new species, (r.) 

Callopora horrida Hincks, 1880. (r.) 

Callopora (?) multipora Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Cauloramphus porosus, new species, (r.) 

Cauloramphus triangularis, new species, (r.) 

Chaperia galeala Busk, 1852. (v. r.) 

Conopeum barbarensis Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 

Crisia serrata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (v. c.) 

Cystisella aviculifera, new species, (r.) 

Electra monostachys Busk, 1875. (r.) 

Fenestrulina malusi Savigny-Audouin, 1826. (c.) 

Filisparsa clarki, new species, (r.) 

Filisparsa clarki, var. parvula, new variety, (r.) 

Hincksina multispinata, new species, (v. r.) 

Hippothoa hyalina Linnaeus, 1768. (r.) 

Hippothoa hyalina, var. rugosa, new variety, (v. r.) 
Holoporella umbonata, new species, (r.) 

Idmonea californica D’Orbigny, 1852. (v. c.) 

Lichenopora californica Conrad, 1855. (r.) 

Lichenopora hispida Fleming, 1828. (r.) 

Membraniporina californica Gabb and Horn. 

Metracolposa mucronata, new species, (r.) 

Micropora coriacea Esper, 1794. (r.) 

Microporella californica Hincks, 1882. (c.) 

Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (r.) 

Microporella eustomata Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Microporella heermani Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Microporella umbonata Hincks, 1882. (v. r.) 

Microporella vibraculifera Hincks, 1882. (v. r.) 

Phidolopora labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (v. c.) 

Porella collifera Robertson, 1908. (c.) 

Psilosolen capitiferax, new species, (v. c.) 

Puellina heermanni Gabb and Horn, 1862. (v. r.) 

Puellina radiata forma scripta Reuss, 1847. (r.) 

Ramphonotus multispinatus, new species, (r.) 

Schismopora abrupta, new species, (r.) 

Schizolavella vulgaris Moll, 1803. (v. r.) 

Schizomavella longirostrata Hincks, 1883. (r.) 

Smittina californiensis Robertson, 1908. (r.) 

Stathmepora flabellata, new species, (c.) 

Tubucellaria punctata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (v. c.) 

Tubucellaria punctata, var. minor, new variety, (r.) 
Tubulipora fasciculifera Hincks, 1884. (r.) 

Tubulipora tuba Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 

Pleistocene: Santa Monica, California. 

Callopora circumclathrata Hincks, 1881. (r.) 

Cellaria diffusa Robertson, 1905. (r.) 

CellariA Jissurifera, new species, (r.) 

Costazzia robertsoniae, new species, (r.) 

Crisia serrata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (v. c.) 

Cupularia robertsoniae, new species, (r.) 

Cyclicopora (?) gigantea, new species, (r.) 

Cystisella aviculifera, new species, (r.) 

Diaperoecia flabellata, new species, (r.) 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


. 14 

Pleistocene: Santa Monica, California—Continued. 
Entalophora fasciculi/era, new species, (r.) 

Fenestrulina porosa, new species, (r.) 

Eincksina quadrispinosa, new species, (r.) 

Eippothoa hyalina Linnaeus, 1768. (r.) 

Holoporella umbonata, new species, (v. r.) 

Idmonea califomica D’Orbigny, 1852. (r.) 

Idmonea dispar, new species, (c.) 

Lepralia cribrosa (?) Maplestone, 1900. (v. r.) 
Lichenopora radiata Savigny-Audouin, 1826. (r.) 
Lichenopora verrucaria Fabricius, 1780. (v. r.) 
Membranipora tuberculata Bose, 1802. (r.) 

Microporella califomica Hincks, 1882. (r.) 

Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (r.) 

Microporella eustomata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 
Microporella gibbera, new species, (v. r.) 

Microporella heermanni Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 
Microporella umbonata Hincks, 1882. (r.) 

Microporella vibraculifera Hincks, 1883. (r.) 

Mystriopora (?) areolata, new species, (v. r.) 
Phidolopora labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (c.) 
Phidolopora pacifica Robertson, 1908. (r.) 

• Phylactella spinosissima, var. major Hincks, 1884. (r.) 
Porella collifera Robertson, 1908. (r.) 

Porella cyclopea, new species, (r.) 

Puellina radiata forma rarecosta Reuss, 1847. (r.) 
Rhynchozoon grandicella, new species, (r.) 

Schismopora lanceolata, new species, (r.) 

Smittina discoidea, new species, (c.) 

Smiltina grandicella, new species, (r.) 

Smittina porifera Hincks, 1884. (r.) 

Stathmepora flabellata, new species, (r.) 

Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1841. (r.) 

Trypematella papulifera, new species, (r.) 

Tubucellaria punctata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 
Tubucellaria punctata, var. minor, new variety, (f ) 
Tubulipora tuba Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 

Pleistocene: Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro, California.— 
Diaperoecia flabellata, new species, (v. r.) 

Entalophora fasciculi/era, new species, (v. r.) 
Eurystomella bilabiata Hincks, 1884. (r.) 

Fenestrulina malusi Savigny-Audouin, 1826. (v. r.) 

Eippothoa hyalina Linnaeus, 1768. (r.) 

Idmonea califomica D’Orbigny, 1852. (v. c.) 

Idmonea clarki, new species, (r.) 

Lagenipora spinulosa Hincks, 1884. (r.) 

Microporella califomica Hincks, 1884. (r.) 

Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (r.) 

Microporella umbonata Hincks, 1882. (v. r.) 

Microporella vibraculifera Hincks, 1883. (r.) 
Phidolopora labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 
Phidolopora pacifica Robertson, 1908. (r.) 

Psilosolen capitiferax, new species, (r.) 

Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1841. (v. r.) 
Terebripora pacifica, new species (r.) (San Pedro.) 
Tubucellaria punctata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 
Tubulipora tuba Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.) 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 15 

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS. 

Class BRYOZOA Ehrenberg. 

Order CTENOSTOMATA Busk. • 

Family TEREBRIPORIDAE Busk, 1839. 

Genus TEREBRIPORA D’Orbigny, 1839. 

iFor description see Bulletin 106, United States National Museum, p. 842.) 

TEREBRIPORA PARVICELLA, new species. 

Plate 27, figs. 15, 16. 

Description. —The canalicules are very thin and branch almost at a right angle. 
The zooecia are very small, arranged somewhat obliquely on the canalicules. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia (rare). 
Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Wells, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, North Caro¬ 
lina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68389, U.S.N.M. 

TEREBRIPORA SINEFILUM, new species. 

Plate 3, figs. 14, 15. 

Description. —The canalicules are very thin; they branch obliquely and dis¬ 
appear on the adult zooecia. The young zooecia are small and united among them¬ 
selves; the old zooecia are large and not united. 

Structure. —Our specimens show no zooecia intact and the perforations alone 
are visible. The cavity containing the cellule alone persists. It is quite remark¬ 
able that the canalicules disappear when the cavities are deep. These two sorts of 
perforations are moreover visible on the same zoarium. 

Occurence. —Miocene (Bowden marl); Bowden Jamaica (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68390, U.S.N.M. 

TEREBRIPORA ELONGATA, new species. 

Plate 3, figs. 16, 17. 

We know this species only from the perforations left in shells and are therefore 
not able to give a complete description. The canalicules branch almost at a right 
angle. The distance between the zooecia is equal to their length. The zooecia 
are much larger than those of Terebripora falunica Fischer, 1866, which is found 
in Europe at the corresponding geological horizon. 

Occurence. —Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68391, U.S.N.M. 

TEREBRIPORA PACIFICA, new species. 

Plate 46, fig. 13. 

This species is known only from the perforations left by it, but these are so 
distinct that it can easily be recognized. The zooecia appear small, pyriform 
approaching each other from one to two times their length. The ternary axes are 




16 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


deprived of zooecia but they bear unicellular ramifications. In this character 
this new species is close to Terebripora irregularis D’Orbigny, 1839, but it differs 
from it in that the distance between the zooecia is much less than five or six 
times their length. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: San Pedro, California (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68392. U.S.N.M. 

Genus SPATHIPORA Fischer, 1866. 

SPATHIPOBA LONGICAUDA, new species. 

Plate 27, figs. 12,13. 

Description. —The principal axes are linear and do not bear zooecia; they 
intersect each other at about an angle of 90°. The zooecia are attached to them an d 
are arranged alternately; they are thin, elongated, fusiform and are provided with 
a long peduncle; the angle of insertion is about 45°. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Spathipora sertumFischer, 1863, wide spread 
in the Helvetian faluns of France, in the great length of the peduncle of insertion. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (St. Marys formation): 18 miles above Urbana, Middle¬ 
sex County, Virginia (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68393, U.S.N.M. 

SPATHIPORA LONGIRIMA, new species. 

Y 

Plate 47, fig. 3. 

Description. —The canalicules are delicate, rectilinear, branching at an angle 
varying from 45° to 90°. The zooecia are conical, attached directly to the canal¬ 
icules, without a peduncle. The apertura is terminal, orbicular, with a very long 
rimule prolonged over almost all the frontal. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Spathipora cacullata in which the form is 
identical, in its very long rimule. It differs from Spathipora longicauda in the ab¬ 
sence of a peduncle to the zooecia. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw, River, Horry County 
South Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68394, U.S.N.M. 

SPATHIPORA CUCULLATA, new species. 

i 

Plate 27, fig. 14. 

Description. —The canalicules are delicate, deeply buried in the surface of shells; 
the ramifications are little oblique. The zooecia are conical, in the form of a cornet 
of paper; their apertura is at the level of the shell, and their peduncles, attached to 
a canalicule, are deeply buried and very short. 

Affinities. —Of the preceding species, Spathipora longicauda, we know only the 
perforations left by the zooecia. In the present one, on the contrary, the zooecium 
is entire because it is entirely embedded in the shell substance. We have no know¬ 
ledge of the mechanism employed by this species in perforating the shell. 

Occurence. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): Beulahland, King and Queen 
County, Virginia (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68395, U.S.N.M. 


17 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


Order CHEILOSTOMATA Busk. 
Suborder Anasca Levinsen. 


Division I. MALACOSTEGA Levinsen 

Family ELECTRINIDAE D’Orbigny, 1851. 

Genus ELECTRA Lamouroux, 1816. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 76.) 
ELECTRA MONOSTACHYS Busk, 1854. 


Plate 29, figs. 1-3. 


I 

1854. Membranipora monostachys Busk, Catalogue marine Polyzoa in British Museum, pt. 2, C’hei- 
lostomata, p. 61, pi. 70, figs. 1-4. 

1859. Membranipora monostachys Busk, Monograph fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications Pale- 
ontographical Society, London, vol. 14, p. 31, pi. 2, fig. 2. 

1880. Membranipora monostachys Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 131, pi. 17, figs. 3, 4; pi. 18, 
figs. 1-4. 

1889. Membranipora monostachys Jelly, A Synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 155 (Cites 
bibliography). 

1896. Membranipora monostachys Calvet, Bryozoaires: Resultats scientifiques de la Campagne du 
“Cauden” dans le Golfe de Gascogne, Annales de l’Universite de Lyon, vol. 26, p. 253. 
1900. Membranipora monostachys Waters, Bryozoa from Franz-Josef Land, Journal Linnean Society 
London, vol. 28, p. 59, pi. 8, fig. 3. 

1904. Membranipora monostachys Calvet, Bryozoen: Ergebnisse der Hamberger Magalhaensiche 
Sammelreise, p. 13. 

1911. Membranipora monostachys Guerin-Ganivet, Bryozoaires de l’expedition des Jacques 

Cartier, Bulletin de l’lnstitut oceanigraphique, no. 207, p. 9. 

1912. Electra monostachys Nordgaard, Revision av Universitetsmuseets samling ar norske Bryo- 

zoer, Kgl. norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skriften, 1911, no. 3, pp. 1-19. 

1912. Membranipora monostachys Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region, Bulletin Bureau 
Fisheries, vol. 30, 1910, p. 227, pi. 22, fig. 29; pi. 39, fig. 87. 

1914. Electra monostachys Canu, Contribution a l’etude des Bryozoaires fossiles, Les Bryozoaires 
du Stampien, XIV, Bulletin Soci4te Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 14, p. 147, pi. 4, 
fig. 1. 


Measurements.— Opesia 


7(0 = 0.26-0.34 mm. 
lo = 0.28 mm. 


Zooecia- 


X2 = 0.40-0.48 
Iz =0.24-0.26 


mm. 


mm. 


Variations .—Our specimens agree with the figures given by Hincks in 1880 and 
by Busk in 1859. The variety with large gymnocyst noted by Waters in 1900 
probably constitutes a distinct species, perhaps identical with Membranipora arcuata 
Canu, 1908, from the Post-Pampean of Argentina. 

This species extends scarcely beyond the Tropics and it has remained fixed in 
the Frigid and Temperate Zones. Its occurrence in the Pliocene of South Carolina 
indicates a great contraction of the equatorial zone and the position of the Tropic 
of Cancer toward the thirty-third parallel. Other species confirm this phenomenon. 

There are 10 tentacles according to Waters. 

Occurrence .—Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (rare). Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare); Waies 
Bluff, near Cornfield Harbor, St. Marys County, Maryland (rare). 



BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Geological distribution. —Stampian, environs of Paris (Canu); Helvetian of 
Touraine (Collection Canu); Astian of England (Busk). 

Habitat .—Arctic Ocean: Franz Josef Land (16-205 meters) (Waters), Barentz 
Sea. Eastern Atlantic: English Channel, North Sea off Germany, Denmark, 
England, Norway (19-24 meters), Gulf of Gascony (17-180 meters), jnouth of the 
Tagus, Cape Verde Islands. Western Atlantic: Woods Hole (3-30 meters), Panama. 
This species lives principally at the mouth of streams and large rivers. 
Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68396-68398, U.S.N.M. 



Fig. 1.—Genera of the family Electrinidae D’Orbigny, 1851. 

A. Eleclra Lamouroux, 1816. E. pilosa Linnaeus, 1758, X 46. Recent. 

B. Membranipora Blainville, 1834. M. membranacea Linnaeus, 1758, X 15 (left) and M. tuberculata 
Bose, 1802, X 20. Recent. 

C. Herpetopora Lang, 1914. H. anglica Lang, 1914, X 27, Cretaceous (after Lang, 1914). 

D. Mystriopora Lang, 1915. M. mockleri Lang, 1915, X 26. Cretaceous of England. 

E. Pyripora D’Orbigny, 1852. P. calenularia Jameson, 1914, X 25. Recent. (A E., after Hincks, 
1880.) 

F. Heterooecium Hincks, 1892. H. amplectens Hincks, 1892, X 55. Recent. (After Levinsen, 
1909.) 






NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


19 


Genus PYRIPORA D’Orbigny, 1852. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 78.) 

PYRIPORA BREVICAUDA, new species. 

Plate 9, figs. 2-4. 


Description. —The zoarium encrusts Cellepore bryozoa. The zooecia are pyri¬ 
form, little narrowed behind, elongated, distinct, separated by a furrow; the gym- 
nocyst is convex and very short. The opesium is elliptical or oval, anterior. 


Measurements . 3 —Opesia' 


7m = 0.20 mm. 
lo — 0.12 mm. 


Zooecia 


£2 = 0.40 mm. 
Iz =0.22 mm. 


Variations.—' This small species is of a disconcerting irregularity, especially 
since the substratum itself is very irregular. The calcified zooecia bear a large 
elliptical pore. The heterozooecia are numerous and generally fusiform. The 
zoarial expansions appear to be flabelliform. 

Occurrence. —Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68399, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MYSTRIOPORA Lang, 1915. 


1915. Mystriopora Lang, New Uniserial Cretaceous Cheilostome Polyzoa, Geological Magazine 
ser. 6, vol. 2, p. 502. 

MYSTRIOPORA (?) AREOLATA, new species. 

Plate 33, figs. 1, 2. 

Description. —The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, elongated, pyriform; the gymnocyst is short, convex, smooth, 
much narrowed. The mural rim is thin, garnished all around with hollow spines; 
the opesium is large, oval, anterior; between the zooecia. are some zooeciules whose 
opesium is also garnished with some spines. The zooecia are separated from each 
other by rectangular areolar spaces. Dietellae are present. 

fk = 0.45 mm. „ . \Lz = 0.60 mm. 


Measurements . 3 —Opesia-!'"" 'Cl't Zooecia-L _ _ n 

r Uo =0.25 mm. 1/2 =0.50 mm. 


Affinities.— The Cretaceous genus Mystriopora Lang, 1915, shows also zoo¬ 
eciules (although the English authors thought them to be more in the nature of 
avicularia) and areal spines, but it did not have areolar spaces between the zooecia. 
Our specimens appear, therefore, to belong to a new genus, although we prefer to 
employ Lang’s name provisionally because the rarity of specimens has not per¬ 
mitted us to make a tangential section in order to discover the dietellae and to 
establish the nature of the areolar spaces. We have observed cases of double and 
triple regeneration of the polypide. 

This species differs from Membranipora pedunculata Hincks, 1881, also pro¬ 
vided with zooeciules, by the absence of spines and by the presence of areolar spaces. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Long Wharf Canyon), California 
(rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68400, U.S.N.M. 


8 In the citation of measurements ho is the length and lo the width of the opesia, Lz and Iz similarly the length and width of 
the zooecia, Lv and Iv the same for the vibraculum, Lon and Ion for the onychocellaria, ha and la for the apertura, etc. 





20 


BULLETIN" 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus MEMBRANIPORA Blainville, 1834. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 77.) 

MEMBRANIPOKA FLABELLATA Canu, 1904. 

Plate 10, figs. 10-14. 

1904. Membranipora Jlabellala Canu, Les Brvozoaires du Patagonien echelle des Bryozoaires pour 
les terrains tertiares, Memoires Society Gdologique de France, Paleontologie, vol. 12, p. 7, 
pi. 1, fig. 8. 

1908. Membranipora flabellata Canu, Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de l’Argentine, Anales 
del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol 17, p. 249, pi. 1, figs. 1-5. 

,, , „ \ho = 0.26 mm. ,, . \Lz — 0.36-0.40 mm. 

Measurements. —Opesiaj, Zooeciau nn „ 

1 llo =0.16 mm. U 2 =0.26 mm. 

Structure. —The zoarium incrusts shells and algae over large surfaces forming 
many superposed lamellae. The tubercles of the interzooecial angles are well pre¬ 
served only on the inner lamellae, the outermost lamellae being deprived of them. 
The zooecia are very deep, the mural rim is quite thick, and the opesium is crenu- 
lated. The superior lamellae are formed of zooecia developed around pseudoan- 
cestrulae. The latter do not arise from the development of a larva, but they are 
produced by the gemmation of an inferior zooecium. 

Variations. —One of our species from Yorktown, Virginia, is exactly similar to 
the typical Argentina specimens, but our other examples present variations not 
noted in the types. The variations are due evidently to the diversity of conditions 
under which the species existed, as its geographic distribution appears very great. 

The tubercles are very inconstant (fig. 10) and entire colonies are deprived of 
them (fig. 12). The young zooecia have thin mural rims (fig. 12) which gives them 
an aspect similar to that of Acanthodesia savarti Audouin, 1826, but old zooecia 
are normal and there are never large zooecia giving rise to new rows. Sometimes 
the two distal tubercles are joined together (fig. 13). The tubercles are often 
replaced by interopesial cavities (fig. 11) on the much expanded zoaria, but the 
presence of normal tuberose zooecia reveals the true nature of these sorts of 
specimens. 

Affinities. —The exterior aspect much recalls Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrich and 
Bassler, 1904, but the present species differs in its smaller measurements (ho<0.30 
mm.) in the absence of opesial spicules and in its multilamellar colonies. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Bellfield and Suffolk, 
Virginia (rare). Miocene (Duplin marl): 2h miles northwest of Chocowinity and at 
Snow Hill, North Carolina (rare). 

Geological distribution.— Patagonian, Pampean and Post Pampean of Argen¬ 
tina (Canu). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. Nos. 68401, 68402, U.S.N.M. 

MEMBRANIPORA FOSSULIFERA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 9, figs* 6, 7. 

1904. Membranipora fossulifera Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, 
Miocene, p. 408, pi. 110, fig. 1. 

The original description is as follows: 

Description. —Zoarium forming a thin expansion upon foreign bodies. Zooecia oblong, subquadrate, 
sometimes obscurely hexagonal, arranged in regular longitudinal and diagonally intersecting rows, 
with about 11 in 5 mm., measuring lengthwise, 9 to 10 in 3 mm., diagonally, and 11 to 13 of the longi- 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


21 


tudinal rows in 3 mm. Opesium elongate oval, generally about twice as long as wide. Walls nearly 
always a little less than half the width of’the opesium, with a median channel, the ring-like elevation 
enclosing the opesium uniformly elevated except across the anterior end where it is higher and obliquely 
arched and elevated beneath, probably to form a cover for an ooecium, and is usually surmounted by 
a transverse rib terminating at each end in a small rounded prominence. Rarely the space of an ordinary 
zooecium is taken up by a cell having a thicker wall and a smaller aperture varying from elongate to 
nearly circular, while in one instance, a small cell with an oblique opening, narrowed distally, is 
wedged in between three zooecia. 


Measurements. —Opesia 


ho = 0.36 mm. 
lo = 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia' 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 
. lz = 0.32 mm. 


Variations. —Our micrometric measurements represent the average; in reality 
as in all the Membranipores the variations are considerable. The mural rim is 
always somewhat wider in the proximal portion; the separating furrow is deep; 
the opesium is finely crenulated. The two distal tubercles are placed generally 
on the termen of the mural rim, but frequently they are attached to the exterior 
slope and appear there as inserted in the interzooecial angles. We have not yet 
discovered regenerated zooecia. 

We present a new photograph of the type of this species winch brings out the 
surface ornament and especially the tubercles more clearly. The species has 
resemblance to both Conopeum and Membranipora, but the apparent absence of 
the two impressions on the dorsal wall of the zooecium, characteristic of Conopeum, 
and the presence of the spines of Membranipora cause us to refer the species to 
Membranipora in its restricted sense. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Calvert formation): Reed’s, Maryland (very rare). 
Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina (rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68403, U.S.N.M. 


MEMBRANIPORA SPICULATA, new species. 


Plate 9, fig. 1. 

Description. —The zoarium encrusts species of Cellepora. The zooecia are 
distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elliptical, elongated; the mural rim is thin, 
salient, flat, bearing two distal tuberosities and two pairs of lateral spicules which 
are conical and very salient. The opesium is of the same form as the zooecium. 


Measurements. —Opesiaj 


ho = 0.32 mm. 
Zo = 0.18 mm. 


Zooecia* 


\Lz = 0A0 mm. 
[ lz = 0.?>0 mm. 


Affinities. —In its lateral spicules this species has much resemblance to Spiralaria 
denticulata Busk, 1852, but it differs from it in the absence of an endozooecial ovicell 
and in the presence of two lateral pairs of spicules. Hincksina serrata MacGillivray, 
1881, also has a similar aspect, but in the present species we have not observed 
either the ovicell or interzooecial avicularia. The spicules are rarely erect; they 
are more or less curved in the form of a claw. The distal tuberosities are often 
transformed into spicules. It is therefore rather probable that this species bears 
an ovicell. But a single specimen has been found. 

Occurrence. —-Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68404, U.S.N.M. 


22 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


MEMBRANIPORA LACROIXII Audouin, 1826. 

Plate 29, fig. 4. 

1826. Flustra lacroixii Audouin, Explication des planches de Polypes de l’Egypte. ... In 
Savigny’s Description de L’Egypte, Historie Naturelle, vol. 1, 1809, pt. 3, p. 240, pi. 10, 
fig. 9 (not Busk, Hincks, Canu). 


Measurements. —Ordinary zooecia: Opesia 


7to = 0.40 mm. 
lo = 0.22 mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.50 mm. 
\lz = 0.32-0.34 


mm. 



First zooecia of a row: 

Opesiaj 

Zooecia' 


7 w = 0.40 mm. 
lo = 0.24-0.28 mm. 
\Lz = 0.50-0.56 mm. 
1 Iz = 0.40 mm. 


Variations. —The mural rim is flat and finely striated. There is a constant 
tubercle at each interzooecial angle. The zooecium giving rise to two or more 
series is much larger. Our specimen is exactly like Audouin’s figure of 1826. 

Affinities. —Years ago Waters noted that the Membranipora lacroixi of Busk 
and Hincks was probably not Audouin’s species. Canu, sharing this opinion, has 
carefully revised the synonymy. 4 The unexpected discovery in America of 
Andouin’s species confirms therefore the idea of both Waters and Canu. There is no 
necessity of a new name, since our specimen appears to indicate Membranipora 
more than Conopeum. 

This species differ from Membranipora fossulifera Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, in 
the presence of tubercles at the interzooecial angles. It is much larger than Bijlustra 
savarti Smitt, 1872, which belongs moreover to another genus. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (rare). 

Habitat. —Red Sea or Mediterranean (Audouin): 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68405, U.S.N.M. 


MEMBRANIPORA TUBERCULATA Bose, 1802. 


Plate 33, figs. 3-5. 

1802. Flustra tuberculata Bose, Histoire naturelle des Vers, vol. 3, p. 118. 

1839. Flustra tehuelca D’Orbigny, Voyage dans l’Amerique-MMdionale, vol. 5, pt. 4, Zoophytes, 
p. 17, pi. 8, fig. 10-14. 

1858. Membranipora tuberculata Busk, Zoophvtology: On some Madeiran Polyzoa, Quarterly 
Journal of Microscopical Science, vol. 6, p. 126, pi. 18, fig. 4. 

1898. Membranipora tehuelca Waters, Observations on Membraniporidae, Journal of the Linnean 
Society, Zoology, vol. 26, p. 674, pi. 48, fig. 6-8. 

1908. Membranipora tehuelca Robertson, The incrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the West 

Coast of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, no. 5, 
p. 265, pi. 15, fig. 16, 17; pi. 16, fig. 18. 

1909. Membranipora tuberculata Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring Islands, Journal 

Linnean Society London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 286. 


* See North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, p. 89. 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


23 


1911. Membranipora tehuelca Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a l’etude des Bryozoaires des cotes 

Armoricaines II, Bryozoaires provenant de la rade de Brest, et recueilles par les freres 
Crouan, Travaux scientifiques du Laboratoire de Zoologie de Concameau, vol. 3, fasc. 5, 
p. 6, fig. 3. 

1912. Membranipora tehuelca Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region, Bulletin Bureau 

Fisheries, vol. 30, 1910, p. 231, pi. 24, fig. 40. 

We agree with Norman that this species is indeed that of Bose, who indicated 
it as very abundant on the algae of the Sargossa Sea. These algae, swept along by 
the equatorial current, have transported to America a considerable number of 
European species. This particular one has made the tour of America. One of our 
fossil specimens still retains its ectocyst and its corneous opercular valve. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (rare). 

Habitat. —Eastern Atlantic off France, Senegal, Madeira, and Angola. Western 
Atlantic: United States, Chagos Isles, Pernambuco, Rio Janeiro, Patagonia. 
Pacific: Kursachee and California. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68406, U.S.N.M. 


MEMBRANIPORA VAUGHANI Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 2, fig. 1. 

1919. Membranipora vaughani Canu and Bassler, Geology and paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 77, pi. 2, fig. 1. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are little distinct, 
united among themselves by their mural rim, elongated, hexagonal; the mural 
ri m is flat, granular, everywhere of equal width. The opesium is elliptical or oval, 
finely crenulated. Between the zooecia at the angles of junction large rounded 
tubercles occur. 


Measurements. 


„ . \ho = 0.32 — 0.36 mm. 

-0.22-0.24, 


■ mm, 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.40 — 0.44 mm. 


lz = 0.32 mm. 

Affinities. —A single specimen has been found and its zooecia are somewhat 
deformed by the substratum. The species differs from Membranipora tuberculata 
Busk, 1859, from the English Crag in its much larger micrometric measurements. 
It differs from Membranipora tuberculata Bose, 1802 (not Busk, 1859) in the much 
more reduced and very different form of its interzooecial tuberosites. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo 
(very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68407, U.S.N.M. 

MEMBRANIPORA!?) TUBERIMARGO, new species. 

Plate 9, fig. 12. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical. The mural rim is thin, rounded, a little 
enlarged at the base; it bears one pair of distal and two pairs of lateral tuberosities. 
The opesium is large, anterior, elliptical. 


Measurements. —Opesia 


ho = 0.40 — 0.45 mm. 
lo = 0.25 -0.30 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.45 mm. 
lz = 0.35 -0.40 mm. 




24 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Variations. —Our micrometric measurements have been made as far as possible 
from the ancestrula on our single specimen. The opesium of the small ancestrular 
zooecia measures only 0.30 by 0.20 mm. The number and size of the tubercles is 
very irregular. They are hollow. 

This species differs from Membranipora osburni in its larger dimensions, and in 
the presence of two pairs of lateral tuberosities. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland (very 
rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68408, U.S.N.M. 

MEMBRANIPORA OSBURNI, new species. 

Plate 46, figs. 11, 12. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts sponges. The zooecia are distinct, sepa¬ 
rated by a furrow, elongated hexagonal; the mural rim is thin, rounded, very 
finely crenulated, salient, ornamented with two distal tubercles; the proximal 
cryptocyst is concave and very small. The opesium is elliptical. 

,, . ~ [Ao = 0.30mm. „ . f Iz = 0.35 mm. 

Measurements .—Opesia \ , _ __ Zooecia 1 7 „ „ 

r l lo =0.20 mm. I tz =0.28 mm. 

Affinities .—The micrometric measurements are smaller than Membranipora 
vaughani, but the species is quite close to Membranipora tuberculata Busk, 1859, in 
its two distal tubercles. It is distinguished from the latter by its cryptocyst placed 
only in the proximal portion of the zooecium, by its larger micrometric measurements 
(Z 2 = 0.35 mm. and not 0.30 mm.), and in its much thinner mural rim. 

We dedicate this interesting species to Dr. Raymond C. Osburn, of the Ohio 
State University, in honor of his important researches upon American recent 
bryozoa. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). Miocene 
(Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68409, U.S.N.M. 

Group MEMBRANIPORAE Canu and Bassler, 1917. 


SECTION I. NO OVICELL. 

Genus MEMBRANIPORINA Levinsen, 1909. 


(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 94.) 

MEMBRANIPORINA TENELLA Hincks, 1880. 

Plate 5, figs. 10, 11. 

1880. Membranipora tenella Hincks, Contributions History Marine Polyzoa, Foreign Membrani- 
porina II, Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 6, p. 376, pi. 16, fig. 7. 

1889. Membranipora tenella Jelly, Synonymic catalogue of recent marine Bryozoa, p. 167. 

1919. Callopora tenella Canu and Bassler, Gfeology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publication of the Carnegie Institution at Washington, No. 291, p. 81, pt. 5, fig. 10. 

Affinities .—This species is quite easily recognized by its very thin mural rim 
and especially by its small tubercles arranged more or less symmetrically on the 
gymnocyst. These tubercles appear to be hollow. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


25 


The species may perhaps be confused with Callopora dumerilli Savigny-Au- 
douin, 1826, in which the exterior aspect is quite similar; it differs from it in the 
presence of nodules instead of avicularia placed on the gymnocyst (and not between 
the opesia). 

Occurrence .—Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 

Habitat .—Florida (Hincks). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68410, U.S.N.M. 


MEMBRANIPORINA BACCATA, new species. 


Plate 9, fig. 14. 


Description .—The zoarium is incrusting, unilamellar. The zooecia are distinct, 
separated by a deep furrow, much elongated, elliptical or irregular. The mural rim 
is thin, regular, salient, rounded, covered with large granules. The opesium has 
the same form as the zooecium. 


,, J „ f ho = 0.50 mm. 

Measurements .—Opesia j ^ _ 99 


mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.60 mm. 
Iz =0.35 mm. 


Variations .—The zooecia giving rise to new series are much larger; they are 
numerous, and when the zoarium is not perfectly regular the smaller zooecia which 
they emit have not sufficient place for development and thus become deformed. 

We have noted traces of spicules, so that this species could possibly belong to 
the genus Acanthodesia. However, it is imprudent to pronounce on this point 
from a single specimen. The epsemble of the large granules of the mural rims give 
to this species the aspect of a chain of pearls. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above 
Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68411, U.S.N.M. 


MEMBRANIPORINA CALIFORNICA Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Plate 33, fig. 6. 

1862. Membranipgra californica Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary 
formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ser. 2, 
vol. 5, p. 160, pi. 20, fig. 46. 

The original description is as follows: 

Colony encrusting, cellules arranged in lines, not always in regular quincunx. Cellules pyriform, 
sometimes continued behind, often abruptly truncated. Opening large, occupying two-thirds or more 
of the cellules; varying from rounded triangular to oval, usually narrowest in front, never sharply acumi¬ 
nate. Surface sometimes rounded about the oval opening, at others carinate, midway between the 
aperture and the margin of the cellule, from which line the surface slopes downwards, convexly in 
both directions. Behind the opening the surface is convex, often narrow. No abortive cellules nor 
ovarian vescicles were observed. 

We have been unable to find specimens of this species and we therefore repro¬ 
duce the original description and figures for the benefit of future students. 
Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

12184—23—Bull. 125-3 


26 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


MEMBRANIPORINA VINCULARINA, new species. 


Plate 9, figs. 8-10. 


Description .—The zoarium is free, vincular, formed of two lamellae back to 
back, composed of four to eight longitudinal rows of zooecia. The zooecia are 
elliptical, distinct, separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is wide, rounded, 
tuberose somewhat wider in the proximal portion; the opesium is regular, elongated, 
elliptical. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


ho = 0.24-0.32 mm. „ . f Lz = 0.40-0.50 mm. 

Zo = 0.14-0.16 mm. ° 0ecia 1 lz= 0.30-0.36 mm. 

Affinities.—We have not yet discovered an ovicell on any of our specimens. The 
quadrangular zoaria have much resemblance to Farcimia, but their zooecia are 
identical with those of the multiserial colonies. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Miocene (Yorktown 
formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia (very rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68412, 68413, U.S.N.M.. 


Genus CONOPEUM Norman, 1903. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 86.) 

CONOPEUM LACROIXII Busk, 1852. 

Plate 1, fig. 6. 

1919. Conopeum lacroixii Canu and Bassler, Monograph Early Tertiary Bryozoa of North America, 
Bull. 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 89, pi. 13, fig. 9. (Bibliography, history and dis¬ 
tribution.) 


ho = 0A0 mm. 


ry . f Z 2 = 0.50 mm. 
Zooecia 7 oc 

l iz — 0.28 mm. 


Measurements .—Opesia . 7 . ... 

1 t to = 0.20 mm. 

Although we have had the good fortune to discover the true Membranipora 
lacroixii Audouin, 1826 (see p. 22, pi. 29, fig. 4), it is evident that the present species 
ought henceforth to be classed under Busk’s name of 1852. We have no new 
observations to add to our previous description of this species, for the Miocene 
specimens are very rare. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above 
Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare). Miocene (Calvert formation): Reeds, 
Maryland (rare). Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68414, U.S.N.M. 

CONOPEUM OVALE Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 5, fig. 6. 


1919. Conopeum ovale Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies Bryozoa, 
Pub. Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 77, pi. 5, fig. 6. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, elongated, 
oval, the point above, separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is thin, oblique, 
flat; the opesium is entire, oval. There are two orbicular impressions at the base 
of the zooecia. The interopesial cavities are irregular and rare. 


,, * ■ fAo = 0.30 mm 

Measurements .—Opesia i , „ „ „ 

1 l to = 0.15 mm 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.35 mm. 
lz = 0.25 mm. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


27 


Affinities. —The primoserial zooecia are small and calcified. The figured speci¬ 
men alone has been found. We know no equatorial species with which to compare 
the present one. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (very rare). 
Holotype. —Cat. No. 68415, U.S.N.M. 


CONOPEUM GERMANUM Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 10, fig. 8. 

1904. Membranipora germana Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa: Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, 
p. 410, pi. Ill, fig. 29. 

The original description is as follows: 

Zoarium forming a delicate crust upon foreign bodies, the largest seen being less than 1 cm. in 
diameter. Zooecia shallow, arranged in curved radiating lines in which about 6 occur in 3 mm.; meas¬ 
uring transversely, 11 to 12 of the rows in the same space. Opesia large, more or less elongate-ovate, 
the length and width usually as 3 is to 2, separated laterally from their neighbors by about half their 
width, enclosed by a ring-like thickening formed by a furrow separating adjoining zooecia. At some¬ 
what irregular intervals, the interzooecial space widens and is occupied by a rounded cell that may 
have lodged some kind of avicularium. These cells vary greatly in size but are always considerably 
smaller than the true zooecia. Occasionally the front margin of the zooecium is more elevated than 
the rest of the circumference. No ovicells observed. 

The description quoted above gives all the essential features of this species. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland (very 
rare). Miocene (Choptank formation): Dover Bridge, Maryland (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68416, U.S.N.M. 


CONOPEUM? NITIDULUM Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 


Plate 9, fig. 5. 


1904. Membranipora nitidula Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa: Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, 
p. 412, pi. 112, fig. 1. 

The original description is as follows: 


Zoarium apparently erect, bifoliate. Zooecia oblong, subquadrate, the length twice the width, 
arranged rather regularly in longitudinal and diagonally intersecting series, rarely fo,ur, usually five in 
three mm. lengtnwise, about seven diagonally, and ten or eleven transversely in the same space. 
Opesia elongate-elliptical, separated transversely by an obtusely ridge-shaped wall generally equalling 
about half their width; longitudinal interspaces about twice as great as the transverse, medially ridged 
with a crescentic ovicellar excavation below (that is, in front of each opesium) and usually a small 
pore-like depression at each end of the ridge. Very minute spines or granules on inner slope of walls. 


,, , ~ I ho = 0.45 mm. 

Measurements. Opcsift |^_ q q 


mm. 


„ ■ \Lz = 0.60 mm. 

°oecia^ 2= 0.25-0.30 mm. 


Affinities. —A restudy of the type specimen shows that the original illustration 
of the species was inverted. At the bottom of each zooecium there is a small flat 
cryptocyst more or less developed. The interopesial spaces are triangular. The 
opesium is finely crenulated. 

This species is very close to Conopeum lacroixii Authors, but it differs in its 
larger micrometric measurements and in the presence of a small proximal cryp¬ 
tocyst. Nevertheless, as the figured example alone has been found, we can not 
affirm the constancy of this latter characteristic. 

Occurence. —Miocene (Choptank formation): Pawpaw Point, Maryland (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68417, U.S.N.M. 


28 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


CONOPEUM BARBARENSIS Gabb and Horn. 1862. 


Plate 33, figs. 7-9. 


1862. Membranipora barbarensis Gabb and Horn - , Monograph Polvzoa Secondary and Tertiary 
formations of North America. Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ser. 2, 
p. 60, pi. 20, fig. 47. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, ir¬ 
regular, elliptical or oval; the mural rim is thin, flat, trenchant; the opesium is 
large, elliptical or oval. The axis of the avicularium is always in the axis of the 
proximal zooecium. 


,, , „ . \Jio = 0.32 mm. 

Measurements. —Opesia , _ , _ 

1 l/o = 0.16 


„ . 1 X 2 = 0.40 mm. 

mm. 1/2 = 0.28 mm. 

Affinities. —There are two muscular impressions as in the genus Conopeum. 
The avicularium (?) is not constant; it only appears from place to place; it is ellip¬ 
tical. We are not certain of its nature for only the figured specimens have been 
found. 

This species differs from EUisina ( Membranipora ) leva'ta Hindis. 1882, from 
the Queen Charlotte Islands, in its thinner mural rim, and in the avicularium, 
always placed in the axis of the proximal zooecium (and not in all directions). 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68418, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CUPULADRIA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

1919. Cupuladria Canu and Bassler, The Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 77. 

No ovicell. The zoarium bears vibracula. No gymnocyst. 

Genotype.—Cupuladria ( Cupularia ) canariensis Busk, 1859. Range: Miocene- 
Recent. 

The genotype does not belong at all to Cupularia as we now understand 
this genus and as it is defined by its type species. There are neither opesiules nor 
cryptocyst. Previously, Smitt in 1872 classified the genotype more correctly in 
Membranipora as this genus was then understood. It can not, however, be main¬ 
tained in this genus since its significance has been more restricted. We were there¬ 
fore obliged to create the new genus characterized by the presence of vibracula, 
although these organs of zoarial adaptation may not logically furnish good generic 
characters. We only add a letter to the primitive term to modify the long 
synonymy of this species as little as possible. 

This genus differs from HeliodomaCalxet, 1907, in the absence of a gymnocyst. 
The absence of an endozooecial ovicell does not permit it to be confused with either 
Vibracellina Canu and Bassler, 1917, or Setosellina Calvet, 1907. 


CUPULADRIA CANARIENSIS Busk. 1859. 

Plate 1, figs. 7-9. 

1859. Cupularia canariensis Busk, Monograph fossil Polyzoa of the Crag. Publications Paleonto- 
graphical Society, London, vol. 14, p. 87, pi. 13, fig. 2. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 29 

1872. -I feinbranipora canariensis Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, 
pt. 1, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, No. 11, p. 10. 

1908. _ Cupularia canariensis Canu, Iconographle des Bryozoaires fossiles de L’Argentine, Anales 

del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. 17, p. 275, pi. 5, figs. 8-10 (gives bibliography). 

1909. Cupularia guineensis Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring Islands, Journal 

Linnean Society London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 289, pi. 37, figs. 2-6. 

1913. Cupularia canariensis Canu, Contributions a l’etude des Bryozoaires fossiles, IV, Pliocene 

d’Alger, Bulletin Soci6t6 G6ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 13, pp. 124, 128. 

1914. Cupularia guiniensis Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publication 

Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 182, p. 194. 

1916. Cupularia canariensis Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles des Terraines du Sud-Ouest de la France, 
9, Aquitanien, Bulletin de la Soci4t6 Geologique de France, ser. 4 vol. 16, p. 137, pi. 3, 
figs. 4-6. 

1919. Cupuladria canariensis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 78, pi. 1, figs 8-10. 

This abundant, well-known fossil and recent species, distinguished by its free, 
cupuliform zoarium with the zooecia on the convex side having a membraniporoid 
opesium and vibracula and with the concave side marked by distinct polygonal 
areas pierced by a few large pores, has been found fossil at number of American 
localities starting in the Lower Miocene and continuing to the present time. In 
its geological occurrence it agrees with Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823, which 
likewise begins in the Lower Miocene. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Chipola marl): 1 mile below Baileys Ferry, 
Chipola River, Florida (rare). Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Bowden, 
Jamaica (rare); Rio Gurabo, Rio Cana, and Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo (rare); 
and Port Limon, Costa Rica (common). Lower Miocene (Gatun formation): 
Banana River, Costa Rica (rare). Miocene (Choctowatchee marl) Jackson Bluff, 
Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Pliocene 
(Caloosahatehee marl): Monroe County, Florida (rare). 

Geological distribution. —Burdigalian of Bordeaux (Canu collection); Helvetian 
of France (Canu) and Spain (DeAngelis); Tortonian of Austria-Hungary (Reuss) 
and Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of Italy (Manzoni), England (Busk), Spain 
(DeAngelis) and Algeria (Canu); Astian of Italy (Neviani, Canu); Sicilian of 
Rhodes (Manzoni) and Italy (Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Neviani) and Argen¬ 
tina (Canu); Miocene of Australia? (Waters). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68419-68424, U.S.N.M. 

CUPULADRIA BIPOROSA, new species. 

Plate 47, figs. 1,2. 

Description. —The zoarium is orbicular. The zooecia are distinct, large, elon¬ 
gated or transverse, large or small, generally rhomboidal; the opesium is regular, 
oval, variable in form in the wide zooecia. The interzooecial vibraculum is very 
large and auriculate. On the inner face the zooecia are rectangular and each one 
bears two large pores. 

Affinities. —This interesting new species differs from Cupuladria canariensis 
Busk, 1852, in its larger zooecia, which bear on the inner face only two large pores. 






30 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

It is also very well characterized by the presence of wider zooecia in the vicinity 
of the zoarial margins. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Bowden marl): Santo Domingo. 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68425, U.S.N.M. 

Genus ACANTHODESIA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

1919. Acanthodesia Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 79. 

No ovicell. The opesium is garnished laterally by small spinous processes and 
interiorly by a serrate denticle. Fifteen tentacles. 

Genotype.—Acanthodesia ( Flustra ) savarti Savigny-Audouin, 1826. 

Range. —Lutetian-Recent. 


Fig. 2.—Genus Acanthodesia Canu and Bassler, 1919. 


Figs. A-I. Acanthodesia savartii Savigny-Audouin, 1826. A and B. Zoaria of recent specimens 
natural size. C. Young zooecia, X 25. D. Older zooecia, X 25, showing small proximal denticles. 
E. Older zooecia, X 25, with a serrate denticle directed inward toward the basal wall. F, G. Distal 
septular plates, X 250 (A-G, after Waters, 1908). H. Zoarial fragment, X 12 (after Audouin, 1826). 
I. A fossil specimen, X 20, showing zooecia with spicules. 

Figs. J-L. Acanthodesia ( Membranipora ) limosa, Waters, 1908. J. Two zooecia, X 55. K. Distal 
wall, X 55, with the peculiar spine-like processes. L. A spine-like process more highly magnified, 
X 200. (Figs. J-L, after Levinsen, 1909.) 















NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


31 


ACANTHODES1A SAVARTI Savigny-Audouin, 1826. 

1812. Flustra savarti Savigny, Description de l’Egypte, Polypes, pi. 10, fig. 10. 

1826. Flustra savarti Audouin, Explication sommaire des planches de Polypes de l’Egypte et de 
la Syrie, p. 240. 

The variations in form and size of this species are extraordinary. We group 
them around some principal forms, but it is evident that the same zoarium may 
exhibit all of them. These forms are as follows: 

1. Forma typica. The opesium is crenulated and elongated; the large zooecia 
have a cryptocyst. The zoarium is incrusting, unilamellar or bilamellar. 

2. Forma texturata. The cryptoc 3 r st is developed on all the zooecia. No 
areal spines. No tubercles. The zoarium is unilamellar and subcylindrical. 

3. Forma reyti. The zooecia are irregular. There are areal spines. No 
cryptoc} T st. No tubercles. The opesium is denticulated and not crenulated. The 
zoarium is unilamellar and subcylindrical. 

4. Forma monilifera. Like typica, but the mural rim is beaded. The zoarium 
is unilamellar and subcylindrical. 

5. Forma delicatula. The cryptocyst is short. There are areal spines. The 
zoarium is bilamellar. 

6. Forma bifoliata. There are areal spines. The opesium is surrounded by 
a sort of salient collar. The zoarium is bilamellar. Tubercles at the angles. 

These various forms and occurrences are noted under the following headings : 


ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI forma TYPICA. 

Plate 11, figs. 1-3. 

The opesium is crenulated and elongated; the large zooecia have a cryptocyst. 
The zoarium is encrusting, unilamellar or bilamellar. 

Our few American specimens, are encrusting. The zooecia are less elongated 
than in the forma monilifera and less spinous than the forma reyti. The micro¬ 
metric variations are very great. The granulations are as beautiful as in the other 
two forms. 

Occurrence.-— Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Bowler’s wharf, Rappahannock 
River, 18 miles above Lrbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare). Miocene (York- 
town formation): Near Suffolk Virginia (rare). Pleistocene: Vero, Florida 
(common). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68426, U.S.N.M. 


ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI forma REYTI Canu, 1909. 


1909. Membranipora reyti Canu, Les Bryozoaires fossiles des Terraines du Sud-Ouest de la France; 
III Burdigalien, Bulletin de la Society Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 443, pi. 15, 
fig. 2. 

1909. Membranipora savarti Canu, Les Bryozoaires fossiles des Terraines du Sud-Ouest de la France; 

III Burdigalien, Bulletin de la Soci6te Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 444, pi. 15, 
fig. 3. 


Measurements. —Opesia 


\ho = 0.34-0.50 mm. 
I lo = 0.20-0.30 mm. 


Zooecia! 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 
Iz = 0.40 mm. 


32 


.BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


There are some long and some wide zooecia. The opesium is very finely den¬ 
ticulated and bears areal spines. The mural rim is granulated on the better pre¬ 
served specimens, which then resemble forma monilifera from Cercado de Mao, Santo 
Dom in go. There are in the Canu collection specimens almost as beautiful as the 
Santo Domingo form. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Aquitanian): Leognan (LeThil), St. Medard-Gajac 
(Gironde) and St. Avit (Landes), France. Miocene (Burdigalian): Saucats (Le- 
Peloua), Leognan and Pontiac (Gironde) France. 


ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI forma MONILIFERA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 2, figs. 2, 3. 

1919. Acanthodcsia savarti forma monilifera Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the 
West Indies, Bryozoa, Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 79, 
pi. 2, figs. 2, 3. 

Like typica, but the mural rim is beaded. The zoarium is unilamellar and sub- 
cylindrical. 

This form is intermediate between forma reyti and forma typica. It is evi¬ 
dently the first representative in the American Basin. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Do¬ 
mingo (rare.) 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68427, U.S.N.M. 


ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI forma TEXTURATA Reuss, 1847. 


Plate 5, figs. 1-5; plate 46, figs. 8, 9. 


1847. Flustrellaria texturata Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener-Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger’s 
naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 2, p. 73, pi. 9, fig. 1. 

1872. Biflustra savarti Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part I, 
Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, No. 11, p. 20, pi. 4, figs. 
92-95. 

1877. Flustrellaria texturata Manzoni, I, Briozoi fossili del Miocene d’Austria ed Ungheria, II Parte, 
Denkschriften der math, natur. Classe der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol. 37, Abtheil. 
2, p. 67, pi. 13, fig. 45. 

1917. Acanthodesia savarti forma texturata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West 
Indies, Bryozoa, Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 79, pi. 
5, figs. 1-5. 


The crvptocyst is developed on all the zooecia. No spinous processes. No 
tubercles. The zoarium is unilamellar and subcylindrical. 


Measurements. —Opesia 


ho = 0.35 mm. 
Jo = 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz 

i Iz 


= 0.50 mm. 
= 0.28 mm. 


Variations. —The zoarium incrusts fine algae at their bifurcation; it is therefore 
unilamellar and subcylindrical. The zooecia are elongated, ogival, distinct; the 
mural rim is striated, salient only in the distal portion; the cryptocyst is large and 
concave. The opesium is elliptical, very' finely denticulated; anteriorly it often 
bears thin and short spinous processes. 

Smitt figured the serrate denticle on the recent specimens; it never persists on 
the fossil examples. On the inner face the zooecia are rectangular. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


33 


Affinities.—The presence of the spinous processes differentiates our specimens 
from FlustreUaria texturata from the European Tortonian which, according to the 
figures, does not bear them. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Bowden, Jamaica (very com¬ 
mon). Pleistocene or Recent: Vero, Florida (rare). 

Geologic distribution.— Tortonian of Austria Hungary (Manzoni). 

Habitat. —Recent, off Florida (Smitt). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68428, 68429, U.S.N.M. 


ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI forma DELICATULA Busk. 1859. 


Plate 11, figs. 5-9. 


1859. Bijlustra delicatula Busk, Monograph fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications Paleontograph- 
ical Society, London, vol. 14, p. 72, pi. 1, figs. 2, 4; pi. 2, fig. 7. 

1869. Biflustra delicatula Manzoni, Bryozoi fossili italiani, Terza contribuzione, Sitzungsberichte 
der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol. 60, Abtheil. 1, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 5. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


(7to = 0.40 mm. 
I lo = 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia jZ 2 = 0.60mm. 
(first of series) | Iz = 0.40 mm. 


Our specimens have very narrow fronds. The mural rim is thick and finely 
tuberous. The cryptocyst is sometimes short, sometimes long. The traces of 
spinous processes are quite frequent. 

The bilamellar form commences in the Helvetian. The variation with large 
crvptocyst is abundant in the Mediterranian Pliocene. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl*':) Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Miocene (St. Marys for¬ 
mation) : Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare). 

Geologic distribution. —Helvetian of St. Avit and Salles (Gironde), of the faluns 
of Touraine (Canu collection). Pliocene (Astian) of England (Busk) and of Italy 
(Manzoni). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68430, 68431, U.S.N.M. 


ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI forma BIFOLIATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 11, fig. 4. 

1904. Membranipora bi/oliata Ulrich and Bas»er, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, 
p. 411, pi. 112, figs. 2, 3, 4. 

There are areal spines. The opesium is surrounded by a sort of salient collar. 
The mural rim is thin. The zoarium is bilamellar. Tubercles at the angles. 

This form is much like forma delicatula and differs only in the absence of the 
cryptocyst and in its thin mural rim. The collar-like structure which surrounds the 
opesium is not constant; it exists sometimes in the unilamellar forms. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones wharf and Cordova, Mary¬ 
land (common). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68432, U.S.N.M. 





34 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


ACANTHODESIA OBLONGULA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 10, figs. 1-3. 


1904. Membranipora oblongula Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, 
Miocene, p. 407, pi. 110, figs. 2-5. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow of little depth, elongated, rectangular; the mural rim is rounded, regular, 
granular, ornamented by two large distal tubercles. The opesium is entire, elliptical, 
finely denticulated and provided with spicules of greater or less length. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


'/to = 0.40 mm. 
lo = 0.15 nun. 


Zooecia- 


Lz = 0.45-0.50 mm. 
lz = 0.25-0.30 mm. 


Variations. —The figures of Ulrich and Bassler are incomplete as the tubercles 
have not been restored fully enough. On Plate 10 we reproduce a better photograph 
of the type (fig. 1). Sometimes the tubercles are joined and form a single large 
distal tuberosity (fig. 2). The micrometric measurements vary according to the 
specimens and even on the same specimen they are irregular. The zooecia giving 
rise to a new series are larger according to the rule in the genus. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Membranipora jiabellata Canu, 1904, in 
the presence of spicules and in the larger micrometric measurements. It differs 
from Acanthodesia savarti Audouin, 1826, in the presence of large distal tubercles. 

Occurrence.- —Miocene (Calvert formation): Plum Point, Reeds, and Chesapeake 
Beach, Maryland (common). Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones wharf, Paw¬ 
paw Point, Dover Bridge, etc., Maryland (rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68433, U.S.N.M. 


ACANTHODESIA RECTANGULARIA, new species. 


Plate 9, fig. 11. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts oyster shells. The zooecia are distinct, 
elongated, rectangular; the mural rim is thin, salient; the cryptocyst is deep, 
short, a little convex. The opesium is large, oval, terminal. 


Measurements. —Opesia- 


ho = 0.35 
lo = 0.20 


mm. 


mm. 


Zooecia- 


\Lz = 0.50-0.55 mm. 
[ Zz = 0.30-0.35 mm. 


Affinities.—On certain isolated zooecia we have been able to observe some 
spines and even traces of the serrate proximal denticle. In spite of appearances 
of our figure, which is incomplete because of the disappearance of the spines, this 
species belongs really to the genus Acanthodesia. It is well characterized by the 
rectangular’form of its zooecia. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, 
Virginia (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68434, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


35 


SECTION II. MEMBRANIPORAE WITH ENDOZOOECIAL OVICELL. 


Genus VIBRACELLINA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 110.) 

VIBRACELLINA PUSILLA, new species. 

Plate 10, figs. 4, 5. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are small, oval, a little 
elongated, distinct, separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is thin, rounded, 
salient, much enlarged at the base into a concave cryptocyst. The opesium is 
anterior, oval, regular. The ovicell is very small and endozooecial. The vibracula 
are small, salient, elliptical, auricular. 

,, , „ \ho = 0.14-0.16 mm. „ . 1 X 2 = 0.30 mm. 

Measurements .—Opesia 7 . „ Zooecia 7 _ ., 

F [7o = 0 . 10 mm. [ 72 = 0.14 mm. 

Affinities. —According to the rule in this genus, the ancestrular zooecia are 
smaller and frequently calcified. The ancestrula engenders five normal zooecia 
and three vibracular ones. In the proximal portion of the zooecia there is often a 
very short gymnocyst. 

This species differs from Membrendoecium rectum Canu and Bassler, 1920, from 
the Yicksburgian in its slightly smaller dimensions, its concave and not flat crypto¬ 
cyst and in its nonsalient mural rim. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, 
Florida (very rare). Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural well, 2 miles southwest of 
Magnolia, North Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68435, 68436, U.S.N.M. 

VIBRACELLINA SIMPLEX, new species. 

Plate 10, figs. 6, 7. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow, elongated, pyriform; the gymnocyst is smooth, convex, rather short; 
the termen is sharp. The opesium is oval, the point above. The ovicell is very 
small and endozooecial. The vibracula are rare, very small, auriculated. The 
ancestrula is calcified and presents a small semilunar aperture. 

^ |7to = 0 . 20 mm. ^ . [Lz = 0.35-0.40 mm. 

Measurements.- 


P eSia [ 7 o = 0.13-0.15 mm. -^ooeciaj ^ = q 25 mm. 

Structure .—The rarety of vibracula give to this species an aspect of great 
simplicity. The heterozooecia appear to be zooecia in which the development has 
been arrested by adjacent zooecia. The ancestrula and three ancestrular zooecia 
are calcified. The hexagonal symmetry in the arrangement of the ancestral zooecia 
is remarkable. Nevertheless, there are really only five zooecia issuing from the 
ancestrula according to the rule, and no vibracula. We have observed calcified 
zooecia and also regenerated zooecia in vicinity of the ancestrula. 

This species differs from Vibracellina pusilla in its larger micrometric dimen¬ 
sions and in the very great rarity of the vibracula. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Choctowliatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 
25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). Miocene (Duplin marl): 
Natural well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, North Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes.— Cat, Nos. 68437, 68438, U.S.N.M. 





36 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus MEMBRENDOECIUM Canu and Bassler, 1917. 


(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 119.) 

MEMBRENDOECIUM PARVICAP1TATUM, new species. 


Plate 12, figs. 1, 2. 


Description. —The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical; the mural rim is thin and rounded. The 
opesium is of the same form as the zooecium. The ovicell is very small, transverse, 
endozooeeial, scarcely salient. A very small triangular avicularium appears some¬ 
times between the zooecia. 


_ \ho= 0.36 mm. 
Measurements. —(Jpesia 7 „ 

1 lo = 0. 26 mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz= 0. 44 mm. 

[ lz = 0. 32-0. 34 mm. 


Variations. —The measurements are very irregular. The regeneration of the 
polypide is very frequent and our figure shows an ovarian zooecium replaced by an 
ordinary one. The mural rim is very finely granulated. The small avicularium is 
quite rare. According to the rule in this genus it is deprived of pivot. 

All of the resemblances of this species are with Callopora guemei, Jullien, 1904, 
and it is close to this latter species that we would have to refer the present new species 
in case additional specimens should show that the small distal elevation of the mural 
rim is not an endozooeeial ovicell. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctowhatehee marl); Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River 
25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden. 
Jamaica (rare). 

Holotype and paratype.— Cat. Nos. 68439, 68440, U.S.N.M. 


MEMBRENDOECIUM GRANDE, new species. 


Plate 11, figs. 10-12. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow of little depth, elongated, large, irregular; the mural rim is thin, bevelled, 
with a sharp termen. The opesium is large, entire, of the same form as the zooecium. 
The ovicell is endozooeeial, small, little salient, transverse. 


,, . ~ ho = 0. 56 mm. 

Measurements. —Opesia 7 - 

1 (o = 0.40 mm, 


Zooecia 


Lz — 0. 70 mm. 
lz= 0. 50 mm. 


Affinities. —This species has the aspect of Membranipora irregularis Manzoni, 
1S75, of the Italian Pliocene, but differs in its larger dimensions (Lz= 0. 70 and not 
0 . 60 mm.) and in the absence of a distal thickening in the form of a turret. It has 
also the general aspect of the recent Membranipora irregularis Smith, 1872; but we 
have noted (see p. 142 of Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum) that the latter is a 
characteristic Alderina ; there is therefore a fundamental difference in the ovicell. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (very rare). 
Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina (rare). 
Recent : Various localities in the Gulf of Mexico. 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68441,68442, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


37 


Genus OGIVALINA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 117.) 

OGIVALINA MUTABILIS Canu and Bassler, 1919. 


Plate 1, fig. 3. 

1919. Ogivalina mutdbilis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bry- 
ozoa, Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 80, pi. 1, fig. 4. 

Description .—The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are elongated, oval, 
distinct, separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is thin, smooth, rounded; there 
is often a small gvmnocyst. The opesium is very large, irregular, more often oval. 
The ovicell is endozooecial, small, little convex. Sometimes there is a small inter- 
zooecial fusiform avicularium (?) 


Measurements .—Opesia 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0. 75-0.95 mm. 
lz — 0. 50-0.70 mm. 


J/io = 0. 60-0 70 mm. 

I lo = 0. 30-045 mm. 

The great irregularity of form and zooecial dimensions of this species occasions 
its name. There are some variations which recall those of Membranipora irregularis 
Manzoni, 1875, 5 which possesses a mural rim enlarged at the base and also some large 
interzooecial avicularia. 

The present species differs from the splendid Ogivalina eximipora Canu and Bas¬ 
sler, 1917, from the Middle Jacksonian in its smaller dimensions, in the absence of 
cryptocyst and in the presence of a gymnocyst. The avicularium (?) is identical in 
form and position. 

Occurrence. -Upper Oligocene (Emperador limestone): Old quarry, one-third 

mile north of west of Empire, Panama Canal zone (rare). Upper Oligocene (Anguilla 
formation): Soutlvwest side Crocus Bay Hill, Anguilla, Leward Islands (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68443, U.S.N.M. 


OGIVALINA PARVULA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 


Plate 12, fig. 6. 

1904. Membranipora parvula Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, Mio¬ 
cene, p. 310, pi. Ill, fig. 1, 2. 

The original description of this species is as follows: 

In its general zoarial and zooecial characters this species resembles Membranipora germana Ulrich 
and Bassler, 1904 and M. plebeia Gabb and Horn, but it is readily distinguished by the smaller size and 
less elongate form of its zooecia. The walls are also relatively thicker while the longitudinal arrangement 
of the zooecia is more pronounced. Measuring longitudinally, 8 zooecia occur in 3 mm. and transversely 
12 may be counted in the same space. 

To the above we would add that there is a small gymnocyst and that the ovicell 
is endozooecial and the avicularium is interzooecial. 

Occurrence —Miocene (Calvert formation): Reed’s Maryland (rare.) 

Holotype.— Cat, No. 68444, U.S.N.M. 


s Briozoi del pliocene antico di Castrocaro Bologna, 1875, p. 10, pi. 1, figs. 5, 8. 







38 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus HINCKSINA Norman, 1903. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 111.) 

HINCKSINA QUADRISPINOSA, new species. 


Plate 33, fig. 10. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a very deep furrow, large, elongated, elliptical; the mural rim is convex, thin, 
granulated, ornamented with four distal, hollow spines. The opesium has the same 
form as the zooecium. The ovicell is endozooecial, very small, scarcely salient. 




Affinities. —The total regeneration of the polvpide is frequent and manifests 


itself, as is customary by a double mural rim. This species differs from Membren- 
doecium grande in the presence of four distal spines. It differs from Membranipora 
echinata D’Orbigny, 1839, in the presence of four (and not six) distal spines and in 


a much smaller ovicell. It differs from Membranipora irregularis D’Orbigny, 1839, 


of which it has the zooecial form, in its endozooecial and very small ovicell. Our 
specimen which showed the ovicell was not in a condition to be photographed. 


Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (rare). 
Holotype. —Cat. No. 68445. U. S. N. M. 


HINCKSINA MULTISPINATA, new species. 

Plate 33, fig. 11. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, elongated, oval or pyriform, provided with a small convex and 
smooth gymnocyst; the mural rim is thick, round, salient and bears 16 to 18 large, 
hollow spines; the opesium is anterior, oval, entire. 




Affinities. —The four distal spines are sometimes smaller and more crowded; 
the others are regularly distributed around the opesium. The figured specimen 
only having been found, we have not been able to verify whether the ovicell is really 
endozooecial; a single zooecium shown in our figure appears to have this character. 
We have observed a case of total regeneration of the polypide. 

This species differs from Membranipora variegata Hincks, 1881, hi having more 
than thirteen spines. It differs from Membranipora echinus Hincks, 1884, in the 
possession of more than two spines in the distal third of the zooecium. It differs 
from Membranipora echinata D’Orbigny, 1839, in having more than six spines. 
It differs from Membranipora pyrula Hincks, 1881, in its smaller dimensions and in 
the presence of a greater number of spines. 


Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare). 
Holotype.—' Cat. No. 68446, U.S.N.M. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


39 


SECTION III. OVICELL HYPERSTOMIAL ALWAYS CLOSED BY THE OPERCULUM. 


Genus MEMBRANIPORIDRA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 133.) 

MEMBRANIPORIDRA PARCA, new species. 


Plate 12, fig. 7. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, regularly elliptical; the frontal is formed of a convex gymnocyst 
principally developed in the inferior part of the zooecium. The opesium is regularly 
elliptical and bears a distal indentation in which the operculum is placed. The 
ovicell is convex, smooth, transverse, placed on the gymnocyst of the distal zooecium ; 
it is always closed by the operculum. 

,, , ~ \ho = 0.30 mm. „ . [Zto = 0.50 mm. 

Measurements .—Opesia 7 . Zooecia 7 . 

1 to = 0.22 mm. to = 0.30 mm. 


Variations. —It is very difficult to interpret the operation of the operculum 
on the fossils. Here the ovicell is indeed separated from the opesium by the mural 
rim, but the superior indentation of the opesium which corresponds to the opercu¬ 
lum is of exactly the same form as the orifice of the ovicell. It is therefore very 
probable that our generic assignment is exact. 

This species rests directly upon the shell and does not secrete a calcareous 
dorsal. This economy of calcite is rather rare in the strata which are not exclusively 
arenaceous. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctowhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68447, U.S.N.M. 


DIVISION IV. OVICELL NEVER CLOSED BY THE OPERCULUM. 


Genus ALDERINA Norman, 1903. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 140.) 

ALDERINA CESTICELLA, new species. 

Plate 12, figs. 4, 5. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, elon¬ 
gated, oval, separated by a deep furrow, ornamented by a short gymnocyst; the 
mural rim is thin; enlarged behind in the form of a cryptocyst, rounded, salient, 
garnished with six to eight large distal spines; the opesium is anterior, oval, sur¬ 
rounded by a salient and finely wrinkled collar. The ovicell is large, salient, 
globular, hemispherical, bearing a large, inferior collar, transverse and linear. The 
ancestrula bears an opesial sinus. 

,, „ . (ho = 0.20-0.25 mm. „ . \Lz = 0.40-0.50 mm. 

Measurements. Opesia| _ 0 , 5_ 0 2 2 mm . Zooecla | fe = 0 .25-0.30 mm. 

Affinities. —This species is irregular in its micrometric measurements, but the 
zooecial form remains always pyriform. The ancestrula is quite remarkable. It 
is elliptical and deprived of spines. It engenders two large and three small zooecia. 
Its opesium bears a deep sinus, the significance of which is unknown. The marginal 



40 


BULLETIN 12o, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


zooecia are larger and become almost triangular. Regenerated zooecia are quite 
frequent. Although the ovicell projects much on the opesium, we think, however, 
that it does not become closed by the operculum. Moreover, the zooecial form is 
that of Alderina imbellis Hincks, 1860. 

This species differs from Membranipora galeata Busk, 1S54, in the presence of 
six to eight distal spines (and not four) and in the absence of a triangular area on 
the ovicell. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural well, 2 miles southwest of Mag¬ 
nolia, Duplin County, North Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68448, U.S.N.M. 

Genus CALLOPORA Gray, 1848. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 145.) 

CALLOPORA DL'MERILII Savigny-Audouin, 1826. 

Plate 1, fig. 2; plate 2, fig. 23; plate 12, fig. 12. 

1826. Flustra dumerilii Audouin, Explication Savignv’s Egypte, Polypes, pi. 10, fig. 12. 

1891. Membranipora dumerilii Waters, North Italian Bryozoa, Quarterly Journal Geological 
Society of London, vol. 47, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 4. 

1814. Membranipora dumerilii Levin-sex, Mosdyr, Zoologies Danica, Hefte 9, p. 57, pi. 4, figs. 22-25. 

1907. Membranipora dumerilii Calvet, Bryozoaires Expeditionscientifique du Tratailleur (1881-82) 
et du Talisman (1883), p. 385 (bibliography). 

1909. Callopora dumerilii Nor ma^ , On the polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands, Linnean 
Society Journal, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 287. 

1912. Membranipora dumerilii Canu, Etude des Bryozoaires Helvetiens de l’Egypt, Memoires de 
l’lnstitute Egyptien, vol. 6, p. 196, pi. 10, fig. 7 (see for complete bibliography). 

1919. Calloporadumerilii, var. lata CANuand Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 

Bryozoa Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 81, pi. 1, fig. 1. 

1920. Callopora dumerilii Canu and Bassler, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bulletin 

106, U. S. National Museum, p. 148, pi. 3, fig. 15. (see for zoological and paleontological 
bibliography). 

This species presents two different aspects. Very frequently the zooecium is 
almost elliptical and there are two symmetrical frontal avicularia (as figured by 
Waters, Levinsen, and Busk). More rarely the zooecium is oval and there is only 
a single small interopesial avicularium (as figured by Hincks and Jullien). One 
specimen from Anguilla has this second aspect which appears to be that of zooecia 
in the vicinity of the ancestrula (pi 1, fig. 2). In 1919 we separated this second 
form as a new variety, var. lata, but until more specimens are collected we now 
prefer to leave the synonymy as above. 

We refer doubtfully to this species two specimens incrusting a shell from the 
lower Miocene of Florida which appear to agree with Busk’s figure of 1850 (pi. 12, 
fig. 12). 

American occurrence. —Oligocene (Anguilla formation): Southwest side of 
Crocus Bay.bluffs, uppermost horizon, 125 feet above sea level, Anguilla, Leeward 
Islands (rare). Jacksonian (Castle Hayne limestone): Wilmington, North Carolina 
(rare). Miocene (Bowden marl); Bowden Jamaica (rare). Miocene (Chipola 
marl): Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida (rare). 

Habitat. —Dredged to a depth of 280 meters. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68449, 68450, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


41 


CALLOPORA PARVIROSTRIS, new species. 

Plate 12, fig. 3. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts the shell of a Pecten. The zooecia are dis¬ 
tinct, separated by a deep furrow, somewhat elongated, ovoid but with irregular 
contours; the mural rim is salient, thin, granular, somewhat enlarged at the base. 
The opesium is of the same form as the zooecium. The ovicell is small, very globu¬ 
lar, smooth, opening below the operculum by a very small orifice. The interzooecial 
avicularium is triangular, suberect, very small with two large condyles for pivots. 


Measurements. —Opesia 


ho = 0.45 mm. 
lo = 0.30-0.35 mm. 


Zooecia 


1,2 = 0.55-0.60 mm. 
lz = 0.45-0.50 mm. 


Affinities. —This species belongs to the C. tenuirostris group in the presence of 
its interzooecial avicularium. It differs from the genotype in its much larger 
micrometric dimensions and in its very small avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Calvert formation): 1 mile south of Parkers Creek, 
Calvert County, Maryland (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68451, U.S.N.M. 


CALLOPORA LANCEOLATA, new species. 

Plate 12 fig. 11. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, elon¬ 
gated, fusiform, adjacent to each other by their mural rim; the mural rim is very 
thin, rounded; a little enlarged at the base; the opesium is elliptical, regular; 
traces of three pairs of spines are visible. The ovicell is large, salient, rectangular, 
garnished in front by a large convex area. The avicularium is placed at the base of 
each opesium; it is large, lanceolate; the beak is very salient and directed toward 
the base. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


„ . (2)2 = 0.60-0.70 mm. 

Zooecia 7 . __ 

£2 = 0.35 mm. 


ho = 0.35 mm. 
lo = 0.20-0.25 mm. 

Affinities. —Above the ovicell the avicularium is frequently divided into two 
smaller, symmetrical avicularia. 

This species differs from Amphiblestrum constrictum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, 
in its much larger avicularia, more elongated zooecia, and in the absence of two 
prominent condyles for the articulation of the operculum. 

Occurrence. —Upper Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of 
Petersburg (rare) and Beulahland, Bang and Queen County, Virginia (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68452, U.S.N.M. 


CALLOPORA CRASSOSPINA, new species. 

Plate 33, fig. 13. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, separ¬ 
ated by a furrow, elongated, oval; the mural rim is thin, round, little salient and 
bears distally six large, hollow spines; the opesium is large, oval, entire. The 
avicularium is interzooecial, long, fusiform, with pointed and salient beak. The 
ovicell is globular, salient, smooth. 

12184—23—Bull. 125- 1 





42 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


,, . r\ ■ /m= 0.30-0.32 mm. 

Measurements. —Opesia 7 „ . 

r \lo = 0.20-0.24 mm. 


r, . Z 2 = 0.40inm. 

Zooecia 7 . on 

{12 = 0.30 mm. 

Affinities. —Our ovicelled specimen was not in a condition for photography, 
but it is well preserved and our generic determination is exact. We have observed 
some calcified and perforated zooecia. 

In the number of spines this species much resembles Membranipora echinata 
D’Orbigny, 1839. It differs from it in its oval opesia and in the presence of the 
interzooecial avicularium. It belongs to the group of Callopora tenuirostris. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68453, U.S.N.M. 

CALLOPORA GUERNEI Jullien, 1903. 

Plate 45, figs. 3, 4. 

1903. Membranipora guernei Jullien, Bryozoaires provenant des Campagnes de VHirondelle (1886- 
1888), Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, fasc. 23, p. 40, pi. 5, 
fig. 3. 


Measurements.- 


~ . (^0 = 0.33 mm. 

^Pesiah 0 = 0 . 20 - 0.25 mm . 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.45-0.50 mm. 


\lz = 0.30-0.38 mm. 

Affinities. —The micrometric measurements noted on Jullien’s figures are a 
little larger than ours; but as these are drawings and not photographs an error is 
always possible. Our specimens have the regularly oval zooecia shown in the 
figures of the French zoologist. Moreover, the interzooecial avicularia are identical 
with those described by Calvet in the same publication, “ils sont de forme ovoide 
a mandibule arrondie, et disposes soit obliquement, soit transversalement par rap¬ 
port au grand axe de zoo6cies.” 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (very rare). 

Habitat. —Gulf of Gascony at 135 meters. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68454, U.S.N.M. 


CALLOPORA FILUM Jullien, 1903. 

Plate 45, fig. 5. 

1907. Membranipora filum Calvet, Bryozoaires, Expedition Scientifique du Travailleur et du Talis¬ 
man, p. 386 (bibliography). 

The ovicell of this species has not yet been described exactly, but Calvet writes 
that there are many ovicells which have the peculiarity of being operculated; that 
they are rather salient, have a semicircular basal contour and are provided with a 
semicircular orifice placed below the zooecial orifice. We believe that there is, 
therefore, no doubt in assigning the species to the genus Callopora, although the 
figure of Smitt, 1872, suggested an endozooecial ovicell. Our specimens are encrust¬ 
ing a coral. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene, Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). 

Habitat. —Northeast of Morocco (714 meters), Cape Verde Islands (110-180 
meters), Azores (80-318 meters), Corse and Florida (21-97 meters). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68455, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


43 


CALLOPORA HORRIDA Hincks, 1880. 

Plate 33, figs. 18, 19. 


1880. Membranipora horrida Hincks, Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa, 
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 6, p. 82, pi. 10, fig. 6. 

1908. Membranipora horrida Robertson, The incrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the West 
Coast of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, No. 5, 
p. 260, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4. 

1898. ?Membranipora cali/orniensis Waters, Observations on Membraniporidae, Journal Linnean 
Society Zoology, vol. 26, p. 681, pi. 49, fig. 14. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.b0 mm. 


ho = 0.28-0.30 mm. 

Zo = 0.16-0.18 mm. = 0.30-0.40 mm. 

Our specimens have two areal spines, sometimes four. They present micro¬ 
metric measurements a little different from those noted on Miss Robertson’s figure; 
it is difficult, however, to admit two distinct species, the other characters being 
very similar. In studying a recent specimen of this species we have been convinced 
that the orifice of the ovicell is very small and can not be closed by the operculum. 

Membranipora cali/orniensis Waters, 1898, presents six articulated areal spines; 
our form is therefore intermediate between Waters’ species and that of Hincks. 

This species differs from Membranipora occultata Robertson, 1908, in shorter 
opesium, and in its larger and differently placed avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Habitat .—Eastern Pacific: Pacific Grove (Robertson) and the Queen Char¬ 
lotte Islands (Hincks). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68456, U.S.N.M. 


CALLOPORA CIRCUMCLATHRATA Hincks, 1881. 

Plate 34, figs. 1-3. 

1881. Membranipora drcumclathrata Hincks, Contribution general history of Marine Polyzoa 7, 
Foreign Membranipora, Annals and Magazine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 8, p. 131 (sep. 
72), pi. 5, fig. 1. 

1908. Membranipora drcumclathrata Robertson, The incrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the 
West Coast of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, p. 259, 
pi. 14, figs. 1, 2. 

Structure .—In this species the ovicell is not closed by the operculum. Not 
only is this quite visible on the fossils but we have been able to verify it on a recent 
specimen dredged off Santa Monica. Sometimes a triangular pore is visible in the 
separating furrow of two zooecia; it is clearly attached to one of the mural rims and 
it is perhaps the base of a pedunculate avicularium as is the genus Cauloramphus. 
We have not observed these pores on our recent specimens. At the base of each 
opesium there is a small triangular avicularium with salient beak placed on the 
median zooecial axis. It sometimes becomes very large and is developed obliquely 
as in Callopora horrida Hincks, 1880. Nevertheless, the presence of wide-spaced 
areolar pores differentiates the two species clearly. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Long Wharf Canyon), California (rare). 

Habitat .—Pacific coast of California. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68457, U.S.N.M. 



44 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

CALLOPORA (?) SPECIOSA Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Plate 9, fig. 13. 

1862. Membranipora speciosa Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary forma¬ 
tions of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, 
p. 159, pi. 20, fig. 45. 

The original description is as follows: 

Colony encrusting in irregular patches, composed of elongated, oval cells, often crowded out of 
their normal shape. Cells arranged in longitudinal lines and in somewhat irregular quincunx, often 
assuming a transverse arrangement; aperture occupying the whole of the surface, cell walls plain, 
angular, at their edge dr slightly rounded. Interior of the cell, regularly concave, with the sides of the 
concavity reaching almost to the top of the walls; in new cellules the germinal plate only is seen. This 
germinal plate often extends for a considerable distance beyond the colony (half an inch) and is marked 
by irregular longitudinal lines, frequently bent suddenly in an oblique direction and then continued 
longitudinally as before. Between the cellules are frequently open angular spaces, caused by the 
inaccurate apposition to the cellules. 

Occurrence. —Miocene: Chiriqui, Central America. 

CALLOPORA (?) MULTIPORA Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Plate 33, fig. 12. 

1862. Siphonella (Fluslrellaria) multipora Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and 
Tertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 
ser 2, vol. 5, p. 154, pi. 21, fig. 38. 

The original description follows: 

Colony free (arranged in a tube in the only specimen we have seen), cellules outside, back, or 
inside of the tube showing the outline of the cellules. Cellules oval, juxtaposed, placed in irregular 
quincunx. Opening larger, occupying nearly the whole surface of the cellule; usually of the same 
shape as the cellule, sometimes having the proximal end wider than the distal end. Cell walls convex 
or flattened; marked by a variable number of pits often surrounded each by a distinct elevation or wall. 
The mouth is sometimes constricted by a small rim, parallel with the ordinary wall, placed inside of, 
and below it. This rim is ornamented in the same manner as the larger one. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Genus AMPHIBLESTRUM Gray, 1848. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 156.) 

AMPHIBLESTRUM CONSTRICTUM Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 13, figs. 1-6. 

1904. Amphiblestrum constrictum Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, 
Miocene, p. 413, pi. 115, figs. 6,, 7; pi. 118, fig. 15. 

The original description is as follows: 

Zoarium forming crusts of small extent upon shells, the types growing on a Pecten. Zooecia 
arranged in rather irregular rows, 6 to 8 in 3 mm. Aperture subovate, more or less constricted in front 
of the midlength, enclosed a sloping and finely striated border, widest posteriorly. Frontal lamina 
very little developed forming the sloping and transversely striated border just mentioned. Ovicells 
abundant, large, moderately convex, the middle portion distinguished by being minutely pitted or 
porous. Avicularia of moderate size, usually one, rarely two to each zooecium. of the same type as in 
A. flemingi but with the apex more prominent. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


45 


This species is closely related to A. flemingi Busk, 1854, and A. trifolium Wood, both living in the 
seas of to-day and known also as fossils from late Tertiary beds of England and Italy. It is distinguished 
from both by the lesser development of the frontal lamina. The constriction of the aperture is usually 
more pronounced in A. constricta. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


ho = 0.30 mm. 
lo = 0.22 mm. 


Zooecia 


|Zz = 0.52-0.54 mm. 
j lz = 0.36 mm. 


Variations .—The cryptocyst is very little developed; it is more like a proximal 
enlargement of the mural rim. By abrasion of the surface, the five dietellae are 
easily visible. The beak of the avicularium is salient and rounded. The two 
salient condyles arranged symmetrically in the opesium are intended to support the 
articulation of the operculum. The ancestrula is orbicular, without spines. It 
engenders one large and three small zooecia; the two groups are separated by two 
large zooecia derived from the small ones. We have observed some calcified zooecia 
perforated by a small median pore. Regenerated zooecia are rare. 

Affinities .—In a recent letter, Mr. Waters remarks that the differences between 
this species and Amphiblestrum flemingi Busk, 1854, are not sufficient to separate 
the two species. It is evident that we have here a difficult problem in specific deter¬ 
mination and that we are not yet able to distinguish the true characters of the species 
from those of a variety. The problem is further complicated by the great zooecial 
variations. 

The micrometric measurements taken on the recent specimens and on those 
from the Helvetian of Touraine and the Tortonian of Eisenstadt, Hungary, are 
always smaller than those of A. constrictum, a character which may be sufficient to 
maintain the American species. The American specimens also appear deprived of 
oral spines. However, the specific name is a small matter if the illustrations are 
good for careful comparisons. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland (rare). 
Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia (rare). 
Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina 
(rare). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68456, 68459, U.S.N.M. 


AMPHIBLESTRUM TENUIPARIETIS, new species. 

Plate 13, fig. 7. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, sepa¬ 
rated by a deep furrow, hexagonal, rounded above; the mural rim is very thin, 
rounded, very finely granulated; the cryptocyst is of little depth, concave, gran¬ 
ular; the opesium is oval, narrowed laterally by two condyles serving for articu¬ 
lation of the opercular valve; it bears a concave or undulated proximal border. 
The avicularium is elliptical, salient, with pointed beak directed below. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


ho = 0.30 mm. 
lo = 0A0 mm. 


Zooecial 


\Lz = 0.55 mm. 
[ lz = 0Ab mm. 


Affinities .—The ancestrula is orbicular, garnished with very small spines, it 
engenders three small and two large zooecia. 

This species is quite close to Amphiblestrum Jlemingi Busk, 1854; it differs 
from it in the absence of gymnocyst, and in the larger ancestrular zooecia. It 


46 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


appears to be the equatorial equivalent. Amphiblestrum Jlemingi is a species from 
the cold and temperate regions; it occurs from the polar circle to the forty-fourth 
parallel in depths where the temperature is from 3.1° to 6.7° C. Our American 
species represent, therefore, the simplification which the warmth of the waters 
may provoke in a species. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68460, U.S.N.M. 


Genus RAMPHONOTUS Norman, 1894. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 163.) 

RAMPHONOTUS ASPERUS, new species. 


Plate 13, figs. 11-13. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells and masses of Stylopoma spongites. 
The zooecia are elongated, distinct, oval, much enlarged at the base; the mural 
rim is thin, much enlarged in the lower part of the cryptocyst, and hears two large 
areal spines and generally four smaller ones; the opesium is anterior, oval, trifo- 
iiated, narrowed laterally by two little salient condyles on which articulates prob¬ 
ably the opercular valve. The ovicell is hyperstomial, salient, globular, orna¬ 
mented by a small transverse area. The avicularium is large, salient, transverse, 
triangular, with beak pointed and thin and placed regularly below each opesium. 

Elongate zooecia: 


Measurements .—Opesia 


7t.o = 0.24 mm. 
7o = 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 
, lz = 0A0 mm. 


Transverse (short) zooecia:. 



7io = 0.18-0.20 mm. 
Zo = 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia 1 


jZ 2 = 0.44 mm. 
[ lz = 0A0 mm. 


Variations .—The zooecia are often short and wide. The number of spines is 
variable and may be eight, but there are always two large hollow spines on the 
ovicelled zooecia. The calcified and perforated zooecia and regenerated zooecia 
are not rare. All of the avicularia are not large and transverse; they are some¬ 
times much reduced and orbicular, especially in the vicinity of the ancestrula. 
The walls are fragile and fossilization gives the species quite variable and curious 
aspects (fig. 12). The dietellae are arranged as in Callopora (fig. 13). 

The presence of species of this genus seems to indicate that in the localities 
where they lived the waters were calm and little rich in diatoms. 

Affinities .—This species differs from Ramphonotus agellus Ulrich and Bassler, 
1904, in its triangular avicularium placed transversely. It differs from Rampho¬ 
notus rhynchota Busk in its very different dimensions and in the presence of more 
than two spines. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Peters¬ 
burg, Yorktown, Beulahland, King and Queen County, 1 mile northeast of Suffolk, 
and other localities in Virginia (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68461, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


47 


BAMPHONOTUS MULTISPINATUS, new species. 
Plate 34, fig. 4. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are oval or elliptical, 
elongated, distinct; separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is wide, salient, 
round, and bears four small distal spines, two large hollow spines at the level of 
the condyles, and a variable number of areal spines; the opesium is anterior, oval, 
trifoliated. On the gymnocyst there is a large avicularium. 


,, i r\ • ^o = 0.24 mm. n • is = 0.40-0.50 mm. 

r [/o = 0.16-0.18 mm. [ lz = 0.28-0.40 mm. 

Affinities. —The two large spines are fixed at the level of the condyles which 
narrow the opesium and which serve for the articulation of the opercular valve. 

This species differs from Ramphonotus asperus in its spines, which are more 
numerous and of two lands. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68462, U.S.N.M. 


BAMPHONOTUS AGELLUS Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 


Plate 13, figs. 8-10. 

1904. Amphiblestrum agellus Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland, Geological Survey, Miocene, 
p. 414, pi. 112, figs. 7a, 76; pi. 118, fig. 14. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, ovoid, much enlarged at their base; the mural rim is thin and 
sharp; the cryptocyst is short, oblique, concave. The opesium is transverse, tri¬ 
foliate, much narrowed at the level of two large spines and of the hinge of the oper¬ 
cular valve. The ovicell is quite salient, globular, smooth, formed of two cal¬ 
careous lamellae the superior one of which is incomplete and limits a small semi¬ 
lunar frontal area. The gymnocyst bears a large very salient oblique avicularium 
with its beak turned toward the base. 


Measurements. —Opesia. 


ho = 0.20 mm. 
lo = 0.22-0.24 mm. 


Zooecia* 


<Lz=0AQ mm. 

Iz = 0.30—0.46 mm. 


Variations. —The original type of the species is incomplete and formed of 
ancestrular zooecia, which in this genus are always much smaller than the normal 
zooecia. Other specimens found at the same horizon in Virginia appear to represent 
the true form of the species. The avicularium is triangular and very salient. On 
account of its oblique arrangement it is very fragile and is not well preserved in 
fossilization. The opesium is elongated in the ancestrular zooecia but transverse 
in the other. 

Affinities. —This species' differs from Ramphonotus minax Busk, 1864, in its 
trifoliate opesium and in its avicularium oriented in the zooecial axes. It differs 
from R. asperus in the presence of two large spines instead of six and in its avicularium 
not arranged transversely. The worn or broken forms of this species are very 
difficult to distinguish. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland (rare); 
Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare). 

Plesiotype —Cat. No. 68463, U.S.N.M. 




48 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Genus CAULORAMPHUS Norman, 1903. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 174.) 
CAULORAMPHUS POROSUS, new species. 

Plate 33, fig. 17. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells and bryozoa. The zooecia are large, 
distinct, separated by a deep furrow, irregularly elliptical; the mural rim is thin 
flat, finely striated, very little enlarged at the base; the opesium is large of the same 
form as the zooecium. Between the mural rims in the separating furrow' there are 
numerous pores (8 to 10) which are bases of pedunculate and articulate avicularia. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


Tio = 0.40-0.44 mm. 
7o = 0.28-0.32 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz — 0.60 mm. 

72 = 0.44-0.50 mm. 


Affinities .—It should be remarked that the pores are not arranged on the mural 
rim where the termen is sharp. There are therefore no hollow spines; but they form 
the base, the place of attachment of pedunculate avicularia which surmount them. 
It is therefore in the genus Cauloramphus that this remarkable species must be 
classified. * 

The avicularia being organs of oxygenation w r e suppose that this species must 
live in absolutely calm waters little rich in diatoms. The incessant agitation of the 
mandibles appears to be intended to renew the impure water and to thus carry 
oxygen and nourishment. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68464, U.S.N.M. 


CAULORAMPHUS TRIANGULARIS, new species. 
Plate 33, figs. 14-16. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells and bryozoa. The zooecia are 
distinct, separated by a wide and deep furrow, elongate, elliptical, with a very short 
proximal gymnocyst; the mural rim is wide, rounded, salient and bears tw'o small 
distal and eight large areal hollow spines placed in the distal half of the zooecium; 
the opesium is elliptical or oval according to the form of the zooecium. The ovicell 
is hyperstomial, globular, ornamented by a semicircular area. In the separating 
furrow with each zooecium there is a small triangular pore which is the base of the 
articulation of a pedunculate and articulate avicularium. 


,, , ~ . \ho = 0.30-0.34 mm. 

Measurements .—Opesia ^ ^ 


mm. 


Zooecia 


i 2 = 0.48-0.52 mm. 
72 = 0.32-0.40 mm. 


Affinities .—The presence of the small exterior avicularium at the line of the 
spines seems to indicate Membranipora ( Cauloramphus) corniculifera Hincks, 1882, 
from the Queen Charlotte Islands. It differs from it in a smaller number of spines 
(less than 18) and in the very different arrangement of distal and areal spines. It 
differs from Cauloramphus spiniferum Johnston in the larger micrometric measure¬ 
ments ( Lz>0A3 mm.), in the presence of less than 12 spines and in the triangular 
form of the pore of the pedunculate avicularium. The two species are evidently 
very close. 

The ancestrular zooecia are smaller than the others. The ancestrula is oval, 
garnished by 12 spines; it engenders three large and three small zooecia. 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


49 


This is the sixth species with large spines found at Santa Barbara, California. 
We are ignorant of the true function of these spines, but there is reason to believe 
that their ensemble forms a trap for diatoms the usual food of bryozoa. The very 
calm waters off California, therefore, obliged these animals to multiply their means 
of capture. 

Occurrence .—Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68465, U.S.N.M. 

Family AETEIDAE Smitt, 1867. 

Genus AETEA Lamouroux, 1812. 

(See Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 179, for discussion.) 

AETEA ANGUINA? Linnaeus, 1758. 

Plate 24, fig. 15. 

To this recent species we have referred doubtfully the creeping network of 
a bryozoan from the Pliocene of South Carolina. Without a more complete zoa- 
rium it is impossible to make a more definite identification, but we figure the speci¬ 
men in order to call attention to fossil bryozoa of this type of structure. The 
geological distribution and other features of this species have been given in our 
Monograph on North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68466, U.S.N.M. 

Family CHAPERIIDAE Jullien, 1888. 

1888. Chaperiidae Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, p. 61. 

The orifice is semilunar, or subcircular, very large, entirely closed by the 
operculum, provided interiorly with one or more calcareous plates serving for 
the insertion of the retractor muscular fibers of the operculum; the frontal is 
deprived of pores. The ancestrula, of the same form as the zooecia, is oval and 
bears some articulated spines on the border. (Translated after Jullien.) 

Genus CHAPERIA Jullien, 1881 (first group). 

1881. Chaperia Jullien, Remarques sur quelques Especes de Bryozoaires Cheilostomiens, Bulletin 
Soci6t6 zoologique de France, vol. 6, p. 61. 

Two internal calcareous plates, with extremities fixed and serving for the 
insertion of the retractor muscular fibers of the operculum. (Translated, after 
Jullien.) 

Type.—Chaperia ( Flustra ) acanthina Quoy and Gaymard, 1824. Range: 
Miocene—Recent. 

The species of this genus corresponding exactly to Jullien’s definition are: 
Chaperia ( Flustra ) acanthina Quoy and Gaymard, 1824; C. ( Amphiblestrum) 
spinosa MacGillivray, 1881; and C. spinosissima Calvet, 1904. 

The ovicell of these forms has never been figured. Jullien alone affirmed 
(but he has given no figure) that the operculum does not close the ovicell. Waters 
and Calvet classify in the same genus a certain number of other forms with concave 




50 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Fig. 3.—Genus Chaperia Jullien, 1881. 

Figs. A-G. Chaperia acanthina Quoy and Gaymard, 1824. 

A. Interior of a zooecium showing the polypide and the retractor muscles of the operculum. These 
are the two enormous muscular bundles which characterize the family Chaperiidae, determining in 
the zooecia the formation of the calcareous lateral plates situated below the orifice. Such plates are the 
most characteristic remains of this anatomical arrangement which existed as far back as the Creta¬ 
ceous period. 

B. A young colony, X 70, treated with ‘‘eau de javelle,” showing the ancestrula with the base of 
the spine of the circumference. In this ancestrula the two lateral funnels which serve for the insertion 
of the retractor muscles of the operculum, can be seen. 

C. Diatoms and radiolaria found in the digestive apparatus of this species, X 216. The radiolarian 
is Dyctioca speculum Ehrenberg, a species encountered in many other brvozoa. 

D. Very young zooecium bearing spines and in the orifice of which the funnels in process of forma¬ 
tion, still unseparated, can be seen. 

E. Zooecia covered over by the ectocyst and bearing marginal spines. (Figs. A-E, after Jullien, 
1888.) 

F. Operculum (after Kirkpatrick, 1890). 








NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


51 


frontal and characterized by the same calcareous lamellae. With our present 
poor state of knowledge of the larva we can not be absolutely certain that this 
single anatomical peculiarity is sufficient to characterize a family. We think, 
therefore, that it is preferable to group in a distinct section these species with 
concave frontal under the same name but placed under the authority of Waters. 

The Cretaceous forms figured by D’Orbigny and Hagenow have already been 
separated under tha name of Hagenowinella Canu, 1900. 

Jullien, who has studied and figured Mernbranipora gdleata Busk, 1852, has 
not classified it in his genus. 

Genus CHAPERIA (Waters, 1898) Levinsen, 1909 (second group). 

1909. Chaperia Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa 
p. 115. 

The original description of this genus by Levinsen follows: 

The distal part of the zooecium is furnished internally with two lateral spaces open towards the 
frontal surface (sometimes coalesced to a single horseshoe shaped one), formed by two plates which 
project from the side walls and converge towards the distal wall. Each distal wall has two multiporous 



Fig. 4. —Genus Chaperia (Waters, 1898) Levinsen, 1909. 

Figs. A-D. Chaperia bilamellata Waters, 1898. A. Specimen, X25, from Port Elizabeth, South 
Africa, showing the principal variations of the avicularia, etc. B. Operculum of the orifice of the 
ovicell, X85. *C. Operculum of the aperture, X85. D. Mandible of the avicularium, X85. (Figs. A- 
D, after Waters, 1898.) 

Fig. E. Chaperia cervicornis Busk, 1852. Zooecia showing the operculum of the aperture and that 
of the ovicell in position (after Hincks, 1881). 

rosette plates [septular plates] and the distal half of each side wall a single one. Hyperstomial free 
ooecia with a completely calcified ectooecium [and a special operculum]. The zooecia, which may 
sometimes have a membraneous opercular valve, sometimes a chitinous compound operculum, are 
generally strongly provided with spines and have often a well-developed [concave] cryptocyst. Avicu¬ 
laria sometimes trumpet shaped, not always present. The colonies are generally incrusting. 

Type.—Chaperia bilamellata Waters, 1898. 

To this genus belong the following species: 

Chaperia ( Amphiblestrum ) cristata Busk, 1884. 








52 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Chaperia ( Membranipora) annulus Manzoni, 1875 ( Chaperia galeata Busk, 
1852) 

Chaperia ( Membranipora ) cervicornis Busk, 1852. 

Chaperia ( Electro) cylindracea Busk, 1884. 

Chaperia ( Membranipora) albispina MacGillivray, 1882. 

Chaperia ( Amphiblestrum ) capensis Busk, 1884. 

Chaperia palulosa Waters, 1904. 

Chaperia tropica Waters, 1909. 

Chaperia galeata Busk, 1852. 

Chaperia bilamellata Waters, 1898. 

In this list given by Levinsen there is not a single species recognized as iden¬ 
tical with the genotype of Jullien. The best known species of this group is Chap¬ 
eria galeata Busk, 1852. The best figures have been drawn from the fossils. The 
only good figures of the recent specimens have been given by Jullien, 1888, which 
have not the characteristic lamellae. On the contrary, Chaperia bilamellata Waters, 
1898, has been perfectly drawn with its chitinous appendages. Levinson classified 
this genus in the Bicellariidae. 

CHAPERIA GALEATA Busk, 1852. 

Plate 34, figs. 8-10. 

1852. Membranipora galeata Busk, Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in British Museum, Cheilostomata, 
pt. 2, p. 62, pi. 65, fig. 5. 

1870. Membranipora annulus Manzoni, Briozoi fossili Italiani, Quarta contribuzione, Sitzungs- 
berichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 61, Abth. 1, p. 7, 
pi. 1, fig. 6. 

1875. Membranipora annulus Manzoni, I Briozoi del pliocene antico di Castrocaro, p. 12, pi. I, fig. 9. 

1877. Membranipora annulus Manzoni, Bryozoaires du pliocene superieur, de Pile de Rhodes, 
Memoirs de la Socidtd Gdologique de France, ser. 3, vol. 1, Mem. No. 2, p. 62. 

1879. Membranipora galeata Busk, Polyzoa from Kerguelen Island, Philosophical Transactions 
Royal Society London, vol. 168, p. 195. 

1879. Membranipora annulus Seguenza, Le formazioni terziarie nella Provincia di Reggio (Cal¬ 
abria), Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Memorie della Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Mate- 
matiche e Naturali, ser. 3, vol. 6, pp. 80,198, 294, 328. 

1882. Membranipora jlentata Waters, Fossil Bryozoa from Mount Gambier, South Australia, 
Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, vol. 38, p. 263, pi. 8, fig. 14. 

1884. Membranipora galeata Busk, Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger (1873- 
1876), Pt. I, vol. 10, pt. 30, p. 64. 

1884. Amphiblestrum cristatum Busk, Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger 
(1873-1876), Pt. I, vol. 10, pt. 30, p. 63, pi. 15, fig. 1. 

1887-. Membranipora annulus Waters, Tertiary Chilostomatous Bryozoa from New Zealand, Quar¬ 
terly Journal Geological Society, vol. 43, p. 47, pi. 6, figs. 2, 5, 9. 

1887. Membranipora annulus Pergens, Pliocane Bryozoen von Rhodes, Annalen des k. k. natur- 

historischen Hofmuseums, vol. 2, p. 17. 

1888. Membranipora galeata Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, 

p. 75, pi. 5, figs. 6, 8. 

1891. Membranipora annulus Neviani, Briozoi postpliocenici del sotto suolo di Livorno, Bollettino 
della Societia Geologica Italiana, vol. 10, p. 116. 

•1895. Amphiblestrum annulus MacGillivray, Monograph of Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, Trans¬ 
actions Royal Society Victoria, vol. 4, p. 43, pi. 6, fig. 3. 

1895. Membranipora galeata Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Famesina e Monte Mario pressoRoma, 
Palaeontographica Italica, vol. 1, p. 96 (sep. 20), no. 10. 


i 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 53 

1895. Membranipora galeata Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d’Italia, Boilettino della 

Society Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 233 (sep. 9), 1896; vol. 5, pt. 3, 
p. 121 (sep. 20). 

1896. Membranipora galeata Neviani, Briozoi Postpliocenici di Spilinga (Calabria), Atti Acca- 

demia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 14. 

1898. Membranipora galeata Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d’ltalia, Boilettino de la 
Societa Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, vol. 7, pt. 4, p. 4; pt. 5, pp. 4, 6, 13 (sep.); 1900, 
pt. 6, p. 66 (sep. 9). 

1898. Chaperia annulus Waters, Observations on Membraniporidae, Journal Linnean Society 
Zoology, vol. 26, p. 673. 

1898. Chaperia annulus, variety bilaminata Waters, Observations on Membraniporidae, Journal 
Linnean Society, Zoology, vol. 26, p. 673, pi. 47, figs. 5. 8, 9. 

1901. Membranipora galeata Neviani, Bryozoi neogenici delle Calabrie, Paleontographia italica, 
vol. 6, p. 152. 

1904. Membranipora galeata Calvet, Bryozoen, Ergebnisse der Hamberger Magalhaensiche Sam- 
melreise, 1892, 1893, vol. 3, p. 10. 

1908. Chaperia galeata Cane, Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de l’Argentine, Pt. I, Analea 

del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. 17, p. 262, pi. 3, figs. 13, 14. 

1909. Chaperia galeata Calvet, Bryozoaires, Expedition Antarctique Francaise, Sciences Naturelles, 

p. 17. 

Historical. —Waters cleared up the principal characters of this species; he 
made known its structure and showed its identity with the fossil Membranipora 
annulus Manzoni of the Miocene. The complete bibliography which we give 
above, resulted from his work. 

The name galeata is the oldest, but from the description and figure in the British Museum Catalogue 
identification has not been made, and I should not have recognized it as a synonym without an examina¬ 
tion of the Museum specimen. (Waters, 1908.) 

\ 

However, in 1888 Jullien believed he had rediscovered Busk’s species; he 
gave an excellent figure, but he did not classify it in his genus Chaperia. Jullien 
appeared to be mistaken, since Waters did not cite his work at all in the synonymy. 
On the other hand, Calvet, 1904, who had studied numerous specimens, rectified 
the omission of Waters. The fossil specimens of the Canu collection have never 
the aspect shown in Jullien’s figures. 

Affinities. —The number of spines varies from four to six. The zooecia in a 
circle are the ancestrular zooecia. It is remarkable that the genus Chaperia 
widespread in both hemispheres since the Miocene has emigrated into the Southern 
Hemisphere. 

We do not believe that the entire synonymy adopted above is exact; there 
are certainly many species confounded under this name. Even in Italy under the 
name of Chaperia annulus the authors appear to have confused at least two species. 
Notably our specimens from Farnesina are absolutely distinct from those (and they 
are quite numerous) which we have collected in the Pleistocene of Palermo. But 
all these species are so variable that it is very difficult to find constant characters. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare). Santa Monica 
(Rustic Canyon), California (very rare). 

Geological distribution. —Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza); Zanclean of Italy 
(Seguenza); Entrerrian of Patagonia (Canu); Miocene of Australia (Waters); 
Pliocene of New Zealand (Waters); Plaisancian of Italy (Manzoni, Neviani); 




54 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Astian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani); Sicilian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani); Post 
Pliocene of Italy (Neviani). 

Habitat. —Kerguelen Islands (42 meters); Malouines Islands (6 to 16 meters); 
Bare Orange, Smiths Strait (12 to 27 meters); Straits of Magellan (16 meters); 
Southern Tierra delle Fuego (11 meters); Port Charcot (40 meters); Booth Wandel 
Island (30 meters); station 320 of the Challenger, near Montevideo (960 meters). 
The varieties bilaminata and multijida have been found in the Indian Ocean and at 
the Cape of Good Hope, the latter at a depth of 720 meters. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68467, U.S.N.M. 

CHAPERIA CAMINOSA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 14, figs. 2-4. 

1904. Membranipora caminosa Ulrich and Bassler', Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, 
Miocene, p. 409, pi. Ill, figs. 3, 4. 

Ulrich and Bassler’s original description follows: 

Zoariura adnate, forming a thin, single sheet of indefinite extent. Zooecia arranged quincunciallv, 
6J measuring longitudinally and 1\ to 84 diagonally, in 3 mm. Opesia subcircular, separated by one- 
half to two-thirds their diameter; when the ooecium is wanting, a rim-like border encloses the anterio- 
half of the opening. Ooecia very high, with a rib across the top, and just in front of the latter a promi¬ 
nent chimney-like tube or hollow spine projecting obliquely over the zooecium next above. When 
the ooecium is broken away a semiovate or quadrangular concave 6pace is uncovered between the ends 
of following zooecia. The hollow tubule behind the zooecial aperture is always present, but it is 
usually worn down so as to appear as merely a thick-rimmed pore. Where the zooecial arrangement 
is irregular or changed, a second or even a third tubule, each directed forward, may occur between the 
three zooecia. 

This species is a perfectly characterized Chaperia. We reproduce figures of 
the types corrected with more care. Above each zooecium there is a very constant, 
small, erect, triangular avicularium with its beak above. A large pedunculate 
avicularium appears in a corner of the cryptocyst; it is almost always broken and 
appears only as a very irregular pore. There are four large distal articulated 
spines. We have from the Pleistocene of Palermo (Sicily) a variety of Chaperia 
annulus Manzoni, 1875, very close and which presents also a very constant, small, 
distal, triangular avicularium. The present species differs from it in the presence 
of the large, pedunculate avicularium, and its ovicell not smooth and formed of 
two thick, separable calcareous layers and in the triangular avicularium placed on 
the ovicell. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68469, U.S.N.M. 

CHAPERIA PARVISPINA, new species. 

Plate 14, fig. 1. 

The figured specimen is the only one which has been found. It incrusts an 
oyster shell and is too incomplete to permit an exact description. However, the 
complete absence of large distal articulated spines is a specific character which 
amply justifies the establishment of a new species. They are replaced by a variable 
number of minute and very fragile spines. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


55 


Measurements. —Opesiaj^ 0 mm ' 

r {to = 0.26 mm 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.40-0.50 mm. 
1 Iz = 0.40 mm. 


Occurrence .—Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68470, U.S.N.M. 


Family FARCIMINARIIDAE Busk, 1852. 

Genus NELLIA Busk, 1852. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 195.) 

NELLIA OCULATA Busk, 1852. 

Plate 2, figs. 5-7. 

1816. Farcimia tenella Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vert^bres, vol. 2, pi. 2, 
figs. 26, 27. 

1816. Cellaria tenella Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vert&bres, ed. 1, p. 135. 

1834. Cellaria tenella Blainville, Manuel d’Actinologie ou de Zoophytologie, p. 455. 

1850-1852. Cellaria tenella D’Orbigny, Paleontologie Francaise: Terrain Cr4tace, vol. 5, p. 28. 
1852. Nellia oculata Busk, Catalogue Marine Polyzoa, British Museum, Pt. I, Cheilostomata, p. 18, 
pi. 64, fig. 6; pi. 65, fig. 4. 

1873. Nellia oculata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, Pt. II: Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens 
Handlingar, vol. 10, no. 11, p. 3, pi. 1, figs. 53, 54. 

1880. Nellia oculata MacGillivray in McCoy’s Prodomus of the Zoology of Victoria, vol. 1, decade 5, 

p. 51, pi. 49, fig. 5. 

1881. Nellia oculata Haswell, On some Polyzoa from the Queensland coast, Proceedings Linnean 

Society New South Wales, vol. 5, p. 36. 

1884. Nellia oculata Busk, Report on Polyzoa collected by the Challenger, vol. 10, pt. 30, p. 27. 
1887. Nellia oculata Hincks, On the Polyzoa and Hydroida of the Mergui Archipelago, Journal 
Linnean Society, Zoology, vol. 21, p. 121. 

1887. Farcimia oculata Waters, Bryozoa from New South Wales, etc., Annals and Magazine Natural 
History, ser. 5, vol. 20, p. 92. 

1909. Nellia tenella Levinsen, Morphologic and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous 
Bryozoa, p. 120, pi. 1, fig. 13 (ovicell). 

1919. Nellia oculata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 

Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 82, pi. 2, figs. 5-7. 

1920. Nellia oculata Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, 

Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 196, pi. 82, figs. 6-10. 

Small fragments of this delicate bryozoan occurring in the Bowden horizon of 
Santo Do min go are quite sufficient for the determination of the species in the 
American Miocene. The dimensions of the opesium are not equal on the four 
sides, one of which is often larger than the others. The authors are not in accord 
as to the name which should be given to this species. We have adopted that of 
Busk. The species is discussed on page 196 of our monograph on North American 
Early Tertiary Bryozoa, where a more detailed bibliography is given the above 
references being additional ones. 

Occurrence .—Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo 
Domingo (rare). 

Geological distribution .—Vicksburgian of Mississippi; Lutetian of the environs 
of Paris (Canu); Helvetian of Egypt (Canu); Miocene of Australia (Waters). 
Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68471, U.S.N.M. 




56 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Family OPESIULIDAE Jullien, 1888. 


Genus FLORIDINA Jullien, 1881. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, TJ. S. National Museum, p. 219.) 


FLORIDINA PYRIPORA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 1, fig. 1. 


1919. Floridina pyripora Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 82, pi. 2, fig. 2. 


The few specimens of this incrusting species which have been collected in the 
Leeward Islands seem hardly sufficient for the description of a new Floridina, 
because polymorphism is the rule in this genus; but we believe more specimens 
will prove this to be a good species. The polypidian convexity is little salient; 
the opesiules are large and poorly defined; the lateral apophyses are very little 
salient; the general aspect of the opesium is pyriform. The ovicell is endozooecial, 
smooth, and salient. 


Measurements .— 


Opesia (including opesiules) 


ho = 0.20 mm. 
lo = 0.22 mm. 


. lLz = 0.48 — 0.50 mm. 

Zooecia j i 2 = 0 40-0.44 mm. 

Floridina antiqua Smitt, 1872, a recent species in the Gulf of Mexico, is 
marked by large lateral denticles and by small opesiules, giving it a quite different 
aspect. 

Occurrence. —Oligocene (Antigua formation): Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward 
Islands (rare). Oligocene (Anguilla formation): Southwest side of Crocus Bay, 
Anguilla, Leeward Islands (rare). 

Holotype.— Cat. No. 68472, 68473, U.S.N.M. 


FLORIDINA FUSIFERA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 


Plate 1, fig. 5. 

1919. Floridina fmifera Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa. 
Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 83, pi. 1, fig. 3. 


Description. —The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are hexagonal; the 
cryptocvst is larger than the opesium; it is of little depth and is finely granulated; 
the opesium is trifoliate; the lateral apophyses are very salient; the opesiules 
are large and rounded; the polypidian convexity is very salient and convex. 
The onychocellarium is large, somewhat constricted laterally, and is provided with 
a very large orifice. Here and there are small fusiform avicularia. 


Measurements .— 



ho = 0.20 mm. 

Zo = 0.18 — 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia* 


\Lz= 0.50 mm. 
lz = 0A0 mm. 


= 0.30 by 0.20 mm. 

1 = 0.60 by 0.36 mm. 

There are only four zooecia intact on the single zoarium obtained. The 
presence of small fusiform avicularia has appeared to us sufficient to justify the 
creation of this species, this feature never having been observed in the genus. 

Occurrence. —Oligocene (Antigua formation): Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward 
Islands (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68474, U.S.N.M. 


Onychocellaria 


Opesium 

Zooeciun 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


57 


FLORIDINA REGULARIS, new species. 


Plate 14, fig. 7, 8. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells and consists of one or two super¬ 
posed lamellae. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, little elongated, 
hexagonal, regular; the cryptocyst is smooth, somewhat concave, limited laterally 
by two convergent grooves which end at the opesiules. The apertura is orbicular 
and forms the distal part of the trifoliate opesium; the polypidian convexity is 
limited laterally by two linear opesiules. The ovicell is little salient and endo- 
zooecial. The onychocellarium is fusiform; its beak is very salient on the zooecial 
plane; its opesium is anterior. 


Measurements (maximum). 


Opesia 


ho = 0.15 mm. 
, lo = 0.12 mm. 


Zooecia 


[Z ,2 = 0.40 mm. 
[ lz = 0.35 mm. 


Affinities. —The marginal zooecia are elongated; the central zooecia are 
transverse. 

This species differs from Floridina antique Smitt, 1872, in its onychocellarium 
with salient beak of a different form. It differs from Floridina parvicella in its 
larger micrometric measurements. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (common). 
Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina (com¬ 
mon). Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia (rare). 

Holotype and paratype. —Cat. Nos. 68475, 68476, U.S.N.M. 

FLORIDINA PARVICELLA, new species. 


Plate 31, fig. 12. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are small, hexagonal, 
little elongated, distinct but with adjacent mural rims; the opesium is trifoliate; 
the anterior part of aperture is elongate or elliptical; the polypidian convexity is 
wide and limits two linear and transverse opesiules. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


ho = 0.10 mm. 
lo = 0.07 mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.38 mm. 
1 Iz = 0.30 mm. 


Affinities. —This species is sufficiently characterized by its small dimensions. 
It differs again from Floridina regularis in the absence of a furrow separating the 
zooecia. 

The genus Floridina has been observed in the Cretaceous formations of north¬ 
ern Europe. It has, therefore, in the course of the geologic ages migrated slowly 
toward the Equator. The Waccamaw marl is its last known stage in America. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (very rare). 

Holotype.—Cat. No. 68477, U.S.N.M. 


FLORIDINA MINIMA, new species. 


Plate 14, fig. 6. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow, very small, hexagonal or ogival; the mural rim is wide, convex, little 
salient, very finely granulated; the cryptocyst is of little depth, somewhat convex 
* 12184—23—Bull. 125-5 



58 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


and finely granulated. The opesium is elliptical, elongated; the opesiular indenta¬ 
tions are large, rectilinear, oblique, limited by a concave proximal border. The 
ancestrula is very small. 


Measurements. —Opesia 


ho = 0.12 mm. 
Jo =0.07 mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.35 mm. 
I Iz =0.30 mm. 


Affinities. —On our type specimen we have observed neither onychocellaria nor 
ovicells. This is the smallest species of Floridina known. It differs from Floridina 
parvicella in its zooecia separated by a deep furrow and in its smaller opesial di¬ 
mensions. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of 
Magnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina (rare). 

Holotype.— Cat. No. 68478, U.S.N.M. 


Genus VELUMELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 213.) 

VELUMELLA ELONGATA, new species. 

Plate 14, fig. 5. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow, large, elongated, ogival; the mural rim is thin, rounded, granulated, 
salient; the cryptocyst is shallow, flat, granulated. The opesium is large, semilunar; 
the opesiular indentations are of little depth, rounded, almost symmetrical. The 
onychocellarium is large, elongated, straight, acuminate or elliptical; its opesium 
is median, elongated, elliptical. 


,, . r, . \ho = 0.20-0.25 

e \lo =0.20-0.25 
Opesium of(7m = 0.35 mm. 
onychocellarium [In =0.15 mm. 


mm. 


mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.55—0.65 mm. 
I Iz =0.35-0.40 mm. 


Onychocellarium 


Lon = 0.55-0.65 mm. 
Ion =0.35 mm. 


Affinities. —In its general aspect, the relations, of its dimensions and its frontal 
granulations, this species much resembles Vincularia ahyssicola Hincks, 1881 (not 
Smitt, 1872), from Singapore or the Philippines. It differs from it simply in the 
absence of lateral facets to the cryptocyst; that is to say, in the peculiarity charac¬ 
terizing Smittipora. The on} T chocellaria are not fusiform as in Rectonychocella and 
Diplopholeos. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Dyplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of 
Magnolia, North Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68479, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MICROPORA Gray, 1848. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 234.) 


MICKOPORA CORIACEA Esper, 1794. 


1862. Reptescharellina disparilis Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary 
formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, ser. 2, 
vol. 5, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 29. 

1912. Micropora coriacea Barroso, Briozoos de la Estacion de Biologia maritima de Santander, 
Instituto nacional de Ciencias Fisico naturales, p. 21. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


59 


1917. Micropora coriacea Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France, Bulle¬ 
tin de la Soci4t4 G4ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 16, p. 135 (cites bibliography). 

1920. Micropora coriacea Canu and Bassler, Monograph Early Tertiary Bryozoa of North 
America, Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 235, pi. 4, figs. 20-22. 

The only known occurrence in American post Oligocene strata of this well- 
known recent and fossil bryozoan is in the Pleistocene rocks of California, where it 
received the name of Reptescharellina disparilis Gabb and Horn, 1862. The species 
is discussed on page 235 of our volume on the North American Early Tertiary 
Bryozoa, where a more complete bibliography is given. 

Occurrence. —Midwayan, Jacksonian, and Vicksburgian of the United States 
Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68480, U.S.N.M. 

Genus SELENARIA Busk, 1854. 

1S54. Sclenaria Busk, Catalogue marine Polyzoa, pt. 2, p. 101. 

The ovicell is endozooecial; it appears on the surface of the colony as low, 
rounded, pent-roof shaped swellings. The crvptocyst is perforated by the opesiules 
or limited by the opesiular indentations. The opesium is irregular. The opercular 
valve is limited by the distal part of the zooecial mural rim. Porous vibracula are 
disseminated among the zooecia. The zoarium is discoid and cupuliform; its inner 
surface is perforated by numerous pores. No spines. 

Genotype.—Selenaria maculata Busk, 1854. 

Range .—Claibornian to Recent. 

According to Levinsen, who wrote in 1909: 

The vibracula are an arched frontal surface perforated by numerous pores or by slits. A high ribbon¬ 
shaped lamina issuing from the one lateral margin in the distal part of the vibracularian chamber stretches 
over toward the opposite margin and not far from this bends inward toward the basal surface. It 
serves no doubt for the attachment of the flagellum. Distal wall with two multiporous septules, and the 
distal half of each lateral wall with a single one. Lateral walls are common to the contiguous neigh¬ 
boring zooecia. 

SELENARIA AURICULARIA, new species. 

Description. —The zoarium is a Lunulites form of 6 mm. in diameter. The 
zooecia are distinct, separated by a salient and wide mural rim, hexagonal, regular 
or transverse; the cryptocyst is deep, flat, smooth, and perforated by two large equal 
opesiules symmetrically arranged. The apertura is elliptical and transverse. The 
vibracula are very large, auriform, terminated by a short, hooked, small canal. 
The inner side is perforated by numerous pores regularly arranged on the inner layer 
and very irregularly disposed on the outer central layer. 

Variations. —The zooecia are very irregular in size and we have not been able 
to discover any constant micrometric measurements. The apertura is likewise 
irregular in its measurements. The vibracula are larger at the periphery than at the 
center. The opesiules alone are of the same diameter on all the zooecia. 

Affinities. —The form of the opesiules is quite variable in the genus Selenaria. 
They are perforated (as in our American species) in S. parvipunctata Maplestone, 
1904; S. bimorphocella Maplestone, 1904; and S. magnipunctata Maplestone, 1904. 
They are formed by deep lateral indentations in S. maculata Busk, 1862. They 




60 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


are transformed into simple, lateral, irregular sinuosities in S. cupola Tenison Woods, 
1879; S. concinna Tenison Woods, 1879; S. marginata Tenison Woods, 1879; and 
S. otwayensis Maplestone, 1904. They are very little visible in S. nitida Maple- 
stone, 1909, and S. flagellifera Maplestone, 1910. The inner face of all the species 
is porous except in 5. marginata Tenison Woods, 1879. 

Our American species differs from the known forms only in the auriculate form 
of vibracula. This difference can not form a generic character; first, because the 
function is the same; second, because porous and cribriform vibracula have been 
observed in the genus CosQinopleura Marsson, 1885, which belongs to another quite 
distinct family; third, because auriform vibracula analogous to those of our species 
may be observed in the genus Otionella Canu and Bassler, 1917, which does not 
appear to be opesiulated; fourth, because the large auriform vibracula are pos¬ 
sibly porous vibracula which have lost their frontal. There are specimens of Sele- 



Fig. 5.—Genus Selenaria Busk, 1854. 

A-C. Selenaria auricularia, new species. 

A. Zoaria, natural size. 

B, C. Noncelluliferous and celluliferous sides, X20. 

Eocene (Claibornian); Claiborne, Alabama. 

naria maculata in the National Museum Collections provided with analogous auricu¬ 
late vibracula. 

Occurrence. —Eocene (Claibornian) Gosport sand; Claiborne, Alabama (rare). 
Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68481, U.S.N.M. 

Family THALAMOPORELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909. 

Genus MANZONELLA Jullien, 1888. 

1888. Manzonella J ullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, p. 79. 
Opesiules well formed, sometimes multiple. Opesium terminal in the form of 
an orifice. (After Jullien.) 

Genotype.—Manzonella ( Membranipora ) exilis Manzoni, 1869, Pliocene. 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


61 


Genus WOODIPORA Jullien, 1888. 


1888. Woodipora Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, p. 79. 
Cryptocyst entirely developed; two regular opesiules; opesium with rounded 
contour. (After Jullien.) 

Genotype .— Woodipora ( Membranipora ) holostoma (Wood), Pliocene. 

Genus THALAMOPORELLA Hincks, 1887. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 268.) 

THALAMOPORELLA GRANULATA Levinsen, 1909. 


Plate 2, fig. 14. 


1909. Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilos- 
tomatous Bryozoa, p. 188, pi. 6a, figs. 1, 2; pi. 6, fig. 5. 

1914. Thalamoporella granulata Osburn, The bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publica¬ 
tion Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 182, p. 197, fig. 8. 

1919. Thalamoporella granulata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West 
Indies, Bryozoa, Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 88, pi. 2, fig.14. 



A. Thalamoporella 




C .Woodipora 


Fig. 6.—Genera of the family Thalamoporellidae Levinsen, 1909. 

A. Thalamoporella rozieri Audouin, 1826, X25 (after Waters, 1908). 

B. Manzonella exilis Manzoni, 1870 (after Manzoni, 1870, and Neviani, 1895). 

C. Woodipora holostoma Busk, 1859, X25. 


„ (^0 = 0.16-0.18 mm. 

Measurements .—(Jpesia , „ . a „ . D 

r to = 0.16-0.18 mm. 


r/ . [is = 0.80 mm. 
Zooecia ' n CA 

\Lz =0.50 mm. 


Affinities .—We possess only a small fragment consisting of two zooecia; we are 
not certain therefore of our determination, as this has been made almost entirely on 
the micrometric measurements. The opesium is oval, the point above; the cryp¬ 
tocyst is granulated; the mural rim has a width of 0.08 mm. and is granulated 
transversally. 

Occurrence .—Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Gurabo, Santo Domingo 
(rare). 

Habitat .—Andaman or Nicobar Islands? (Levinsen); Tortugas Islands, Florida 
(Osburn). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68482, U.S.N.M. 









62 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


THALAMOPORELLA BIPERFORATA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 6, figs. 10-15. 

1919. Thalamoporella biperforata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 88, pi. 6, figs. 10-15, 

Description. —The zoarium is bilamellar. The zooecia are elongate, distinct 
rectangular; the mural rim is thin, salient, bevelled, and bears two hollow tubercles 
on each side of the aperture. The cryptocyst is deep, flat, ornamented with large 
widely spaced pores and with numerous small pores closely placed together; the 
opesiules are very large, far distant from the apertura, placed symmetrically, but 
very unequal in size. The apertura is transverse, oval; the proximal border is 
always concave and the polypidian tube is limited by two small lateral indentations. 
The reticulocellarium is large, quite elongate; its cryptocyst is perforated by two 
opesiules; the opesium bears two lateral denticles serving as pivot to the corneous 
mandible. 

,, . „ . , f ho = 0.10-0. 12 mm. 

Measurements. —Opesium ot zooecium. , . , . 

r [ to = 0.14 mm. 


Zooecium 


Lz = 0.54-0.60 mm. 
lz = 0.34-0.40 mm. 


Opesium of onychocellarium. 


hon = 0.24 mm. 
Ion = 0.12 mm. 


Onychocellarium 


\Lon = 0.90 mm. 
| Ion = 0.30 mm. 


Affinities .—The oral tuberosities are quite variable in size; they are often 
replaced by two fossettes. 

This species is characterized by its onychacellarium, which resembles that of 
Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen, 1909, figured by Osburn, 1914. It differs, 
however, in the very different oval form of its apertura and in the presence of oral 
tuberosities. In its tuberosities this species is quite close to Thalamoporella rozieri 
Savigny-Audouin, 1826. It differs from it in the form of its onychocellarium pro¬ 
vided with two opesiules, which are not figured by Levinsen in the numerous draw¬ 
ings which he has given. 

Occurrence .—Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Rio Cana and 
Rio Gurabo, Santo Domingo; and Bowden, Jamaica (common). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68483, 68484, U.S.N.M. 


Family STEGANOPORELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909. 

Genus STEGANOPORELLA Smitt, 1873. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 259.) 
STEGANOPORELLA PARVICELLA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 6, figs. 6-9. 

1919. Steganoporella parvicella Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publication of the Carnegie Institution No. 291, p. 89, pi. 6, figs. 6-9. 

Description .—The zoarium is unilamellar incrusting algae or bryozoa. The 
zooecia are distinct, elongate, separated by a shallow furrow; the mural rim is thin, 







XORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


63 


salient, finely granular. The cryptocyst is finely porous; the opesium is irregular or 
semilunar, a little elongate; the polypidian tube forms a rectangular surface, salient 
and excentric between the two dissimilar opesiular indentations. The large zooecia 
(B) are provided with a wide distal floor, and the polypidian tube is almost median. 

,, . r\ • t n / \ • (/to = 0.34-0.36 mm. 

Measurements. —Opesium of small (a) zooecia.. 7 _ 

r fo = 0.16-0.30 mm. 


Small (a) zooecia_ 

Opesium of large (B) 
Large (B )zooecia_ 


(is = 0.50-0.76 mm. 
j fe = 0.50 mm. 

/io = 0.24-0.30 mm. 
lo = 0.36-0.40 mm. 
Lz= 1.00-1.10 mm. 
Iz = 0.44—0.56 mm. 


Affinities. —The dimensions are quite variable, but they are always smaller than 
those of Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854, which this species resembles in all 
its other characters. 



A. Steganoporella B. Siphonoporella 

Fig. 7.—Genera of the family Steganoporellidae Levinsen, 1909. 

A. Steganoporella Smitt, 1873. S. magnilabris Busk, 1852. Recent. (After Harmer, 1900.) 

B. Siphonoporella Hincks, 1880. S. delicatissima Busk, 1840, X40. Recent. (After Levinsen, 
1909.) 


Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Do¬ 
mingo (rare) and Bowden, Jamaica (common). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68485, 68486, U.S.N.M. 

STEGANOPORELLA MAGNILABRIS Busk, 1854. 

Plate 14, figs. 12, 13. 

1854. Membranipora magnilabris Busk, Catalogue Marine Polyzoa, British Museum, pt. 2, 
Cheilostomata, p. 62, pi. 65, fig. 4. 

1872. Steganoporella elegans Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count Pourtales, Pt. I, Kongl. 
Svenska Yetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, No. 11, p. 15, pi. 4, figs. 96-101. 

1890. Steganoporella magnilabris Harmer, A revision of the Genus Steganoporella, Quarterly 
Journal Microscopical Science, vol. 43, p. 279, pi. 12, fig. 10; pi. 31, figs. 44-46 (cites bibli 
ography). 

1909. Steganoporella magnilabris Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilo- 
stomatous Bryozoa, pp. 167, 168. 








64 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


1913. Steganoporella magnilabris Waters, Bryozoa from Zanzibar, Proceedings Zoological Society, 

London, p. 498, pi. 72, figs. 12-20 (cites bibliography). 

1914. Steganoporella magnilabris Osburn, The bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publi¬ 

cation Carnegie Institute, Washington, No. 182, p. 196. 


Measurements. —Apertura of small (a) zooecia.. 


Jfta- 0.42-0.44 
1 Za = 0.40 mm. 


mm. 


Zooecia (a) 


is = 0.46-0.48 mm. 
lz = 0.42-0.46 mm. 


Apertura of large (B) zooecia. 


ha = 0.46-0.48 mm. 
la = 0.42-0.46 mm. 


Zooecia (B) 


\Lz= 1.20 mm. 
I lz = 0.60 mm. 


The zoaria are bilamellar; the two lamellae are easily separated. The micro¬ 
metric measurements given by Harmer are quite variable; ours are more constant 
and always greater than those in Steganoporella parvicella. 

Occurrence.- —Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). Pliocene (Caloosa- 
hatchee marl); Monroe County, Florida (very rare). 

Habitat. —Western Atlantic: Off Florida (24-59 meters), Jamaica (16-19 
meters), St. Vincent, Brazil (32 meters). Western Pacific: Off Japan (324 meters), 
China Sea (43 meters), Philippines (29 meters), Singapore to Honolulu (32-64 
meters), Queensland (19-32 meters). Indian Ocean: Trincomalie, Admirality 
Islands (32-40 meters), East Africa (3-16 meters). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68487, U.S.N.M. 


Family ASPIDOSTOMIDAE Canu, 1908. 

Genus ODONTIONELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 


1917. Odontionella Canu and Bassler, A Synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome Bryo¬ 
zoa, U. S. National Museum, Bull. 96, p. 12. 

1920. Odontionella Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bull. 
106, U. S. National Museum, p. 256. 

Ovicell hyperstomial. No condyle for the opercular valve. The opesium is 
not symmetrical. The proximal border of the opesium bears irregular spinous 
processes, short, flat, more or less wide. The opesiular indentations are dissym¬ 
metrical. The operculum projects beyond the ridge. Sixteen tentacles. The 
avicularium is placed on the gymnocyst. 

Genotypes.—Odontionella ( Membranipora) Mans Hincks, 1885, and Odon¬ 
tionella ( Membranipora ) occultata Waters, 1887. Range: Pliocene-Recent. 

In 1917 we gave the generic definition of Waters’s M. Mans group. Later 
studies have permitted us to gain a better knowledge of the structure of this remark¬ 
able genus, which must be definitely placed in the Aspidostomidae on account of the 
nature of the ovicell. The genus differs from Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1912, also 
deprived of condyles in the nature of the opercular valve, in the presence of a gym¬ 
nocyst and of a sort of vestibular arch, in the rarity of the lateral processes, and in 





NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 65 

the presence of an ovicell. The retractor muscles of the polypide are attached in 
one of the zooecial angles. This results in a dissymmetry of the opesium and of 
the o.pesiules as in Steganoporella, Onychocella, etc. 

Like Waters, 1899, we have thought that Membranipora savartii Audouin, 
1826, belonged to this group of species. It is in fact also provided with spinous 
processes and rather frequently with a proximal denticular plate. But this analogy 
is not sufficient; for, first, the opesium is symmetrical; second, we do not know 
whether there are opesiules in the chitinous cryptocyst; third, the operculum is 
totally different; and, fourth, there are only 15 tentacles. 

The characteristics of this genus are much more visible on Membranipora 
occultata Waters, 1887, wherefore we believe it wise to adcl it as a second genotype. 



E. Odontionella 


Fig. 8.— Genera of the family Aspidostomidae Canu, 1908. 

A. Aspidostoma, Hincke, 1881. A. giganteum Busk, 1884, X 25. Recent. 

B. Labiopora Levinsen, 1909. L. crenulata Levinsen, 1909, X 23. Recent. 

C. Crateropora Levinsen, 1909. C. falcata Levinsen, 1909, X 23. t Recent. (A-C after Levinsen, 
1909.) 

D. Euritina Canu, 1900. E. eurita D’Orbigny, 1852, X 20. Cretaceous. 

E. Odontionella Canu and Bassler, 1917. O. occultata Waters, 1887. (After Waters, 1887.) 

F. Foraminella Levinsen, 1909. F. lepida Ilincks, 1881, X 25. Recent. (After Hincks, 1881.) 

G. Rhagasostoma Koschinsky, 1885. R. hcxagonum Koschinsky, 1885, X17. Eocene. (After 
Koschinsky, 1885.) 







66 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Genus FORAMINELLA Levinsen, 1909. 

1909. Foraminella Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryo- 
zoa, p. 165. 

The somewhat arched frontal wall has no pores, but on each side a longitudinal 
series of (1-5) foramina (opesiules). A membranous opercular valve. Independent 
avicularia without crossbar, with an elongate mandible, on the one side furnished 
with a wing-like expansion. Hyperstomial ovicell with a membraneous ectooecium. 
Dietellae (Levinsen). 


Genotype.—Foraminella ( Monoporella ) lepida Hincks, 1881. Recent. 



Fig. 9—Genus Odontionella Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

A-E. Odontionella ( Membranipora ) Mans Hincks, 1885. 

A. Zooecia, X 75. (After Hincks, 1885.) B. Distal wall with septulae, X 25. C. Lateral wall 
with septulae, X 25. D. Operculum, X 85, showing chitinous ridge (er) and expansion (ea). E. Zooecia 
X 25. (B-E after Waters, 1898.) 

F, G, I. Odontionella occultata Waters, 1887. 

F. Specimen from recent seas with its avicularia. G. Example from the Tertiary rocks of New 
Zealand showing a thick calcareous deposit between the zooecia. I. Avicularian mandible, X 250. 

J, K. Opercula of another species (introduced by error.). 

H. Photograph of a specimen of Odontionella Mans Hincks from New Zealand showing the disym¬ 
metry of the opesiular indentations, X 20. 







NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


67 


Genus LABIOPORA Levinsen, 1909. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 258.) 

LABIOPORA MIOCENICA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 6, fig. 1. 

1919. Labiopora mioceniea Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 89, pi. 6, 
fig. 1. 


Description.— 1 The zoarium is unilamellar. The zooecia are elongate, distinct, 
rectangular; the mural rim is quite thin, round. The cryptocyst is little deep, 
flat, and formed of a tremocyst superposed on an olocyst perforated with corres¬ 
ponding pores. The opesium is tranverse, terminal or placed at the base of a funnel, 
formed by the much developed vestibular arch. The polypidian tube is visible, 
wide, median. 


Measurements .—Op esia- 


Ao = 0.10 mm. 
lo = 0.24-0.28 mm. 


Zooecia! 


X 2 = 0.50-0.64 mm. 
\lz = 0.32—0.34 mm. 


Affinities. —This new species differs from Labiopora crenulata Levinsen, 1909, 
in the wide form of the zooecia and in its transverse opesium. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Gurabo, Santo Domingo 
(rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68488, U.S.N.M. 


CALPENSIIDAE, new family. 


No ovicell. The cryptocyst is perforated by one or two opesiules. 

We suppose that the ovicell is formed by an internal sac placed in the vicinity 
of the opercular region as in the genus Diplodidymia Reuss, 1869. The different 
genera which we classify here belong perhaps to distinct families; but as we are 
ignorant of the larva, it is preferable to group them provisionally under the same 
name. They may be classified in three groups. 

1. A single opesiule. Diplodidymia Reuss, 1869. 

2. Cryptocyst with spinous processes. Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1909; Cupu- 
laria Lamouroux, 1821. 

3. Complete cryptocyst. Calpensia Jullien, 1888; Verminaria Jullien, 18S8; 
Microporina Levinsen, 1909; Corynostylus Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Genus DIPLODIDYMIA Reuss, 1869. 

1869. Diplodidymia Reuss, Zur fossilen Fauna der Oligocanschichten von Gaas, Sitzungsberichte 
der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 59, Abth. 1, p. 469. 

The zoarium is articulated and radicelled. Each segment is formed of four 
rows of zooecia placed diagonally. No ovicell. Two very small pores are placed 
on each side before the apertura. The cryptocyst is perforated laterally by a long 
linear opesiule; it gives passage to the wide muscles attached to the ectocyst in a 
scelerity (= chitinous thickening). The avicularium is by the side of the apertura 



68 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


and the mandible is triangular. The avicularian chamber bears a radicular per¬ 
foration. Eleven to twelve tentacles. 

Genotype-.—Diplodidymia complicata Reuss, 1869. Range: Montian-Recent. 

A detailed study of this genus was made by Waters, 1913. The ovicell is a sac 
hanging from the opercular region; the egg evolves there until the formation of the 
larva. Reuss classified this genus in a special family. 






A . Diplodidymia B . HemiseptellaC-Corynostylus D. Verminaria 


f 

y $ 

§ 


E.Calpensia 


F. Microporina 


G.CupuIaria 


Fig. 10. —Genera of the family Calpensiidae, new family. 


A. Diplodidymia Reuss, 1869, D. complicata Reuss, 1869, X 85. Recent, Africa. (After Waters, 
1913.) 

B. Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1909, H. labiata Busk, 1884, X 12. Recent, Cape Horn. (After Waters, 
1895.) 

C. Corynostylus Canu and Bassler, 1919, C. labiatus Canu and Bassler, 1919, X 20. Miocene. 

D. Verminaria Jullien, 1888, V. oblonga Busk, 1859. Crag of England. (After Busk, 1859.) 

E. Calpensia Jullien, 1888, C. impressa Moll, 1803, X 25. Recent, Atlantic. (After Guerin- 
Ganivet.) 

F. Microporina Levinsen, 1909, M. elongata Hincks, 1880 X 25. Recent, Australia. (After 
Ilincks, 1801.) 

G. Cupularia Lamouroux, 1821. C. umbellata Defrance 1823, X 20. 






NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


69 




Fig. 11.—Genus Diplodidymia Reuss, 1869. 


Figs. A-H. Diplodidymia complicata Reuss, 1869. 

A. Sketch, X 50 showing small sacs hanging from the opercular region, and in each an ovum grows 
(ov). At y. there seems as yet no ovum in the small sac; m., the muscles of the opesium. B. Section 
showing an ovum in the small sac, X 750. C. Section, X 750, in which the ovum has segmented and a 
blastula has formed. D. Colony from Chuaka, Africa, X 6. E. Lower part of colony, X 25. F. 
Portion of zoarium, X 85, showing the structure of the zooeciaand avicularia. G. Operculum, X 250. 
H. Mandible of the avicularium, X 250. (A-H, after Waters, 1913.) 


Genus HEMISEPTELLA Levinsen, 1909. 

1909. Hemiseptella Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous 
Bryozoa, p. 164. 

No ovicell. The distal extremity of the crvptocyst plunges into the zooecium. 
The dissymmetric opesium bordered laterally and inferiorly by spines. The two 
opesiules, distinct or not are limited sometimes by the cryptocyst, sometimes by 
the spinous processes. The opercular valve is garnished superiorly by an opercular 
arch strongly chitinized. Small avicularium. Twenty-six tentacles. 

Genotype.—Hemiseptella ( Vineularia ) labiata Busk, 1884. Range: Miocene- 
Recent. 

Structure. —We have chosen Vineularia labiata as the genotype because it pre¬ 
sents two sorts of spinous processes, the larger of which can unite in order to form a 
bridge intended to support the hinge of the opercular valve. But this bridge is only 
a secondary character. The cryptocyst covers the spinous processes. Levinsen 
attributed to this genus a certain number of species from the Cretaceous figured by 
D’Orbigny. This is an error; these species belong to the genus Floridina, for their 
ovicell is endozooecial and they bear onychocellaria. 







70 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


One must not confuse the spinous processes or spinules with the spines. Their 
structure is not similar and their physiologic role is absolutely distinct. The spinous 
processes are here only internal apparatus for support, probably intended to limit 
the movements of the hypostege. 

The large retractor muscle of the polypide is inserted in a corner of the zooecium 
as in Onychocella, Odontionella, and Steganoporella. It results in a great dissymme¬ 
try of the opesium especially on its proximal border. 

The known species of this genus are: 

Hemiseptella ( Vincularia) labiata Busk, 1884. 

Hemiseptella ( Vincularia) steganoporoides Goldstein, 1882. 

Hemiseptella ( Thalamoporella ) michaelseni Cal vet, 1904. 

Hemiseptella ( Bijlustra) denticulata Smitt, 1872. 

Hemiseptella ( Membranipora ) tenuis Desor, 1848. 

Hemiseptella ( Membranipora) lacinia Tuomey and Holmes, 1857. 

Hemiseptella ( Membranipora ) minor Canu, 1908 ( M. sulcata, var. minor Canu). 

HEMISEPTELLA LATA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 


Plate 2, fig. 4. 

1919. Hemiseptella lata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa 
Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 85, pi. 2, fig. 4. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts fronds of the bryozoan Metrarabdotos. The 
zooecia are distinct, little elongated, wide, sub rectangular; the mural rim is thin. 
The opesium is elliptical or orbicular, never symmetrical; the cryptocyst is short, 
little deep, irregular; the opesiular indentations are represented by two lateral dis¬ 
symmetric concavities and are often separated by a wide and serrate denticle. 

,, i ■ $0 = 0.30 mm. r/ . [7,2 = 0.42 mm. 

Measurements .—Opesia 7 no on Zooecia 7 A on n or> 

r [ io = 0.22-0.30 mm. I te = 0.30-0.32 mm. 

Affinities .—It is always difficult to characterize a species from the study of a 
single specimen. Exteriorly the zooecia have the form of certain zooecia observed 
in Acanihodesia savartii Savigny-Audouin, 1826; it differs from it in its nonsymmetric 
opesium and in two opesiular sinuosities. 

This species differs from Bijlustra savarti Smitt, 1872, which is not perhaps the 
species of Audouin, in the more constant development of its cryptocyst and in the 
nature of its zoarium, which does not incrust algae. The proximal denticle has been 
clearly observed on three zooecia. # 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo 
Domingo (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68498, U.S.N.M. 


HEMISEPTELLA? LACINIA Tuomey and Holmes, 1857. 


Plate 14, fig. 10. 

1857. Membranipora lacinia Tuomey and Holmes, Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina, p. 14, pi. 4, 
fig. 10. 

We have been unable to find any specimens corresponding to the figure of 
Membranipora lacinia, which, moreover, is somewhat confusing, although probably 
indicating the genus Hemiseptella. We reproduce the original figure in the hope that 
some future student will rediscover the species. 

Occurrence. —Miocene?: Smith’s, Goose Creek, South Carolina. 


NORTH AMERICAN HATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


71 


HEMISEPTELLA GKANDICELLA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 5, fig. 12. 

1919. Hemiseptella grandicella Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bry- 
ozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 84, pi. 5, fig. 11. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are large, elongate, 
ogival, distinct, separated by a furrow of little depth; the mural rim is narrow, little 
salient, round, finely granulated; the cryptocyst is large, flat, granulated; the ope- 
sium is elongated, elliptical, irregular and nonsymmetrical in the proximal portion. 


,, , ~ 7io = 0.40 mm. 

Measurements. —Opesia 7 . _ 

r (o = 0.25 mm. 


Zooecia 1 


Lz = 0.65-0.70 mm. 
?2 = 0.35 mm. 


Affinities. —The group of inferior opesiular spines was certainly dissymmetrical; 
trace of the lateral spines is scarcely visible on our specimens. 

This species differs from Hemiseptella denticulata Smitt, 1872, in the absence of 
nodosities in the interzooecial angles and in the nontrifoliate opesium. It differs 
from Hemiseptella tenuis Desor, 1848, in the larger micrometric measurements and 
in the more fragile and less numerous spines. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68490, U.S.N.M. 


HEMISEPTELLA FILIMARGO, new species. 


Plate 10, fig. 9. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a very thin salient thread, elongated, subhexagonal; the mural rim is very thin, 
filiform, salient; the cryptocyst is large, flat, shallow. The opesium is semielliptical, 
transverse, with an irregular proximal border, two large lateral spicules and many 
spicules placed inferiorily. 

,, , „ [7io = 0.12-0.18 mm. r , . \Lz = 0.40-0.50 mm. 

^ [ lo = 0.15-0.20 mm. [ (2 = 0.25-0.30 mm. 

Variations.—' The micrometric measurements are very irregular. Interzooecial 
tubercles are sometimes present. On our single specimen the spicules are badly 
preserved. The extreme thinness of the mural rim well characterizes this species. 
Cases of regenerated zooecia have been observed. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): York River, Virginia (very 
rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68491, U.S.N.M. 


HEMISEPTELLA TUBEROSA, new species. 

t 

Plate 46, fig. 10. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, elongated, 
rectangular, ornamented with large interzooecial tubercles ; the mural rim is thick, 
rounded, granulated; the cryptocyst is much reduced, deep, granulated. The 
opesium is elongated, elliptical, with an irregular proximal border. 


Measurements. —Opesia 


7io = 0.25 mm. 
. To = 0.15 mm. 


Zooecia 


[1,2 = 0.35 mm. 
Iz = 0.25 mm. 


Variations. —On our type specimen there are very few spicules visible, 
micrometric measurements are very- irregular. 


The 





Fig. 12.—Genus Hemiseptella Levinsen. 1909. 























































NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


73 


Fig. 12.—Genus Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1919. 

Figs. A-N. Hemiseptella labiata Busk, 1884. 

A. A branch of the form Vincularia elegans (after D’Orbigny, 1839). B. A branch from Cape 
Horn, X 12. A few minute denticles or hooks occur on the border of the opesium. C. Several zooecia 
of the type of Vincularia elegans preserved at the Museum of Paris. A growth from each side forms a 
calcareous bridge over the opesium. It is placed under the membraneous ectocyst. D. A calcined 
zooecium of a specimen from the Atlantic ( Challenger collection), X 25. E. Transverse section, X 25. 
F. Calcareous section diagonally through a zooecium, thus showing the projecting rosette plates (sep- 
tulae), X 25. G. Section through the dietellae, X 250. H. Diagrammatic section showing the position 
of the septulae, X 25. I. Transverse, decalcified section, X 25. J. A branch, natural size (after 
D’Orbigny, 1839). K. Section in the zooecia, X 25. Besides the lip which projects upward, the front 
wall of the zooecium is directed downward thus contracting the zooecium near the aperture. (Figs. 
D-H, K, (after Waters, 1889). L. Transverse section in operculum, X 85 (B, C, I, L, after Waters, 
1895). M., N. Operculum (after Busk 1884). 

Fig. 0. Hemiseptella denticulata Smitt 1872. A zoarium from Florida. The unshaded zooecia 
are covered by the ectocyst. They show the chitinous arch of the opercular valve. 

Fig. P-S.— Hemiseptella steganoporoides MacGilliVray, 1881. P. A zoarium, natural size, from 
Prince Edward Island. Q. Zooecia with their opesiular in dentations and occasionally the bridge, X 25 
(forma Vincularia gothica). R. A zooecium showing the sutures between the three processes and the 
avicularium (after Waters, 1889). S. Operculum, X 85 (figs. P, Q and S, after Busk, 1884). 

Figs. T-V.— Hemiseptella michaelseni Calvet, 1904. T. Zooecia, X 25, showing the three groups of 
spinous processes bordering the opesium. U. A zooecium covered by its membranous transparent 
ectocyst under which the spinous processes are seen. Y. Operculum, X 85 (T-V, after Calvet, 1907). 

This species is much smaller than Hemiseptella rectangulata, in which the form 
of the zooecia is identical but which is deprived of tubercles. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Simmons Bluff, Yonges Island, Charleston County, 
South Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68492, U.S.N.M. 

HEMISEPTELLA FISTULA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 14, fig. 9. 

1904. Membranipora fistuln Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa: Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, 
p.>413, pi. 112, fig. 5. 

The original description is as follows: 

Zoarium so far as observed forming small, hollow, subcylindrical stems, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, 
composed of twelve to fifteen longitudinal rows of zooecia. Walls about as wide as the 
zooecial openings, obtusely carinate, the carinae between the ends of the cells high and 
bent forward so as to impart a slightly imbricating appearance to successive cells. Opesial 
opening elongate elliptical; immediately behind it a minute pore is occasionally notice¬ 
able. Measuring longitudinally about 8 zooecia in 5.0 mm. No avicularian nor vibracular 
cells observed. 

The original description of this slender rod-like bryozoan gives an adequate 
idea of the species, of which unfortunately no more specimens have been discovered. 
We reproduce a new illustration of the type specimen which shows spines irregularly 
distributed on the proximal border of the opesium, thereby causing the species to 
be referred to Hemiseptella. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): St. Maly’s River, Maryland 
(very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68493, U.S.N.M. 

12184—23—Bull. 125-6 






74 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


HEMISEPTELLA RECTANGULATA, new species. 


Plate 14, fig. 11. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, adjacent, 
elongated, rectangular, with rounded distal border. The cryptocyst is deep, granu¬ 
lar, flat; the opesium is elliptical, elongated with a proximal border irregular and 
without symmetry; the spinous processes are short, fragile, thin, numerous. No 
dietellae. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


ho = 0.30 
Jo = 0.20 


mm. 


mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.47 mm. 
Z 2 = 0.22mm. 


The spinous processes are very fragile; they little resist fossilization, but their 
vestiges are easily observed. 

Affinities .—This species differs from Hemiseptella granulosa in its smooth mural 
rim and its smaller micrometric measurements. It differs from Hemiseptella grandi- 
cella in its deep cryptocyst and its smaller micrometric measurements. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68494, U.S.N.M. 


HEMISEPTELLA GRANULOSA, new species. 


Plate 29, fig. 8. 


Description .—The zoarium is unilamellar. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow of little depth, elongated, rectangular; the mural rim is thin convex, 
granular; the cryptocyst is of little depth, flat, slightly granular. The opesium 
is elliptical, irregular on its proxial border which is never symmetrical; the spinous 
processes are distributed in the lower half and the proxial bundle is wider and 
more salient. 


Measurements .—Opesia 


ho = 0.40 mm. 
. lo = 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.70 mm. 
lz = 0.35 mm. 


Affinities .—The micrometric measurements are quite variable, even on a 
simple zoarium; but the relationship of one-half between the two dimensions 
remain rather constant. 

This species differs from Hemiseptella planulata, in which the cryptocyst is 
also very superficial in its granulated mural rim and in its crenulated opesium. 
It differs from Hemiseptella grandicella in its micrometric measurements, generally 
smaller, and in its granular mural rim. 

The spinous processes are rather fragile; only their base resists fossilization, 
and they appear to be grouped into three bundles. The lowest one is wide and 
vigorous. The asymmetry of the proximal border of the opesium seems to indicate 
that the large retractor muscle of the polypide was inserted, not in the median axis 
of the zooecium, but in a lower corner, as in Onychocella and Steganoporella. 

Occurrence. -Miocene: Near Charleston, South Carolina (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68495, U.S.N.M. 

HEMISEPTELLA PLANULATA, new species. 

Plate 29, figs. 5, 6. 

Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells ( Pectunculus ). The zooecia are 
distmct, elongated, with adjacent mural rims, hexagonal, ogival; the mural rim is 
thin, little salient; the cryptocyst is little deep, large, flat. The opesium is ogival or 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


75 


sub trifoliate; the mural rim is thin, little, salient; the cryptocyst is little deep, 
large, fiat. The spinous processes are very fragile and are distributed into five 
principal bundles; the lower bundle is salient and placed without symmetry on the 
proximal border of the opesium. 


Measurements. —0 pesi a 


ho = 0.24 mm. 
lo = 0.16-0.20 mm. 


Zooecia' 


\Lz — 0.30 mm. 
lz = 0.24-0. 30 mm. 


Afiinities. —The walls of this species are very fragile and are easily worn; the 
zooecia are then scarcely distinct, and certain zooecia bear tubercles at the angles. 

This species is quite close to Hemiseptella denticulata Smitt, 1872, which also 
presents tubercles. It differs from it in its less deep cryptocyst and in the incon¬ 
stancy of the tubercles. However, we possess no specimen of this species and our 
comparisons are made only from the figures. It differs from Hemiseptella granulata 
in the absence of granules on the mural rim and in its subtrifoliate opesium. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68496, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CUPULARIA Lamouroux, 1821. 

1821. Cupularia Lamouroux, Exposition methodique des genres de 1’ordre des Polypiers, p. 44. 

The zoarium is a more or less expanded cup; it is provided• with a special 
hydrostatic system accompanied by vibracula. The opesium is fringed with spinous 
processes which are flat, free, or joined together; the two distal processes are sym¬ 
metrically placed and serve as support to the opercular valve. The two distal 
opesiules are always rounded. No ovicell. Vestibular arch present. 

Genotype.—Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. Range: Miocene-Recent. 

Afiinities. —The genus Cupularia is identical in its frontal with the genus 
Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1909. It differs from it in its cup-shaped zoarial form, 
in the presence of vibracula, the flat form of the spinous processes, and in the union 
of the latter. 

Cupularia lives like Lunularia, of which we have explained the hydrostatic 
zoarial mechanism. (See North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, p. 238). The 
cellular or external face is the inferior face; the noncellular or internal face is the 
superior face. The ancestrular zooecia are often calcified, indeed only the opercu¬ 
lar valve may be visible there; these are the hydrostatic zooecia (aborted of 
D’Orbigny); they are never radicular as in the genus Lunularia. The larvae 
probably develop in an oral sac, as in the genus Diplodidymia Ruess, 1869. 

The union of the spines is not a generic character. In fact it may be accidental 
(as in Cupularia denticulata), partial ( C. reussiana), almost complete (C. umbellata). 
This union of the spinous processes forms a cryptocyst. 

Smitt, 1872, recognized that this genus ought to be classed in the Microporidae. 
This was correct, as the opesiules or opesiular slits are always clearly visible. In 
order to show the character of the genus in more detail we have introduced descrip¬ 
tions of a few European species. 






Fig. 13.—Genus Cupularia Lamouroux, 1921. 

A-F. Cupularia umbellata Eefrance, 1923. 

A. Zooecia, X 25 of specimen dredged in the Mediterranean at Oran (Algeria'). B. An example, 
X 25, with small, wide zooecia. C. Specimen with small, long zooecia, X 25. D, E. Zooecia enlarged 
X 50) showing the formation of the cryptocyst by the partial union of spinous processes. F. Tangential 
thin section of the frontal, X 75, showing the successive ramifications of the lateral spinous processes. 

G. Longitudinal thin section, X 75, showing the successive zones of calcification. 

J. Internal face (superior) of a zoarium, X 25. (B-G, J) Burdigalian of Merignac, Gironde France. 

H, I. Cupularia multispinata, new species. 

H. Portion of a zoarium deprived of its ectocyst, X 25. I. Zoarium X 25,, provided with its ecto- 
cyst, and its vibracula, Mediterranean at Oran (Algeria). 

76 











NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 77 

CUPULARIA HAIDINGERI Reuss, 1847. 

Plate 1, figs. 13-17. 

1847. Lunulites haidingeri Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger’s 
naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 2, p. 58, pi. 7, fig. 26, 27. 

1859. Cupularia denticulata Busk, Monograph Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications Paleontolo- 
graphical Society, p. 8$, pi. 13, fig. 1. 

1877. Cupularia haidingeri Manzoni, I Briozoi fossili del Miocene d’Austria ed Ungheria, parte 
2, Denkschriften der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 37, p. 73, pi. 16, fig. 54. 

1880. Cupularia haidingeri Seguenza, La formazioni tergiarie nella Provincia di Reggio (Calabria), 
Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Memorie della Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e 
Naturali, ser. 3, vol. 6, pp. 84, 131. 

,, . T . [12 = 0.60 mm. 

Measurements. —Large zooecia 7 

° [ lz = 0.36-0.40 mm. 

Variations. —The place of the opercular valve is clearly indicated by a distal 
arch limited by two symmetrical apophyses or condyles. The spinous processes 
are flat, often very wide, claviform or finely denticulated; their number is five 
(which includes the two oral apophyses). Their form is inconstant, and we figure 
some interesting variations. Our determination of the species has been verified 
by specimens from Porzteich, Austria-Hungary. The internal face bears radial, 
bifurcated, and tuberous ribs. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Cupuladria canariensis, Busk, 1859, in the 
presence of spinous processes and in the absence of the large pores of the internal 
face. It differs from Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841, in its larger and flatter 
zoarial form, its larger zooecia, and in the larger tuberosities of the internal face. 

Geological distribution. —Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza); Tortonian of Italy 
(Seguenza), of Austria-Hungary (Reuss); Redonnian of France (Canu); Plaisancian 
of England (Busk). 

CUPULARIA DOMA D’Orbigny, 1851. 

Plate 1, fig. 18; plate 15, figs. 1-5. 

1851. Discoflustrellaria doma D’Orbigny, Pal6ontologie francaise, Terrain Cretace, vol. 5, Bryo- 
zoaires, p. 561. 

1859. Cupularia johnsoni Busk, Zoophytology: On some Madeiran Polyzoa, Quarterly Journal 
Microscopical Science, vol. 7, p. 67, pi. 23, figs. 1-6. 

1872. Cupularia doma Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count Pourtales, Kongl. Svenska, 
Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, pt. 2, vol. 11, No. 4, p. 15, pi. 3, figs. 81-84 (not Busk, 

1859). 

1877. Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, Bryozoaires du pliocene superieur de Pile de Rhodes, Me- 
moires de la Societe G6ologique de France, ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 67. 

1909. Cupularia johnsoni Norman, Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands, Journal Linnean 
Society London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 290, pi. 38, figs. 1-6. 

Variations. —The spinous processes are flat or acuminate; there are even some 
which are spatulate and some fimbriated. The two superior ones form two sym¬ 
metrical condyles serving as pivot to the opercular valve. The others are three in 
number; they are dissymmetrical, irregularly placed, without definite and constant 
form, never joined. The cryptocyst is more or less developed and its presence 
considerably modifies the aspect of the opesium. The internal face bears hydro¬ 
static tuberosities (as usual), very inconstant in their size; they are generally very 
large, but may disappear almost totally. The zoarium is conical, higher than wide. 
The two opesiules are formed by two rounded indentations symmetrically placed 
below the condyles. 





78 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Affinities. —Smitt has confused this species with Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, 
1869. He saw D’Orbigny’s type in Paris. Manzoni and Norman have adopted the 
same synonymy. For all these authors the essential character was the absence of 
a complete calcareous pivot for the opercular valve, as in Cupularia umbellata 
Defrance, 1823. In reality all the denticulata group possess this character and the 
species are differentiated from each other not only in their zoarial form but also by 
the number and nature of their spinous processes and in the form of their hydro¬ 
static tubercles. 

This species differs from Cupularia multispinata, new species, in the presence of 
three (and not five) spines, and in the conical form of the zoarium. It differs from 
Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841, which has the same number of spinous proc¬ 
esses, in the more conical form of the zoarium, and in the presence of large hydro¬ 
static tuberosities on the internal face. It differs from Cupularia reussiana Man¬ 
zoni, 1869, in the more conical form of the zoarium and in its spinous processes 
never joined together. 

Occurrence. —Sicilian of Rhodes (Manzoni). Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilming¬ 
ton, North Carolina. 

Habitat. —Mediterranean: Shores of Algeria (72 meters), Oran (81-103 meters). 
Atlantic: Madeira (64-113 meters). Gulf of Mexico: Florida (Smitt). 

CUPULARIA MULTISPINATA, new species. 

Description. —The zoarium is discoidal, thin, very convex, much less high than 
wide. The zooecia are elongated, distinct, hexagonal; the mural rim is thin, little 
salient; the cryptocyst is more or less developed laterally. The opesium is orna¬ 
mented by at least five flat spinous processes nonsymmetrical, rather wide, finely 
denticulated. Two symmetric salient condyles limit the apertura. A vestibular 
arch is present. The vibracula are large and auriform. 

,, T . fAz^O.48 mm. 

Measurements .—Large zooecia 7 „ 

l Iz = 0.32 mm. 

Affinities. —This species bears the most numerous spinous processes and this 
character is amply sufficient to differentiate it from Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, 
1869; C. doma D’Orbigny, 1851; and from C. denticulata Conrad, 1841. The hydro¬ 
static zooecia have their cryptocyst entirely calcified. 

Habitat. —Mediterranean: Gulf of Oran (105 meters). 

CUPULARIA REUSSIANA Manzoni, 1869. 

Plate 1, figs. 19-22. 

1869. Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, Bryozoi Pliocenici Italiani, Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen 
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 59, p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 19. 

1895. Cupularia reussiana Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina e Monte Mario presso Roma, 
Palaeontographia Italica, vol. 1, p. 102 (sep. 26). 

1895. Cupularia reussiana Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d’ltalia, Bollettino della 
Societe Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, parte 1, vol. 4, p. 45 (sep. 7); parte 2, p. 243 (sep. 19); 
parte 5, vol. 7, p. 101 (sep. 4), p. 103 (sep. 6). 

1900. Cupularia reussiana Neviani, Briozoi neogenici delle Calabrie, Paleontologia italica, vol. 6, 
p. 169 (55) (regional bibliography). 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 79 

1900. Cupularia reussiana Neviani, Briozoi Terziari della Toscana, Bollettino Soci&td geologica 
italiana, vol. 19, p. 19 (sep.). 

1913. Cupularia reussiana Canu, Contributions a l’Etude des Bryozoaires fossiles: IV. Pliocene 
d’Alger, Bulletin Soci6t6 Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 13, p. 126. 

1913. Cupularia haidingeri Canu, Bulletin Societd Gdologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 13, p. 128. 

Historical. —Manzoni’s figures of 1869 are exact, although the zoarium is much 
less conical and almost cupuliform. As the figure of the cellular face has served 
for the determination by Seguenza, Canu, and Neviani we can hold as exact the 
synonymy given, moreover partially verified by Canu. 

Variations. —The apertural arch is constant; it forms with the two wide, 
lateral opesiular indentations a trifoliate opesium. The inferior spinous processes 
are partially united and separated at their base by three large pores which are per¬ 
haps secondary opesiules. This character is specific. The vestibular arch is very 
large; the internal face is covered with large tuberosities. 

Affinities. —All the authors, on the authority of Smitt, have confused this 
species with Cupularia doma D’Orbigny, 1851, the examination of the zoarial form 
having been judged sufficient. It differs much from it in its cupuliform zoarium 
(and not very conical) and in the union of the spinous processes occasioning the 
formation of three large frontal pores. 

This species differs from Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823, in the presence 
of three frontal pores only, and in its opesiules not separated from the apertura and 
reduced to the state of indentations. 

Geological distribution. —Tortonian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani); Zanclean of 
Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of Italy (Neviani); Astian of France and Italy (Canu); 
Sicilian of Italy (Waters, Seguenza). 

This species has not yet been found in the Mediterranean dredgings carried out 
by Canu. Waters did mention it at Naples. 

CUPULARIA DENTICULATA Conrad, 1841. 

Plate 15, figs. 6-10. 

1841. Lunulites denticulata Conrad (in Hodge), Observations on the Secondary and Tertiary forma¬ 
tions of*the southern Atlantic States, American Journal Science and Arts, ser. 1, vol. 41, p. 348. 

1845. Lunulites denticulata Lonsdale, Report on the Corals from the Tertiary formations of North 
America, Quarterly Journal Geological Society, London, vol. 1, p. 503. 

1857. Lunulites denticulata Tuomey and Holmes, Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina, p. 11, pi. 4, 
figs. 1-5. 

1904. Cupularia denticulata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 414, 
pi. 112, fig. 6. 

T . [ Lz = 0. 30—0. 40 mm. 

Measurements .—Targe zooecia ^„ = q 9 q_q 24 mm 

Variations. —The hydrostatic zooecia are thin, calcified, probably deprived of 
polypide, garnished with a complete cryptocyst; their apertura is small and serves 
probably as passage for a more or less long bristle; they surmount the grain of sand 
on which the larva is fixed. The internal face is flat or curved; the radiating ribs 
are generally smooth, but small tuberosities are not rare. The two condyles are 
not always exactly symmetrical. The spinous processes are acuminate or flat, 



80 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


short, finely denticulated, numbering three or four; they are irregular and their 
position never symmetrical. The zoarium is rather variable. The small specimens 
are always wider than high. The large specimens are cupuliform but always very 
convex. 

,This species differs from Cupularia haidingeri Reuss, 1847 (= C. denticulata Busk, 
1859), in the smaller micrometric measurements and in the absence of the large 
hydrostatic tuberosities of the internal face. It differs from Cupularia reussiana 
Manzoni, 1869, in its spinous processes never united. It differs from Cupularia doma 
D’Orbigny, 1851, which it most resembles in its large, thin, cupuliform zoarium 
and in the absence or attenuation of the large tuberosities of the internal face. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magno¬ 
lia, Duplin County, North Carolina (type locality); Wilmington, and many other 
localities in North and South Carolina. Miocene (Choctowhatchee marl): Jackson 
Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (common). 
Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): St. Marys River, Maryland (rare). Miocene 
(Yorktown formation): Williamsburg, York River, and other localities in Virginia 
(rare). Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South 
Carolina (very common). Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Monroe County, Florida 
(very common). 

Plesiotypes.— Cat. Nos. 68497-68505, U.S.N.M. 

CUPULARIA UMBELLATA Defrance, 1823. 

Plate 2, figs. 15-19. 

1823. Lunulites umbellata Defrance, Dictionnaire du Sciences Naturelles, vol. 27, p. 361. 

1862. Discoporella denticulata Gabb and Horn, Monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary 
and Tertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Phil¬ 
adelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 142, pi. 20, fig. 25. 

1872. Cupularia umbellata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, Ivongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens 
Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 14, pi. 3, figs. 75-80. 

1889. Cupularia umbellata Jelly, A synonymic Catalogue of marine Bryozoa, p. 79 (general biblio¬ 
graphy). 

1895, 1900. Cupularia umbellata Neviani, Briozoi, neozoici di alcune localita d’ltalia, Bollettino 

della Society Rornana per gli Studi Zoologici, pt. 2, vol. 4, 1895, pp. 287, 243; pt. 4, vol. 7, 
1898, p. 38; pt. 5, vol. 8, 1898, pp. 98, 100, 106; pt. 6, (2), vol. 1, p. 60. 

1896. Cupularia umbellata Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina. Palaeontographia Italica, vol. 1, 

p. 101 (sep. 25). 

1900. Cupularia umbellata Neviani, Bryozoi, terziari et posterziari della Toscana, Bolletino della 
Societa geologica Italiana, vol. 19, p. 362 (sep. 18). 

1900. Cupularia umbellata Neviani, Brioizoi neogenici della Calabrie. Palaeontographia Italica 
vol. 6, p. 168 (regional bibliography). 

1908. Cupularia umbellata Canu, Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de PArgentine, Anales del 

Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. 17, p. 274, pi. 5, figs. 4, 5 (bibliography). 

1909. Cupularia umbellata Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles du Sud-Ouest de la France, Bulletin de la 

Soci6te Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 9, pp. 448, 454, pi. 16, figs. 16,17 (regional biblio¬ 
graphy). 

1909. Cupularia lowei Norman, On the Polyzoa of Madeira, Journal Linnean Society, vol. 30, p. 290, 
pi. 37, figs. 7-12. 

1913. Cupularia umbellata Canu, Etude compare des Bryozoaires Helvetiens de l’Egypte avec 
les Bryozoaires vivants de la Mediterranee et de la Mer Rouge: Memoire de l’lnstitut 
Egyptien, vol. 6, fasc. 3, p. 205. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 81 


1913. Cupularia umbellata Canu, Contributions a l’etude des Bryozoaires fossiles, Bulletin Soci4t4 

G6ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 13, pp. 125, 127. 

1914. Cupularia lowei Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publication No. 182 

of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, p. 194. 

1916. Cupularia umbellata Canu, Bryozoaries fossiles du Sud-Ouest de la France, Bulletin Soci6t6 
G6ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 15, p. 322. 

1919. Cupularia umbellata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 85, pi. 1, figs. 5-7; 
pi. 2, figs. 17-21. 


We are ignorant as to why Norman, who is a great lover of archaic names, 
has not preserved the name of Defrance. The figures published by this author 
and by D’Orbigny are excellent and leave no doubt as to the identity of the species. 
The fossils which are identified as above are rather well preserved and their deter¬ 
mination is easy. The pores of the hydrostatic zooecia are not radicular. 

Variations.— In this species the two oral condyles are developed and united 
in a manner to produce a pivot serving as a support to the hinge of the opercular 
valve. The spinous processes number from seven to eight; they are united on the 
greater part of their length and form a false cryptocyst perforated with very irregu¬ 
lar holes; at their base there is no union and they thus limit a certain number of 
opesiules arranged all over the zooecium. 

As Smitt thought in 1872, this species differs only from the species of the 
denticulata group in a greater calcification and in a more complete development of 
the spinous processes. In spite of its superficial appearance it therefore belongs 
to the same genus. 

The specimens from Santo Domingo, where the species had been noted by Busk 
in 1859, are quite vigorous. They represent' a variation that is remarkable in the 
size of the zooecia and in the aspect of the inner side. The latter does not show 
the usual tuberose ribs and the tuberosities are equally distributed on the zoarial 
surface. The ancestrula is not always visible; it is often covered over by a normal 
zooecium or replaced by a special region in which the zooecia are arranged in con¬ 
trary order. 


Measurement .—Opesia 


ho = 0.12 mm. 
lo =0.16 mm. 


Zooeciat 


As = 0.44-0.50 mm. 
Iz = 0.34 mm. 


Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Gatun formation): Banana River, Costa Rica 
(common). Lower Miocene: Chipola River, Calhoun County, and Shoal River, 
Walton County, Florida (common). Lower Miocene: (Oak Grove); Oak Grove, 
Yellow River, Florida (common). Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Bowden, 
Jamaica: Cercado de Mao, Rio Cana, and Rio Gurabo, Santo Domingo (common). 
Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington and other localities in North Carolina and 
South Carolina (common). Pliocene of South Carolina and Florida. 

This species is almost always associated with Cupuiadria canariensis Busk, 
1859. Like the latter it commences in the Lower Miocene and continues through 
the latter Miocene and Pliocene of the United States. 

Geological distribution. —Aquitanian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani), of Bordeaux 
(Canu); Burdigalian of Italy (Seguenza, Canu), of Bordeaux (Canu); Helvetian 
of Egypt, Bordeaux, and Touraine; Tortonian of Provence (Canu), of Italy (Segu¬ 
enza); Plaisancian of England (Busk), of Italy (Manzoni); Asti an of Italy (Neviani, 



82 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Canu), of Provence (Canu); Sicilian of Italy (Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Segu- 
enza), of Argentina (Canu). 

Habitat. —Mediterranean; Atlantic, Canary Islands, and Florida. It is com¬ 
mon in the Gulf of Gascony in the Miocene, but it has now disappeared from this 
region. The species has been dredged at a depth of 11 to 48 meters in America and 
from 81 to 113 meters at Madeira. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68506-68511, U.S.N.M. 


CUPULARIA ROBERTSONIAE, new species. 
Plate 34, figs. 5-7. 


1908. Cupularia canariensis Robertson, The incrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the West 
Coast of North America, University of California Publications 11, Zoology, vol. 4, no. 5, 
p. 314, pi. 24, figs. 90, 91. 

Description.— The zoarium is discoid, little convex. The zooecia are distinct, 
much elongated, lozenge shaped; their mural rim is thin, sharp. The cryptocyst is 
deep, flat, perforated in the middle -by some irregular pores and laterally by seven 
large opesiules; the opesium is ogival, transverse, with a proximal concave border. 
The vibraculum is large, salient, auriform and provided with a very large opesium. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


Aa = 0.10 mm. 
la =0.15 mm. 


Zooecia* 


'Lz = 0.60 mm. 

Iz =0.30-0.35 mm. 


Affinities. —The few fossil fragments in our collections appear to agree with 
Cupularia canariensis Robertson, 1908, dredged in the Pacific off the shores of 
California. This species is very close to Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1828; but 
differs in its larger and less numerous opesiules and in its smaller zoarium. It 
differs from Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, 1869, in its more numerous and smaller 
opesiules and in its flatter zoarium. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Long Wharf Canyon), California 
(rare). 

Habitat. —Pacific, off San Pedro (6 meters) and island of Santa Catalina, 
California. 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68512, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CALPENSIA Jullien, 1888. 

1888. Calpensia Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, p. 78. 

The cryptocyst is entirely developed; it bears two distinct secondary opesia 
[opesiules]. The operculum is semilunar. (After Jullien.) 

The opesiular outgrowths join the lateral walls, forming a closed hollow on each 
side. A simple, feebly chitinized operculum. Numerous pores, but no spines. 
No ovicell. No avicularia. The distal wall consists of a basal horizontal and a 
frontal ascending part, the former being furnished with a narrow transverse group 
of small uniporous rosette plates [ = septulae]. The distal half of each distal wall 
with a single multiporous plate. (Levinsen.) 

Genotype.—Calpensia ( Flustra ) impressa Moll, 1803. Range: Auversian, 
Recent. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 83 

CALPENSIA IMPRESSA Moll, 1803. 

Plate 1, fig. 4. 

1803. Eschara impressa Moll, Die Seerinde aus der Ordnung der Planzenthiere,Wien, p. 57, pi. 11, 
fig. 9. 

1847. Eschara nobilis Michelin, Iconographie zoophytologique, p. 329, pi. 79, fig. 1. 

1854. Membranipora calpensis Busk, Catalogue of the Marine Polyzoa, British Museum, Cheilosto- 
mata, pt. 2, p. 60, pi. 104, fig. 5, 6. 

1879. Micropora impressa Waters, On the Bryozoa of the Bay of Naples, Annals Magazine Natural 
History, ser. 5, vol. 3, p. 1230. 

1902. Micropora impressa Calvet, Bryozoaires marins des cotes de Corse, Travaux de l’lnstitut 
de Zoologie de l’Universite de Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. 12, p. 17. 

1910. Micropora impressa Canu, Bryozoairs fossiles de terrains du Sud. Ouest de la France, Bulletin 

Socidtd G6ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 10, p. 844, pi. 16, fig. 6 (variety). 

1911. Micropora impressa Mme.Guerin-Ganivet, Contribution a l’etude des Bryozoaires des cotes 

Armoricaines, I, Travaux scientifique du Laboratoire de Concarneau, vol. 3, p. 5, pi. 1 

1919. Calpensia impressa Canu and Bassler, Geology and Palentology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 84, pi. 1, fig. 11. 

The discovery of this species in America was a great surprise, since it has here¬ 
tofore been noted only in the Mediterranean area, where its zoaria occur in great 
abundance, especially along the African coast. Our determination is nevertheless 
an exact one, as we possess so many specimens for comparison that we should not 
be mistaken. 

The bibliography of this species given by Pergens, Jelly, and Waters is incorrect, 
for they have confounded many distinct species. Canu noted five of them in 1911. 
In spite of its antiquity there are no unquestioned references to the species other 
than those we have given above. 

The zoarium may be incrusting or Eschara-like. We have never observed an 
ovicell—indeed, the species may have none. 

Occurrence. —Oligocene (Antigua formation): Carlisle marl pit, Antigua, Lee¬ 
ward Islands (rare). 

Geological distribution. —Helvetian of Brittany, France (Michelin); Sahelian 
of Oran (Canu collection); Sicilian of Italy (Neviani). 

Habitat.— Mediterranean: Gibraltar, Corsica, Tuscany, Naples, Adriatic, 
Aegean Sea, Tunis, Algeria, Morocco; Atlantic off Brittany. It abounds at a depth 
of 25-30 meters and is very common at the depths of 75-100 meters. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68513, U.S.N.M. 

Genus VERMINARIA Jullien, 1888. 

1888. Verminaria Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn. VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, p. 78. 

The cryptocyst bears many opesiules on each side. The opesium is subterminal. 
(After Jullien.) 

Genotype. — Verminaria ( Membranipora) oblonga Busk, 1859. Pliocene. 

Genus MICROPORINA Levinsen, 1909. 

1909. Microporina Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous 
Bryozoa, p. 162. 

The two opesiulae, which, however, are sometimes filled up, appear as simple 
perforations. Numerous pores. No ovicell, but avicularia with crossbar occur. 


84 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Each distal wall and the distal half of each lateral wall with a row (6-8) of one or 
two pored rosette plates [septulae]. A longitudinal series of parietal muscles is 
placed on each side between the cryptocyst and the covering membrane. 

Genotype.—Microporina {Cellaria) borealis Busk and Microporina ( Micropora ) 
elongata Hincks, 1880. Range: Campanian, Recent. 

Homalostega amphora Marsson, 1887, from the Campanian of Rugen, also 
belongs to this genus. 

Genus CORYNOSTYLUS Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

1919. Corynostylus Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 86. 

No ovicell. The opercular valve articulates on two condyles. The zooecia are 
club shaped and provided with a gymnocyst. The zoarium is articulated. 

Genotype.—Corynostylus labiatus Canu and Bassler, 1919. Miocene. 

This genus has no recent equivalent but its structure is easy to interpret. 
The two condyles serve as a hinge for the strongly chitinized opercular valve. The 
lower part of the opesium placed below served evidently as passage for the opesiular 
fibers attached to the ectocj-st. The deep cavity of the cryptocyst served as a 
hydrostatic apparatus for the entrance and exit of the polypide. Like most of 
the articulated genera, the zoarium in this one probably was fastened on large 
mobile, algae. 

CORYNOSTYLUS LABIATUS Canu and Bassler, 1919. 


Plate 2, figs. 11-13. 

1919. Corynostylus labiatus Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies. 
Bryozoa, Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 87, pi. 2, figs. 11-13. 


Description. —The zoarium is articulated and formed of long regular segments. 
The segments are compressed, bilamellar, formed of three longitudinal rows of 
zooecia on each side. The zooecia are elongate, oval, distinct, rounded in front, 
narrowed behind and are provided with a convex gymnocyst with large pores; 
the mural rim is thick, regular, granular. The opesium is elongate, oval, pro¬ 
vided with a proximal, salient lip placed between two rounded opesiular indenta¬ 
tions. The two condyles are quite salient. The cryptocyst is deep and smooth. 


,, , ~ ho = 0.12 mm. 

Measurements .—Opesia 7 . ,. 

' \ to = 0.10 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 


lz = 0.20 — 0.28 mm. 

Affinities. —The first zooecium of each segment is radicular; it gives rise to 
three polypidian zooecia. 

Occurrence.— Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Do¬ 
mingo (common). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68514, U.S.N.M. 


CORYNOSTYLUS ELLIPT1CUS Canu and Bassler, 1919. 


Plate 2, figs. 8-10. 

1919. Corynostylus ellipticus Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 87, pi. 2, 
figs. 8-10. 

Description. —The zoarium is articulated. The segments are formed of two 
longitudinal rows of zooecia placed only on one side of the zoarium. The zooecia 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


85 


are distinct, club shaped, with long, convex, and porous gymnocyst. The mural 
rim is thin and granular. The opesium is elliptical, elongate, surrounded by a 
salient rim; the two condyles are large and median. The cryptocyst is deep, 
smooth, and small. , 


,, . k = 0.14 mm, 

Measurements .—Opesia 7 . , _ 

r [lo — 0.10 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 

= 0.20- 0.22 mm. 


Ajfiinities. —This species differs from Corynostylus labiatus in its unilamellar 
segments with only two zooecial rows and in the absence of a salient lip proximal 
to the opesium. Only the fragments figured have been found; they are extremely 
fragile. 

Occurrence. —Low r er Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Do¬ 
mingo (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68515, U.S.N.M. 



E. Melicerita 


Fig. 14.—Genera of the family Cellariidae Hincks, 1880. 

A. Cellaria Authors. C. sinuosa Hassall, 1841. X 50. Recent. (After Hincks, 1880.) 

B. Erina Canu 1908. E. patagonica Canu, 1908. Cretaceous. (After Canu, 1908.) 

C. Cianotremella Canu, 1911. C. gigantea Canu, 1911. Cretaceous. (After Canu, 1911.) 

D. Euginoma Jullien, 1882. E. vermiformis Jullien, 1882. X 21. Recent. (After Jullien, 1882.) 
Upper right-hand figure, zooecium enlarged, showing ovicell. 

E. Melicerita Milne-Edwards, 1838. M. charlesworthi Busk, 1859. X 25. Pliocene. (After 
Busk, 1859.) 

Family CELLARIIDAE Hincks, 1880. 

Genus CELLARIA Authors. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 272.) 

CELLARIA FISSURIFERA, new species. 

Plate 34, figs. 15-18. 

Description .—The segments are cylindrical, slender at the base. The zooecia 
are rhomboidal, distinct, adjacent or partially separated by a very deep furrow; 
the mural rim is thin, salient, sharp, and ornamented w T ith small tuberosities; the 
cryptocyst is smooth, deep, scarcely convex. The apertura is semilunar, sur- 



86 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


rounded by a thin and salient peristome; the proximal lip is very convex and bears 
two very small lateral denticles. The orifice of the ovicell, which is endotoichal, 
is small. The zooecia bearing branches are narrow, with an elliptical elongate orifice. 
The interzooecial avicularium is elliptical or subrectangular; its opesium is irreg¬ 
ular. 

Lz = 0.85 mm. 
fe = 0.30 mm. 

Affinities. —In the determination of Cellaria, one must take into considera¬ 
tion the zooecia bearing branches which are somewhat equivalent to the “basis 
ramae” of Crisia. Their orifice serves as a place for a horny cylindrical joint. 

This species differs from Cellaria mandibulata Hincks, figured by Miss Robert¬ 
son, 1905, in the small round orifice of the ovicell and in the form and size of its 
zooecia bearing branches, winch are narrow and provided with an elongate orifice 
and not transverse, and in the absence of large avicularian zooecia. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica, California (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68516, U.S.N.M. 

CELLARIA MANDIBULATA Hincks, 1882. 

Plate 34, figs. 11-14. 

1882. Cellaria mandibulata Hincks, Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Annals and Maga¬ 
zine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 10, p. 462; 1884, ser. 5, vol. 13, p. 203, p. 9, fig. 7. 

1905. Cellaria mandibulata Robertson, Nonincrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the West 
Coast of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, no. 5, 
p. 288, pi. 15, figs. 87, 89; pi. 16, fig. 103. 

,, J . f ha = 0.07 mm „ . \ Lz = 0.60 mm 

Measurements .—Apertura 7 . , . Zooecia 7 _ __ 

r lfa = 0.14 mm. [Zz = 0.39mm. 

Variations. —The orifice of the ovicell is quite variable; sometimes it is an 
ellipse, elongate and narrow; more often it is an orbicular orifice. The two forms 
may exist on the same segment. The avicularian zooecia are enormous and com¬ 
parable to those which are observed on the recent specimens. The reader will 
comprehend their function by studying Miss Robertson’s figure 88 . The orifice 
of the zooecia bearing branches is round, surrounded by a salient peristome. 

Occurrence.- —Pleistocene: Los Angeles, California (very common). 

Habitat. —Pacific Ocean off San Pedro and San Diego, California. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68517, U.S.N.M. 

CELLARIA DIFFUSA Robertson, 1905. 

Plate 34, figs. 19, 20. 

1905. Cellaria diffusa Robertson, Nonincrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the West Coast of 
North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, no. 5, p. 289, 
pi. 15, fig. 90; pi. 16, fig. 104. 

We have found very few fragments of this large and superb species. We 
have observed the same proximal tongue in the orifice of the ovicell, the same 
proximal convexity of the apertura, and the same rectangular interzooecial avicu¬ 
larium. Our micrometric measurements would be slightly larger if the scale of 
Miss Robertson be exact. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon) and Los Angeles, 
California (rare). 

Habitat.— Pacific Ocean off California. 

Plesiotype.— Cat. No. 68518, U.S.N.M. 


,, ^ . |k = 0.15 mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura i a = Q 17 mm 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 87 

Genus ERINA Canu, 1908. 

1908. Erina Canu, Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de l’Argentine, pt. 1, Anales del Museo 
Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. 17, p. 273. 

The opesium is round, without oral denticles. 

Genotype.—Erina patagonica Canu, 1908. Patagonian. 

Genus MELICERITA Milne-Edwards, 1836. 

1836. Melicerita Milne-Edwards, Recherches anatomiques sur les Eschares, Annales des Sciences 
Naturelles, Zoologie, ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 26. 

The zoarium is bilamellar and not articulated. 

Genotype.—Melicerita charlesworthi Milne-Edwards, 1836. Asti an. 

Genus EUGINOMA Jullien, 1882. 

1882, Euginoma Jullien, Dragages du Travailleur: Bryozoaires, Bulletin Soci^td Zoologique de 
France, vol. 7, p. 520. 

The zooecia are all turned forward and arranged in longitudinal rows; they are 
hexagonal, limited by a suture in relief; the orifice is semicircular, deprived of spines; 
the ovicell is formed by the raising of the wall of two zooecia superior to that which 
bears it; it is divided into two halves by the sutural line of these zooecia; its opening, 
like a policeman's helmet, is entirely above and in front of the orifice. Dorsal face 
of the zoarium is divided into trapezoidal areas which are the dorsal faces of two 
zooecia. (After Jullien.) 

Genotype.—Euginoma vermiformis Jullien, 1882. Recent. 

THE COSTULAE. 

Family CRIBRILINIDAE Hincks, 1880. 

Genus CRIBRILINA Gray, 1848. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 290.) 

CRIBRILINA PUNCTATA Hassall, 1841. 

Plate 15, fig. 11. 

1841. Lepralia punctata Hassall, Supplement to Catalogue of Irish Zoophytes, Annals and Maga¬ 
zine Natural History, vol. 7, p. 368, pi. 9, fig. 7. 

1889. Cribrilina punctata Jelly, A Synonymic Catalogue of the Recent Marine Bryozoa, p. 67 
(synonymy). 

1901. Cribrilina ( Arachnopusia) punctata Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie, Paleonto- 
graphia Italica, vol. 6, p. 174 (local bibliography). 

1904. Lepralia marylandica Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 425, 

pi. 117, fig. 2. 

1905. Cribrilina ( Arachnopusia ) punctata Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare (Calabria), Bol- 

lettino Societa Geologica Italiana, vol. 23, p. 523. 

1907. Cribrilina punctata Calvet, Bryozoaires, Expedition, scientifique du Travailleur et du 
Talisman, p. 398 (bibliography). 

1912. Cribrilina punctata Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region, Bulletin Bureau Fish¬ 
eries, vol. 30, 1910, p. 232, pi. 24, "fig. 41 (bibliography). 



88 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


This species lives mainly in the temperate and frigid regions and does not 
approach the Tropics. Its presence in the Miocene at Cove Point, Maryland, where 
it was described as Lepralia marylandica by Ulrich and Bassler, is very remarkable 
and would indicate the existence of a very cold boreal current. 

Occurt'ence. —Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland (rare). 

Geological distribution. —Pliocene and Quaternary of Austria-Hungary (Busk, 
Bell) and of Italy (Seguenza). 

Habitat. —Arctic Ocean: Jean Mayen (140-180 meters), Franz Joseph Land 
(210 meters); Sea of Kara; North Sea; Norway; Germany; Denmark (9-25 meters). 
Eastern Atlantic off England in the English Channel, in the Gulf of Gascony. 
Mediterranean (57-77 meters) and Adriatic. Madeira Islands. Western Atlantic 
from the St. Laurence to the Woods Hole Region. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68519, U.S.N.M. (Holotype of Lepralia marylandica 
Ulrich and Bassler.) 


CRIBRILINA LIGULATA, new species. 

Plate 15, fig. 14. 


Description. —The zoarium is encrusting a Pecten. The zooecia are distinct, 
separated by a deep furrow, elongated, regularly elliptical; the frontal is convex 
and bears 15 narrow, little salient costules; the lacunae are rectangular and larger 
on the margin than on the median zooecial axis. The apertura is large, tranverse, 
semilunar but with a concave proximal border; the peristome is wide, smooth, little 
salient; it bears four spines which can be transformed into two or three tongues 
by coalescence. The ancestrula is membraniporoid. 


nr . . [7ia = 0.10mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura ^ 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 

mm. I Iz — 0.30-0.32 mm. 

Affinities. —In its exterior aspect this species much resembles Lepralia man- 
zonii Reuss, 1874, from the Tortonian of Austria-Hungary, but it differs in the pres¬ 
ence of its liguliform spines. Normally there are only four large spines, but they 
become thickened easily and joined together to form two or three very salient 
tonguelike plates. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Calvert formation): 1 mile south of Parkers Creek, 
Calvert County, Maryland (very rare). 

Holotype.— Cat. No. 68520, U.S.N.M. 


CRIBRILINA CUSPIDATA, new species. 


Plate 15, fig. 15. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, large, elongate; the frontal is very convex; it is surrounded by 
a line of small lacunae and ornamented with 5 or 6 large lacunae in the form of a 
crescent. The lumen is not visible. The apertura is semilunar; the anter is very 
large and the poster is concave. The ovicell is hyperstomial. Between the zoo¬ 
ecia are large triangular avicularia in the form of the bead of a lance; the beak is 
rounded and turned toward the top. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ba = 0.17 mm. 
la = 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.85 mm. 

Iz = 0.35 — 0.50 mm. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


89 


Affinities. —This species is very little distinct from Escharipora mucronata Smitt, 
1872, formerly dredged in the waters off Florida. It is distinguished from it in 
its larger and less salient mucro and in having more than three lacunae on the 
frontal. 

The species of Smitt has not yet been rediscovered; we are ignorant, there¬ 
fore, of its variations. It is hardly probable that the frontal pores would always 
be so constant as they are drawn on Smitt’s figures, but as we are not able to judge 
the nature of the variations we are obliged to create a new species which will become 
perhaps in the future simply a variety. Only the figured specimen has been found. 

Occurrence. —Miocene: Santiago, Cuba (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68521, U.S.N.M. 

Genus PUELLINA Jullien, 1886. 


(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 293.) 

PUELLINA HERRMANNI Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Plate 35, figs. 2, 3. 


1862. Reptescharella herrmanni Gabb and Horn, Monograph Fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary and 
Tertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel¬ 
phia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 137, pi. 19, fig. 20. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are large, elongate, 
elliptical, distinct, separated by a furrow and little convex. The costules are wide, 
flat, numbering from eight to ten; the lacunae are small and increase in size from 
the talon toward the zooecial axis. The apertura is semilunar, transverse, with a 
rectilinear proximal border. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


7m = 0.10 mm. 
la = 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia 


1,2 = 0.60 mm. 
,Z 2 = 0.40 mm. 


Affinities. —The trace of the five oral spines as figured by Gabb and Horn is 
sometimes visible. In its exterior aspect and the width of the costules, this species 
is similar to Cribrilina reniformis Ortmann, 1890, and it differs from it only in the 
micrometric measurements if the magnification indicated by this author is exact. 

Occurrence.—Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68522, U.S.N.M. 


PUELLINA RADIATA forma SCRIPTA Reuss, 1847. 


Plate 15, fig. 12; plate 35, fig. 1. 


1847. Cellepora scripta Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger’s 
Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 2, p. 82, pi. 9, fig. 28. 


,, . fft,a = 0.06 mm. 

Measurements. —Aperturaj^__Q Qg 


Zooecia; 


Lz = 0.46 — 0.50 mm. 
72 = 0.24-0.30 mm. 


..... . k = 0.08mm. 

Apertura ot ovicelled zooecia , _ .... 

1 [la = 0.10 mm. 

Variations. —The variations figured by the authors are very great; they depend 

on the number of the costules and on their width and also on the size of the avicu- 

laria. The photographs of our specimens are quite similar to the figures of Reuss 

12184—23—Bull. 125-7 


90 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


and Manzoni; but the dimensions are generally larger than in Eocene examples,' 
all of them corresponding to specimens dredged in the Mediterranean. 

The operculum closes the ovicell. The latter is often keeled. The apertura 
of the ovicelled zooecia is always larger. The number of costules is never greater 
than 12 to 14. There are always five spines. 

Occurrence.—Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare). 
Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester County, 
Virginia (rare). Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. Nos. 68523-68525, U.S.N.M. 

PUELLINA RADIATA forma RARECOSTA Reuss, 1847. 

1847. Cellepora rarecosta Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger’s 
Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 11, p. 82, pi. 10, fig. 4. 

This form is recognizable by the small number and prominence of the costules. 
It accompanies the typical form of the species at many recent and fossil localities. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica, California (rare). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68526, U.S.N.M. 

PUELLINA RADIATA CAROLINENSIS Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Plate 1, fig. 10. 

1862. Reptescharella carolinensis Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary 
formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, vol. 5, p. 136, 
pi. 19, fig. 18. 

1919. Puellina radiata carolinensis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West 

Indies, Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 90, 
pi. 1, fig. 12. 

1920. Puellina radiata carolinensis Canu and Bassler, Mongraph North American Early Tertiary 

Bryozoa, Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 297, pi. 41, fig. 19. 

This variety is characterized by its smooth peristome, without tuberosities, 
and by the small canal of the avicularium, which is larger than in the type. 

In reality the spines have not disappeared; on the perfect specimens they are 
still visible, but they never have the size and importance of those which decorate 
the type. The zooecia are a little larger and have 16 costules. 

Occurrence. —Jacksonian of South Carolina and Alabama; Vicksburgian of 
Alabama. Oligocene (Anguilla formation): Southwest side of Crocus Bay Bluff, 
125 feet above sea level, Anguilla, Leeward Islands (rare). Oligocene (Antigua 
formation): Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward Islands (rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68527, U.S.N.M. 

PUELLINA INNOMINATA Couch, 1844. 

Plate 15, fig. 13. 

1844. Lepralia innominata Couch, Cornish Fauna, pt. 3, p. 114. 

1900. Cribrilina radiata, var. innominata Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie, Palaeonto- 
graphia Italica, vol. 6, p. 171 (regional bibliography). 

1905. Cribrilina radiata, var. innominata Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare, Bollettino della 
Societa Geologica Italiana, vol. 23, p. 523 (sep. 21). 

1909. Puellina innominata Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira, Journal Linnean Society London, 
Zoology, vol. 30, p. 291 (zoological bibliography). 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


91 


Variations. —The genus Puellina as limited by Jullien, 1886, and Levinsen, 
1909, does not appear to us as well characterized as it is based on the presence of 
papillae whose physiologic function is not very evident. The relationship of the 
operculum to the ovicell constitutes for us generic characters of a greater import¬ 
ance in the Costulae as in the other Cheilostomata. It is in this feature that the 
present species is quite different from Puellina ( Cribrilina ) radiata, for the ovicell 
is never closed by the operculum. According to our views of classification it will 
be necessary to form a new genus for this type. 

On our specimen the suboral pore is often replaced by a tubercle. The costules 
are fine and the lacunae are arranged in concentric series. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). 

Geological distribution.— Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza); Astian of Italy 
(Seguenza); Sicilian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Waters, 
Seguenza, DeStefani). 

Habitat. —England, Mediterranean, Florida. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68528, U.S.N.M. 


PUELLINA CRASSILABIATA, new species. 


Plate 29, fig. 7. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are elliptical, regular, 
very little elongated, distinct, convex, separated by a furrow; the radial costules 
number 12 and taper toward the center, they are garnished with three large lumen 
pores and separated by four lacunae of diminishing size. The aperture is semi¬ 
lunar; the peristome is salient, very thin, and bears three hollow spines; a thick 
transverse lip borders the proximal edge of the apertura, between the two small 
oral avicularia. The ovicell is large, globular, salient, punctured by small, scattered 
pores; it opens by a special orifice in front of the oral lip. 


Measurements. 


. , \ha = Q.12 mm. 

-Apertura 


mm. 


„ . |i 0 = O.5O mm. 

Zooecia 7 _ __ 

l £2 = 0.35 mm. 


Ajfinities. —The apertura of the ovicelled zooecia is wider and measures 0.12 mm. 
in width. The ovicell is not closed by the operculum and the passage of the eggs 
is protected by the wide oral mucro. This species does not belong, therefore, to 
the genus Puellina, since the two functions of the passage of the eggs and the escape 
of the larva operate in an absolutely different fashion than in Puellina radiata 
Moll, 1803. There are six dietellae. 

In the presence of two small oral avicularia, it resembles the following species: 
It differs from Puellina puncturata Busk, 1859, in its elongate and non transverse 
ovicell. It differs from Puellina calomorpha Reuss, 1866, in its apertura non- 
transverse and garnished with less than five spines. It differs from Puellina 
parisiensis Canu, 1917, in its thin nontransverse peristome, garnished with three 
spines and not with two tuberosities. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County. 
South Carolina (rare). 

Holotype.— Cat. No. 68529, U.S.N.M. 


92 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus METRACOLPOSA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 304.) 


METRACOLPOSA MUCRONATA, new species. 


Plate 35, fig. 4. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are large, elongate, 
elliptical, distinct, convex, separated by a deep furrow. The costules, numbering 
10 to 12, are wide, robust, convex, and bear some lumen pores; the lacunae are 4 in 
number and are small and orbicular. The apertura is oblique, elliptical, transverse; 
its proximal border bears a bifid, salient mucro. The ovicell is large, salient, con¬ 
vex; keeled, sunken in the distal zooecium; it opens in front of the mucro and can 
not be closed by the operculum. 


Measurements .—Apertura 


ha = 0.10 

Za = 0.18 


mm. 

mm. 


Apertura of ovicelled zooecium 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.40-0.46 mm. 
lz = 0.34-0.36 mm. 
ha = 0.15 mm. 
la = 0.22 mm. 


Affinities. —The genus Metracolposa was discovered in the American Eocene 
formations, where it is widely represented by vigorous, bilamellar species. Its 
presence in the zone of the Pacific seems to indicate a great geographic extension in 
geologic time. Its presence even in the recent seas is quite probable. We should 
recall that the mucro of the Cheilostomatous zooecia is an apparatus of protection 
for the passage of the eggs. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68530, U.S.N.M. 

Family HIPPOTHOIDAE Levinsen, 1909. 

Genus HIPPOTHOA (Lamouroux, 1821) Hincks, 1880. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 326.) 

HIPPOTHOA HYALINA Linnaeus, 1768. 

Plate 35, figs. 5-8. 

1768. Cellepora hyalina Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, p. 1286. 

1859. Lepralia hyalina Busk, Monograph Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications Paleontographical 
Society, London, vol. 14, p. 52, pi. 5, fig. 1. 

1880. Schizoporella hyalina Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 271, pi. 18, figs. 8-10. 

1889. Schizoporella hyalina Jelly, A synonymic Catalogue Recent Marine Bryozoa, p. 227 (biblio¬ 
graphy). 

1894. Schizoporella hyalina Levinsen, Mosdyr. Zoologica Danica (Danske Dyr), Hefte 9, p. 66, 
pi. 5, figs. 45-47. 

1896. Celleporella hyalina Nordgaard, Systemetisk fortegnelse over dei Norge hidtil observer de, 
arteraf marine polyzoa, I, Cheilostomata, Bergen’s Musuem Aarbogfor 1894-95, No. 2, p. 23. 

1900. Hippothoa hyalina Waters, Bryozoa from Franz-Josef Land, Journal Linnean Society London, 
vol. 18, p. 70, pi. 8, figs. 16-18. 

1900. Celleporella hyalina Nordgaard, Den Norske Nordnays-Expedition, Zoology no., vol. 17, 
p. 10. 

1902. Schizoporella hyalina Calvet, Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette, Travaux de l’Institut 
Zoologie, University Montpellier, ser. 2, Memoire XI, p. 44. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


93 


1903. Hippothoa kyalina Norman, Notes on the Natural History of East Finnmark, Annals Magazine 

Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 12, Polyzoa, p. 108. 

1904. Schizoporella hyalina Calvet, Bryozoen, Ergebnisse der Hamberger Magalbaensiche Sammel- 

reise, p. 25. 

1905. Hippothoa hyalina Nordgaard, Hydrographical and biological investigations in Norwegian 

fiords, Bergen Museum, p. 165. 

1906. Hippothoa hyalina Waters, Bryozoa from Chatham Island and d’Urville Island, New Zealand. 

Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 17, p. 19. 

1906. Celleporella hyalina Nordgaard, Die Bryozoen des westlichen Norwegens, Bergen Musuem 

Meeres-fauna von Bergen, p. 87. 

1907. Schizoporella hyalina Calvet, Bryozoaires, Expedition scientifiques Travailleur et Talisman, 

p. 415. 

1907. Hippothoa hyalina Nordgaard, Campagne arctique de 1907 de Due D’Orleans. Bryozo¬ 

aires, p. 9. 

1908. Schizoporella hyalina Robertson, Incrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the West Coast 

of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, No. 5, p. 289, 
pi. 19, fig. 43-45 (not synonomy). 

1911. Schizoporella hyalina Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a 1’ etude des Bryozoaires des cotes 

Armoricaines, II, Bryozoaires provenant de la rade-de Brest, Travaux du Laboratoire de 
Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 3, p. 2. 

1912. Hippothoahyalina Osbvws, The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region, Bulletin Bureau Fisheries, 

vol. 30, 1910, p. 235, pi. 24, fig. 47 (American bibliography). 

1912. Hippothoa hyalina Nordgaard, Revision av norske Bryozoer, Kgl. norske Yidenskabers 
Selskabs Skriften, 1911, no. 3, p. 20. 

1912. Schizoporella hyalina Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a l’dtude des Bryozoaires des cotes 
Armoricaines, III, Bryozoaires de la region de Concarneau, Travaux scientifiques du 
Laboratoire de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 4, p. 14. • 

1912. Schizoporella hyalina Barroso, Briozoos de la estacion maritima de Santander, Trabajos del 

Museo de ciencias naturales, no. 5, p. 16. 

1913. Schizoporella hyalina Guerin-Ganivet, Bryozoaires de la Mission arctique, Societe d’oeeano- 


graphique de Golfe de Gascogne, fasc. 7, p. 26. 

A number of varieties of this widespread recent and fossil species have been 


described. Their present day arrangement is as follows: 

Variety lougainvillei D’Orbigny, 1839, is a distinct species. 

Variety discreta Busk, 1852, is Diazeuxia reticulans Jullien, 1888. 
Variety muricata Busk, 1852, is Diazeuxia Icerguelenensis Jullien, 1888. 
Variety cornuta Hincks, 1880, from Australia belongs to another genus. 
Variety cornuta Hincks, 1880, from Natal is another species. 

Variety from Santa Cruz (Hincks, 1880) is a distinct species. 

Variety from Australia (MacGillivray) is a distinct species. 


Measurements. —Ordinary zooecia: Apertura- 



ha = 0.10 mm. 
la = 0.10 mm. 
Lz = 0A0 mm. 


Zooecia- 


Lz = 0.40 mm. 
lz = 0.20 mm. 


Male zooecia: 





94 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Variations. —The ordinary zooecia and the ovicelled zooecia develop on the 
same plane. The male zooecia have no fixed place and lap over very often on the 
others; when they are numerous and erect they give to the zoarium an aspect of 
Cellepora, which explains its generic name of Celleporella given by certain authors. 
The presence of three sorts of zooecia renders this species easy to determine; 
however, it is not rare to find zoaria uniquely formed of ordinary zooecia, in which 
case the determination is more difficult. 

This species generally lives on algae and the depths indicated by the dredgings 
gives only information of secondary importance when the substratum is unknown. 
This is a species of the cold boreal zone and it never goes farther south than the 
forty-second parallel. We have found in the Pliocene of Monroe County, Florida, a 
mediocre specimen of a very closely related species. We will only give it a name 
if we have the chance to find better specimens. Generally its micrometric measure¬ 
ments are more reduced. 


Measurements. —Ordinary zooecia: 


Apertura- 


ha = 0.08 mm. 
/a = 0.08 mm. 


Zooecia 


is = 0.30 mm. 
Iz = 0.20 mm. 


Male zooecia: 


Apertura 


ha = 0.04: mm. 
la = 0.04 mm. 


r, ■ \Lz = 0.16-0.20 mm. 

% Zooecia 7 n 10 

l 12 = 0.12 mm. 

t 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (rare); Dead Man’s Island off San 
Pedro (rare); Los Angeles and Santa Monica, California (rare). 

Geological distribution. —Plaisancian of England (Busk). 

Habitat. —Arctic Ocean: Iceland (162 meters); Franz Joseph Land (12-150 
meters); Barents Sea (106 meters); Jean Mayen; Spitzberg; Greenland (4-48 
meters); Sea of Kara; Nova Zembla (3-32 meters). North Sea: Norway; Germany; 
Denmark (8-27 meters). Eastern Atlantic: Off England, English Channel, Gulf 
of Gascony. Western Atlantic: Labrador, Woods Hole region. Eastern Pacific: 
Alaska, California. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68531, 68532, U.S.N.M. 


HIPPOTHOA HYALINA, var. BUGOSA, new variety. 

Plate 35, fig. 9. 

Only the figured specimen has been found; it perhaps forms a distinct species. 
The large transverse wrinkles of the frontal are very characteristic. The species 
differ from Hippothoa bougainvillei D’Orbigny, 1839, in the absence of two large 
frontal beaks. 

Occurrence.— Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68533,U.S.N.M. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


95 


Genus TRYPOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 327.) 

TRYPOSTEGA VENUSTA Norman, 1864. 

Plate 16, fig. 1. 

1920. Trypostega venusta Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, 
Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 330 p. 85, figs. 15, 16 (bibliography and descrip¬ 
tion.). 

The earliest appearance of this recent species in the Tertiary rocks of America 
is in the Vicksburgian of Mississippi and Alabama, where it is quite rare. The 
Miocene deposits of North Carolina have furnished a very few specimens which 
differ in no appreciable respect from the typical form. 

Occurrence. —Miocene: (Duplin marl) Wilmington, North Carolina (very rare). 
Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester County, 
Virginia (rare). 

Geological distribution. —Miocene of Australia (Waters); Vicksburgian of the 
United States (Canu and Bassler). 

Habitat. —Eastern Atlantic: English Channel, Madeira, Azores, Cape Verde 
Islands. Pacific: Lifu, Loyalty Island, Torres Straits. China Sea, Tozar Bank 
(43 meters). Indian Ocean: Saya de Malha (46-202 meters); Mauritius; Wasin, 
British East Africa (162 meters). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68534, U.S.N.M. 

Family ESCHARELLIDAE, Levinsen, 1909. 

Group , SCHIZOPORELLAE Canu and Bassler, 1917. 


Genus SCHIZOPORELLA Hincks, 1880. 

As employed in our Monograph on the North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, 
Schizoporella is retained for species showing no ovicell and which therefore can not 
be grouped in their proper place in the Schizoporellae. 

SCHIZOPORELLA MAGNIPOROSA, new species. 


Plate 45, figs. 1, 2. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts sponges. The zooecia are distinct, sepa¬ 
rated by a furrow, irregularly hexagonal; the frontal is little convex, porous, per¬ 
forated by large, scattered tremopores. The apertura is formed of a semicircular 
anter and of a wide rounded rimule. Near the apertura there are one or two small 
setiform avicularia. 


,, . [7ia = 0.18 mm. 

JxLCCISUVCTYlCTitS• Apcrtlll S/i ^ q 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.65 mm. 
lz = 0.50-0.55 mm. 


Affinities. —Only the figured specimens have been found, and as they are incom¬ 
plete and bear no ovicell it is impossible as yet to classify the species generically. 
The presence of small, oral, vibraculoid avicularia seems to indicate that this species 
belongs in reality to the genus Mastigophora. 

The ancestrular zooecia are much smaller. The ancestrula bears a large ellip¬ 
tical aperture occupying almost all its frontal. 





96 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


This species differs from Mastigopliora porosa Smitt, 1872, in its larger tremo- 
pores and in the smaller apertura. 

Occurrence.— Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68535, U.S.N.M. 

SCHIZOPORELLA LATISINUATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 18, fig. 4. 

1904. Schizoporella latisinuata Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa: Maryland Geological Survey, 
Miocene, p. 421, pi. 119, fig. 2-4. 

Description. —Zoarium forming thin parasitic expansions over foreign bodies. 
Zooecia sharply distinguished from each other, rather irregularly arranged, often 
subrhomboidal, four or five in 2 mm.; surface coarsely punctate. Orifice terminal, 
directed somewhat obliquely forward, subcircular, broadly sinuate proximally, 
enclosed by a slightly elevated peristome. Avicularia rather small, prominent, one 
on either or both sides of the orifice, rarely wanting, situated close to the peristome; 
apparently not divided by a septum. Ovicells not observed. (Ulrich and Bassler.) 


Measurements.— Apertura- 


ha = 0.10 mm. 
Za = 0.10 mm. 


Short zooecia- 


[1/2 = 0.40-0.45 mm. 
[ 72 = 0.40 mm. 


Long zooecia 


Lz = 0.60 mm. 
Iz = 0.30 mm. 


Affinities. —The aperture is as high as wide and buried at the base of a small 
peristome. The avicularium is infraoral; its beak-is directed toward the median 
axis of the zooecia. The species has the exterior aspect of Stylopoma isahelleana 
Smitt, 1872, but differs in its larger avicularium and in the wider rimule of the 
aperture. We have not discovered the ovicell and are therefore not able to classify 
the species generically. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68536, U.S.N.M. 


SCHIZOPORELLA CUMULATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 16, fig. 10. 

1904. Schizoporella cumulata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene, p. 422, 
pi. 17, fig. 7. 

The original description is as follows: 

Zoarium probably massive, composed of layers of zooecia arranged very irregularly and piled upon 
each other much as in Cellepora. Zooecia of irregular shapes, often broad ovate, convex, large, 0.5 mm. 
or 0.6 mm. in length and nearly 0.5 mm. in width. Orifice rounded, slightly transverse, the proximal 
side broadly notched; peristome somewhat elevated, thick. Surface distinctly and abundantly punctate. 
Avicularia rather variable in size, situated on only one or on both sides of the orifice, the acuminate 
end of the aperture elevated and turned outwardly. Ovicells not observed. 

The general aspect of this bryozoan is decidedly like that of a Cellepora , and we can scarcely doubt 
that it is related to some of the species still referred to that genus. We have placed it under Schizoporella, 
not because we are satisfied that it really belongs there, but for the reason that its zooecial orifices and 
the avicularia are almost exactly as in other species (e. g., S. subquadrata and S. latisinuata) that we 
have referred to this genus. From these it is distinguished principally by the extremely irregular 
arrangement and piling up of the zooecia. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 07 

In the absence of ovicells on the few specimens found we are unable to classify 
this species in the correct division of the Schizoporellae. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland (very rare). 
Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68537, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ARTHROPOMA Levinsen, 1909. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 351.) 


ARTHROPOMA CORNUTA, new species. 

Plate 16, fig. 3. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, little elongate, swollen; the frontal is convex covered by large 
tremopores and ornamented by a small salient median protuberance. The apertura 
is semilunar, transverse and bears on its rectillinear, proximal border a very small 
sinus. 


Measuremerits. 


-Apertura 


ha = 0.10 mm. 
la = 0.14 mm. 


Zooecia 


jZ -2 = 0.70 mm. 
1/2 = 0.50 mm. 


Affinities. —The form of the rimule leaves no doubt regarding the arrangement 
of this species in the genus Arthropoma. It differs from the genotype Arthropoma 
cecili Audouin, 1826, only in the presence of the small frontal protuberance. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 
25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68538, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DAKARIA Jullien, 1903. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 359.) 


DAKARIA CHEVREUXI Jullien, 1903. 

Plate 45, fig. 7. 


1903. Dakaria chevreuxi Jullien, Bryozoaires provenant des campagnes de VPirondelle (1886-1888), 
Rdsultats des Campagnes scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, fasc. 23, p. 90, pi. 9, fig. 6. 

We have found only a single specimen which is incrusting a coral, but in spite 
of its mediocre preservation we believe our determination to be exact. Each 
tremopore is surrounded by a small salient peristome. The oral avicularia are not 
constant. The proximal lip of the aperture ends in two condyles. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). 

Habitat. —Shores of Graciosa Isle, Azores. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68539, U.S.N.M. 

DAKARIA GRANDIS, new species. 

Plate 20, fig. 16. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are large, distinct, 
elongated, elliptical, separated by a deep furrow; the frontal is convex, ornamented 
with numerous small tremopores and minute granulations. The apertura is orbicu¬ 
lar or somewhat transverse; two strong condyles placed in the lower third limit the 
broad rounded sinus; the peristome is entire, thin, salient, finally denticulated. 


98 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


r . . £0 = 0.95 mm. 

Zooecia 7 „ rr />a „ 

1/0 = 0.55-0.60 mm. 


,, , . , \ha = 0.25 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 . __ 

1 [la = 0.25 mm. 

Affinities. —This species is very close to the genotype Dakaria chevreuxi Jullien, 

1904, but it differs in the absence of salient threads between the zooecia, which are 

also more elongated and especially in the larger micrometric dimensions (£0 = 0.75 

mm.). 

Occurrence.— Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia (rare). 
Holotype. —Cat. No. 68540, U.S.N.M. 

DAKARIA TORQUATA D’Orbigny, 1839. 


Plate 12, figs. 8, 9. 


1839. 


1845. 


1851. 


Escharina torquata D’Orbigny, Voyage dans l’Amerique-Meridionale, vol. 5, pt. 4, Zoo¬ 
phytes, p. 11, pi. 4, figs. 1-4. 

Escharina tumidula Lonsdale, Report on the Corals from the Tertiary formations of North 
America, Quarterly Journal Geological Society, London, vol. 1, p. 502. (Not Flustra 
torquata Lamouroux, 1827, Encyclopedie Methodique, vol. 14, p. 407.) 

Cellepora subtorqmta D’Orbigny, Paleontologie francaise, Terrain Cretace, vol. 5, Bryo- 
zoaires, p. 399. 

1905. Cellepora subtorquata Waters, Notes on some Recent Bryozoa in D’Orbigny’s Collection, 
Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 15, p. 6. 

,, J . (&a = 0.15mm. „ . (£0 = 0.50 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 _ Zooecia 7 _ . _ 

1 [ /a = 0.15 mm. 1/0 = 0.40 mm. 

Affinities. —In 1851 D’Orbigny having noted that his Escharina torquata was 
not Flustra torquata Lamouroux, 1827, changed its name. Examining the type of 
the species Waters, 1905, wrote “D’Orbigny’s figure is good, but the lateral wings 
by the side of the sinus project more than is figured.” In 1884 Hincks believed he 
had found D’Orbigny’s species in the Pacific off California, but his good figure would 
not really permit this identification; the primitive name of Schizoporella dawsoni 
Hincks, 1883, applied by him to this species must therefore be preserved. The 
description and figure of Lonsdale leaves no doubt; we have indeed rediscovered 
his Escharina tumidula and in the same locality, namely, Petersburg, Virginia. 
D’Orbigny’s figure of the species is much better than that of Lonsdale. This 
species differs from Schizohrachiella sanguinea Norman, 1868, and Dakaria chev¬ 
reuxi Jullien, 1903, in a larger rimule and in the smaller micrometric dimensions. 
It incrusts shells and has no dietellae. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg 
(rare) and 2 miles southwest of Cash, Gloucester County, Virginia (rare). 

Habitat.— Atlantic: Bay of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68541, U.S.N.M. 

DAKARIA PARVIPOROSA, new species. 

Plate 30, fig. 1. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, long, 
separated by a furrow; the frontal is convex and formed by a tremocyst with very 
small pores. The apertura is large, orbicular with a very wide rimule of little depth. 

(/ia = 0.16 mm. ^ . (£0 = 0.50-0.60 mm. 


Measurements. —Apertura L _ q jg 


mm. 


Zooecia 


lz = 0.36-0.40 mm. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 99 

Affinities. —This species differs from Schizoporella insculpta Hincks, 1883, only- 
in the absence of the oral armature of the rimule and in the absence of a furrow near 
the apertura. The figured specimen is the only one that has been found; it lacks 
the ovicell and we can not make any close comparisons. 

Occurrence. —-Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68542, U.S.N.M. 

Genus LACERNA Jullien, 1888. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 345.) 

LACERNA MUCRONATA Smitt, 1872. 

Plate 16, fig. 2. 

1872. Hippothoa mucroneta Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akade- 
miens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 45, pi. 8, fig. 169. 

Our determination of the American specimens is exact. We can observe on 
our specimens the same costules, the six spines, the wide rimule and the complete 
peristome indicated on Smitt’s figure. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (very rare). 
Habitat. —Florida (47 meters). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68543, U.S.N.M. 

Genus STEPHANOSELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 343.) 

STEPHANOSELLA BIAPERTA Michelin, 1842. 

Plate 16, figs. 4-9. 

Zoological bibliography. 

1889. Schizoporella biaperta Jelly, Synonymic Catalogue Recent Marine Bryozoa, p. 223 (bibliog¬ 
raphy). 

1901. Schizoporella biaperta Whiteaves, Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrata of Eastern Canada, 
Geological Survey of Canada, Bull. no. 722, p. 100. 

1907. Schizoporella biaperta Calvet, Expedition scientifique Travailleur et Talisman, p. 419 (bibli¬ 

ography). 

1908. Schizoporella biaperta Robertson, The Incrusting Chilostomatous Bryozoa of the West Coast 

of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, p. 287, pi. 19, fig. 41. 

1909. Schizoporella biaperta Norman, The Polyzoa of Maderia and neighboring Islands, Journal 

Linnean Society London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 303, pi. 40, figs. 3, 4 (var. divergens). 

1912. Schizoporella biaperta Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region, Bulletin Bureau 
Fisheries, vol. 30, p. 237, pi. 29, fig. 49. 

1912. Schizoporella biaperta Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a 1' etude des Bryozoaires des cotes 
Armoricaines, III, Bryozoaires de la region de Concarneau, Travaux scientifiques du 
Laboratoire de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 4, p. 13. 

1912. Schizoporella biaperta Nordgaard, Campagne arctique de 1907, de Due d’Orleans, Bryozoaires 
p. 40. 

1912. Schizoporella biaperta Barroso, Briozoos de la Estacion de Biologia maritima de Santander, 
Trabajos del Museo de Ciencias naturales, no. 5, p. 40. 

1914. Schizoporella biaperta Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Publication Carnegie 
Institution of Washington, no. 182, p. 207. 




100 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Paleontological bibliography. 

1842. Eschara biaperta Michelin, Iconographie zoophytologique, p. 330, pi. 79, fig. 3. 

1859. Lepralia biaperta Busk, Monograpli Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications Paleontographical 
Society, London, vol. 14, p. 47, pi. 7, fig. 5. 

1862. Reptescharellina comuta Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary for¬ 
mations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ser. 2, 
vol. 5, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 31. 

1875. Lepralia biaperta Manzoni, I Briozoi del pliocene antico di Castrocaro, p. 21, pi. 2, fig. 28. 

1878. Lepralia biaperta Waters, Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Pliocene of Bruccoli (Sicily), Transac¬ 

tions Manchester Geological Society, vol. 14, p. 13, fig. 8. 

1879. Lepralia biaperta Seguenza, Le formazioni terziarie nella Provincia di Reggio (Calabria), 

Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Memorie della Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e 
Naturali, ser. 3, vol. 6, pp. 81, 202. 

1887. Lepralia biaperta Waters, On Tertiary Bryozoa from New Zealand, Quarterly Journal Geo¬ 
logical Society, London, vol. 43, p. 65. 

1895. Schizoporella biaperta MacGillivray, Monograph Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, Transactions 
Royal Society of Victoria, vol. 4, p. 85, pi. 11, fig. 20. 

1895. Schizoporella biaperta Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina e Monte Mario presso Roma, 

Paleontographica Italica, vol. 1, p. 110 (sep. 34). 

1896. Schizoporella biaperta Neviani, Briozoi Postpliocenici di Spilinga (Calabria), Atti Accademia 

Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 33, fig. 16. 

1896-1898. Schizoporella biaperta Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d’Italia, Bollettino 
della Societa Romana per gli Studi Zoologica, pt. 3, p. Ill (sep. 10); pt. 5, pp. 4, 7. 

1897. Schizoporella biaperta Neviani, Corallari e Briozoi neogenici di Sardigna, Bolletino della 

Societa Geologica Italiana, vol. 15, p. 588 (sep. 20). 

1901. Schizoporella biaperta Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie Paleontographia Italiana, 
vol. 6, p. 195 (sep. 8) (regional bibliography). 

1905. Schizoporella biaperta Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare (Calabria), Bollettino Societa 
Geologica Italiana, vol. 23, p. 532 (sep. 30). 

1919. Stephanosella biaperta Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 

Paleontology, Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 292, p. 91, pt. 1, 
figs. 16-18. 

1920. Stephanosella biaperta Canu and Bassler, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bull 

106, U. S. National Museum, p. 344. 


nr . . k = 0.10 mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura 7 . 

r la =0.10-0.12 mm, 


Zooecia 


[£2 = 0.40 mm. 
lz = 0.30 mm. 


Variations .—^This species is quite variable in its external aspects and in its 
micrometric measurements. The ovicelled zooecia are oriented in all directions; 
this absolutely inexplicable phenomenon characterizes this species and contributes 
much to making it often absolutely unrecognizable. 

We give figures of specimens chosen from different formations which will suffice 
to enable the reader to avoid errors of determination. The specimens with large 
tremopores should possibly be separated as a variety, in which case Gabb and 
Horn’s name of comuta would be available. This is one of the few species common 
to both the Atlantic and Pacific. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). Miocene 
(Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare). Pleistocene: Los Angeles 
(rare). Dead Mans Island off San Pedro (very rare), and Santa Monica, California 
(rare); Vero, Florida (rare). 

Geological distribution .—Miocene of Australia (MacGillivray); Helvetian of 
France (Michelin), of Sardinia (Neviani), and Italy (Seguenza); Zanclean of Italy 
(Seguenza, DeStefani); Sahelian of Oran (Collection Canu); Plaisancian of England 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 101 

(Busk), of Italy (Manzoni); Sicilian of Italy (Neviani, Waters); Quaternary of 
Italy (Neviani); Pliocene of New Zealand (Waters). 

Habitat.—Asdic Ocean: Kara Sea, Spitzberg, Greenland, Jean Mayen (160-180 
meters), Alaska (circumpolar species). Eastern Atlantic: North Sea, English 
Channel, England, Brittany, Gulf of Gascony (166 meters), Spain, Madeira (48 
meters), Azores (130 meters). Western Atlantic: Woods Hole region (5-32 meters), 
Florida (14-97 meters). Eastern Pacific: Queen Charlotte Islands, California (213 
meters). Western Pacific: Japan. Southern Pacific: Australia, New Zealand. 
Mediterranean: Nice, Naples, Corse (22-110 meters), Ajaccio (280 meters), Boni¬ 
facio (55-77 neters), Algeria (121 meters), and north of Morocco (370 meters). 
Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68544-68546, U.S.N.M. 

Genus STYLOPOMA Levinsen, 1909. 

1909. Stylopoma Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, 
pi. 18 (name only). 

1920. Stylopoma Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bull. 
106, U. S. National Museum, p. 359. 

The ovicell is hyperstomial; it covers the apertura and the avicularia entirely. 
The frontal is a tremocyst. The apertura is provided with a small linear rimule. 



Fig. 15.—Genus Stylopoma Levinsen, 1909. 

A.-H. Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. A. Zooecium, X 40, with an ovicell, the frontal half of 
which is cut away. B. drawing, X 6, showing an ovicell from the proximal end and distal walls with 
septulae. C, D. Opercula, X 100. (A-D, after Levinsen, 1909.) E. Zooecia, X 25, showing ovicell 

and vicarious avicularium. F. A zooecium, X 85, showing the oral denticles from the front. G. 
Operculum, X 85. (E-G, after Waters, 1918.) 

Genotype.—Stylopoma ( Eschara ) spongites Pallas, 1766. Range: Miocene- 
Recent. 

Levinsen proposed this genus for Eschara spongites and Schizoporella longirostris 
Hincks, 1886, but having recognized that the size of the rimule upon which he based 
it is not a generic character, he suppressed the name. We reestablish the genus, 
basing it upon the function of the passage of the eggs, which operates in a very 
different manner from that in Schizopodrella, where the species would otherwise 
have been placed. The great development of the ovicell above the aperture assures 
this function. Schizoporella longirostris Hincks, 1886, has the same type of orifice, 
but not being provided with this ovicell it must be classified in Schizopodrella. 




102 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


STYLOPOMA SPONGITES Pallas, 1766. 


Plate 17, figs. 1-12. 


1766. Eschara spongites Pallas, Elenchus Zoophytorum, p. 45. 

1797. Cellepora spongites Esper, Die Pfianzenthiere, p. 242, pi. 111. 

1803. Eschara spongites Moll, Die Seerinde aus der Ordnung der Pfianzenthiere, Wien, pi., figs. 3A, 


3B. 


1821. Cellepora spongites Lamouroux, Exposition methodique des genres de kolypiers, p.41, fig. 3. 

1845. Cellepora informata Lonsdale, Report on the Corals from the Tertiary formations of North 
America, Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, vol. 1, p. 505 (text fig.). 

1857. Reptocelleporaria informata Tuomey and Holmes, Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina, p. 15, 
pi. 4, figs. 11, 12. 

1862. Reptocelleporaria informata Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary 
formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ser. 2, 
vol. 5, p. 132. 

1872. Hippothoa spongites Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens 
Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 42, pi. 8, figs. 161-163. 

1889. Schizoporella spongites Jelly, Synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 234 (bibliography). 

1904. Schizoporella informata Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, 
p. 419, pi. 114, figs. 6-10. 

1909. Schizoporella spongites Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilosto- 
matous Bryozoa, p. 323, pi. 18, figs. 3, 4 ( Stylopoma spongites on plate). 

1914. Schizoporella spongites Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Publication Carnegie 
Institution of Washington, no. 182, p. 207. 

1919. Stylopoma spongites Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 91, pi. 1, fig .13. 



fLz = 0.50 mm. 
\ lz — 0.36 mm. 


Zooecia 


Historical .—The bibliography published by Miss Jelly in 1889 was determined 
by Smitt, 1872, and appears inexact to us. This species is absolutely restricted to 
the Gulf of Mexico. By what chance could it have fallen into the hands of the 


eighteenth century authors ? Certainly the species which they figured is the Schizo- 


podrella unicornis Johnston, 1847, or Schizopodrella longirostris Hincks, 1886, which 
also present large multilamellar and spongy zoaria. We believe that the name of 
Lonsdale, 1845, would be preferable. 

Variations .—The ovicell of this species is quite remarkable; a superb study 
was made by Levinsen, 1909. An ordinary polypide forms the zooecium. It 
degenerates and is replaced by a female polypide which forms the ovicell above the 
distal zooecium and the apertura. It is deprived of tentacles which could scarcely 
issue from the special orifice of the ovicell. The passage of the eggs is thus assured 
in a positive fashion. The escape of the larvae operates as in the species of the 
genus Schizopodrella by the rupture of the membrane which closes the ovicell. 

The variations of this species are extraordinary. The avicularium is present or 
absent, large or small. The zooecia are long or short, narrow or swollen, even 
transverse. Frequently they are oriented in all directions. 

The zoaria contain a large number of lamellae piled one on another; their 
dimensions reach a length of 5 centimeters. The larvae are fastened on shells, on 
other bryozoa, and more frequently on the fronds of small algae. 


/ 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


103 


Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown and 3 miles southwest 
of Petersburg, Virginia (common). Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, and other 
localities in North Carolina (common); Darlington, Muldrows Mills, 5 miles south 
of Maysville, and other localities, South Carolina (rare). Pliocene (Caloosahatchee 
marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County and Munroe County, Florida (common). 
Pleistocene: Simmons Bluff, Yonge’s Island, Charleston County, South Carolina 
(rare); Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). Pleistocene or Recent: Vero, 
Florida (rare). 

Habitat. —Gulf of Mexico off Florida (21-56 meters), Tortugas (29 meters), 
Bermuda, St. Thomas, St. John, and perhaps at Malacca (Levinsen). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68547-68553, U.S.N.M. 


STYLOPOMA PROJECTA, new species. 


Plate 45, fig. 6. 

Description. —Zoarium incrusting. Zooecia distinct, separated by a furrow, 
regularly oriented, sub-rectangular; frontal convex and garnished with numerous 
tremopores. Aperture small, transverse, with a small, narrow' rimule; rounded 
at its extremity; peristome thick, salient, smooth. A small oral avicularium with 
pointed and very salient beak is adjacent to the rimule and to the aperture. The 
ovicell is enormous, globular ornamented with tremapores; it hides the aperture. 
The interzooecial avicularium is large, convex, with rounded and somewhat enlarged 
beak. 


Measurements.- 


. , (k = 0.10mm. 

-Aperture! 7 A . 
r iia = 0.11mm. 


„ . \Lz = 0.50-0.55 mm. 

Zooeciajk _ 0>30 _ 0>40 mm . 


Affinities. —This species is very well characterized by its small oral avicularium 
arranged to the right or to the left of the rimule, an arrangement not observed in 
other known species. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68554, U.S.N.M. 


STYLOPOMA MAGNIPOROSA, new species, 

Plate 47, fig. 4. 

Description. —The zoarium is bilamellar. The zooecia are large, elongated, 
distinct, separated by a furrow, elliptical; the frontal is convex and perforated by 
large expanded tremopores. The apertura is elongated; the anter is orbicular and 
very large; the poster is formed by a small narrow rectilinear rimule; the peristome 
is thick, little salient, smooth. On each side of the apertura there are two triangular 
oblique avicularia with the beak directed toward the base. The ovicell is enormous, 
globular, placed on the distal zooecium, covering and hiding the aperture. 

„ , ' x \ha = 0.2Q mm. v . \Lz = 0.60-0.70 mm. 

Measurements. — Apertura 7 ni _ Zooecia 7 A __ 

r 1 ta=0.15 mm. [ lz = 0.45-0.50 mm. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Stylopoma isabelleana D’Orbigny in its 
large frontal tremopores and in the beak of the avicularia directed toward the base. 
We have observed a giant aperture corresponding probably to a special or abnormal 
mandible. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo. 

‘ Holotype .—Cat. No. 68555, U.S.N.M. 


104 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


STYLOPOMA MINUTA, new species. 

Plate 3, fig. 8. 


Description.— The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by deep furrows, elongated, small; the frontal is convex and provided with small 
tremopores. The apertura is small, transverse, semielliptical with a narrow rec¬ 
tangular rimule on the proximal, rectilinear border; the peristome is thin, sharp, 
salient. The ovicell is very large, globular, provided with protuberances and en¬ 
tirely covers the apertura. In the vicinity of the apertura there is a small triangular 
avicularium with pivot, the beak of which is turned obliquely toward the top. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha = 0.05 mm. 
la = 0.07 mm. 


Zooecium 


Lz = 0.40-0.45 mm. 
Iz — 0.25—0.30 mm. 


This is the smallest known species of the genus Stylopoma. 
Occurrence. —Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 
Holotype. —Cat. 68556, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SCHIZOPODRELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 338.) 

SCHIZOPODRELLA ACULEATA, new species. 

Plate 31, figs. 13, 14. 


Description. —The zoarium is massive, very large and formed of many super¬ 
posed lamellae. The zooecia are little distinct, elongated, separated by an irreg¬ 
ular furrow, elliptical or rectangular; the frontal is a tremoc.yst with large, widened 
pores. The apertura is suborbicular and bears a wide, rounded rimule of little 
depth; the peristome is thin, complete and salient on the zooecia of the internal 
lamellae. The ovicell is globular, salient, covered with tremopores. The avic¬ 
ularium with pivot is placed in the vicinity of the apertura; it is very long and 
terminates in a point. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ho = 0.15 mm. 
lo = 0.12-0.15 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.45 mm. 
lz = 0.25 mm. 


Affinities. —This species differs from Schizoporella cumulata Ulrich and Bassler, 
1904, in the length of its avicularium (L = 0.40 mm.). It differs from Schi- 
zopodrella longirostris Hincks, 1886, which also bears a large avicularium, in the 
much greater width of its rimule. When the large avicularium is not much de¬ 
veloped S. aculeata much resembles Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766; it differs from 
it in its rimule which is wide and concave and not small and rectangular and also in 
the different form of the ovicell. It differs from Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 
1847, in which the apertura is identical, in the presence of a single very large 
avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (very rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68557, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


105 


SCHIZOPODRELLA MUTABILIS Canu and Bassler, 1919. 


Plate 6, figs. 3-5. 


1919. Schizopodrella ? mutabilis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 90, pl.6 , 
figs. 3-5. 


Description .—The zoarium is unilamellar, tubular; it incrusts the fine radi- 
cells of algae. The zooecia are little distinct, elongate, elliptical; the frontal is 
little convex, surrounded by areolar pores and garnished with some large tremo- 
pores. The apertura is elongate, oval, with a wide rimule separated from the 
anter by two salient condyles. 


Measure ments .—Apertura 


Aa = 0.18-0.20 mm. 
Za = 0.12 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.70 mm. 
lz = 0.34 mm. 


Affinities .—The very thick incrustation of the tremocyst renders the aspect of 
this species quite changeable and sometimes absolutely unrecognizable. We have 
not discovered the ovicell, so the classification naturally remains doubtful. It is 
possible that our specimens represent the incrusting base of some branching form 
like GemelliporeUa punctata Canu and Bassler, 1919, but until the discovery of more 
specimens this point must remain in doubt. 

Occurrence .—Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo 
Domingo (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68558, U.S.N.M. 


SCHIZOPODRELLA UNICORNIS Johnston, 1847. 


Plate 17, figs. 13, 14. 

1847. Lepralia unicornis Johnston, History of British Zoophytes, ed. 2, p. 320, pi. 57, fig. 1. 

1880. Schizoporella unicornis Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 238, pi. 35, figs. 1-5. 

1889. Schizoporella unicornis Jelly, Synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 236 (general 
bibliography). 

1904. Schizoporella subquadrata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 
420, pi. 114, fig. 1; pi. 118, figs. 5, 6. 

1906. Schizoporella unicornis Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France, 

I Aquatanien, Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, p. 516 (biliography). 

1907. Schizoporella unicornis Calvet, Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, 

vol. 8, p. 417 (bibliography). 

1914. Schizoporella unicornis Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Publications Carnegie 
Institute of Washington, No. 182, p. 205 (American bibliography). 

1918. Schizoporella unicornis Waters, Marine Fauna fo the Cape Verde Islands, Linnean Society’s 

Journal Zoology, vol. 34, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 14-17, 22 (bibliography). 

1919. Schizopodrella unicornis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 

Bryozoa, Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 90. 

This species may easily be confused with Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766; 
it is distinguished from it by the wide, proximal sinus of its apertura and by the quite 
different form of its ovicell. 

S. unicornis is quite diffused through the European Tertiary formations, but 
on the contrary is quite rare in America, although its geologic distribution here 
appears to be almost identical. 

Occurrence .—Lower Miocene: (Bowden formation): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 
Miocene (Choptank formation): Governor Bun, Maryland (rare). Miocene (Duplin 
12184—23—Bull. 125-S 



I 


106 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

marl): Muldrows Mills, 5 miles south of Maysville, South Carolina (very rare); 
Wilmington, Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, etc., North Carolina 
(rare). Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester 
County and other localities in Virginia (rare). Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): 
Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare). Pli¬ 
ocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Monroe County, Florida (rare). Pleistocene: Simmons 
Bluff, Younges Island, Charleston County, South Carolina; Daytona, Florida (rare). 
Geologic distribution. —In Europe since the Stampian. 

Habitat. —Atlantic, Mediterranean, and boreal seas. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. Nos. 68559-68565, U.S.N.M. 


SCHIZOPODRELLA FLORIDINA Osburn, 1914. 

Plate 16, figs. 11-15. 

1914. Schizoporella floridina Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publications 
Carnegie Institute of Washington, No. 182, p. 206, text figs. 17, 18. 

Variations. —The zoarium is massive and formed of a number of superposed 
lamellae. Sometimes the zooecia are not oriented and are distributed in all direc¬ 
tions. The large avicularium is very fragile and easily altered by fossilization. 
The aperture in our fossil specimens is not exactly similar to that figured by 
Osburn differing slightly in its rimule not placed at the level of the frontal. We 
have not observed moreover the large interzooecial avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington and Lake Waccamaw, North 
Carolina (rare). Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklockonee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). 

Cotypes.— Cat. Nos. 68566, 68567, U.S.N.M. 

SCHIZOPODRELLA PUSILLA, new species. 


Plate 17, figs 18, 19. 


Description. —The zoarium is free and bilamellar or incrusting. The zooecia 
are small, little distinct, elongated, claviform; the frontal is somewhat convex, 
perforated by some large tremopores. The apertura is as high as wide; the rimule 
is wide, rounded, little deep. The ovicell is globular, hyperstomial. There are 
generally two small triangular avicularia with very salient beak placed on each side 
of the apertura. 

ha = 0.10-0.12 mm. „ . fZs = 0.54 mm. 

Za-O.lOmm. Zooecla h 2 -0.24 mm. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


Affinities. —This spe.ies has much resemblance to Schizopodrella patagonica 
Waters, 1905, in the arrangement of its avicularia; it differs from it in its larger 
avicularia, placed lower, salient and always inclined toward the aperture. The 
zooecia, although usually plain, are sometimes margined by a slightly salient thread. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctowhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklockonee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68568, U.S.N.M. 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


107 


SCHIZOPODRELLA MARGINATA, new species. 

Plate 30, figs. 4, 5. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, oval, 
wide, bordered by a wide thread, little salient joined to the peristome; the frontal 
is little convex and ornamented with large tremopores. The apertura is orbicular; 
the rimule is wide, of little depth, triangular. The ovicell is little salient, much 
embedded in the distal zooecium with a frontal area. On each side of the apertura 
there are two small round avicularia without pivot. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


7ia = 0.10 mm. 
la = 0.08-0.10 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 
lz = 0.28-0.40 mm. 


Affinities. —This small species is quite well characterized and easy to determine. 
It differs from Schizopodrella pusilla, new species, in its great zooecial width and in 
the triangular form of the rimule. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68569, U.S.N.M. 


SCHIZOPODRELLA DOVERENSIS Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 18, figs. 1-3. 

1904. Schizopodrella doverensis Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Geological Survey Maryland, Miocene, 
p. 421, pi. 117, fig. 1. 

Description. —Zoarium a thin sheet on foreign bodies, the figured specimen 
growing on the reverse of Retepora doverensis. Zooecia well distinguished from 
each other but with the surface rather flat; irregularly arranged, though their 
elongate form gives some prominence to the longitudinal rows; average length 
0.6 mm., width 0.35 to 40 mm. Orifice terminal, slightly transverse^ broadly 
notched on the proximal side, on the whole nearly circular. Surface reticulate, 
only slightly convex, the central portion appearing flattened, Avicularia rather 
small, prominent, one on either or both sides of the orifice, rarely wanting, situated 
close to the peristome; apparently both divided by a septum. Ovicells not 
observed. (Ulrich and Bassler.) 

Affinities. —The zooecia are not always regularly oriented. The zoarium 
incrusts shells or other bryozoa. 

This species differs from Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847, whose aper¬ 
tura is identical, in its larger dimensions and in the absence of the frontal protru- 
berance. It differs from SchizobrachieTla ( Escharella) sanguinea Smitt, 1872, in its 
single very large avicularium and in the smaller and more numerous tremopores. It 
differs from Stylopoma ( Hippothoa ) isabelleana Smitt, 1872, in the place of its 
avicularium not situated below the apertura. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choptank formation): Dover bridge, Maryland (rare). 
Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida (very rare). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68570, U.S.N.M. 



108 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Genus SCHIZOLAVELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920. 

1920. Schizolavella Canu and Bassler, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bulletin 106, 
U. S. National Museum, p. 358. 

SCHIZOLAVELLA VULGARIS Moll, 1803. 

Plate 35, fig. 10. 

1803. Eschara vulgaris Moll, Die Seerinde, p. 55, pi. 3, fig. 10. 

1867. Lepralia botterii Heller, Die Bryozoen des Adriatischen Meeres, Verhandlungen der k. k. 

zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. 7, p. 30, pi. 2, fig. 4. 

1880. Schizoporella vulgaris Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 244, pi. 37, fig. 7; pi. 40, figs. 5, 6. 
1880. Lepralia vulgaris Seguenza, Le formazioni terziarie della Provincia di Reggio (Calabria), 
Reale Accademia dei Lincei, ser. 3, vol. 6, pp. 202, 295, 369, (not Lepralia otophora of the 
same author). 

71885. Pachykraspedon otophorum Koschinsky, Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Bryozoenfauna der 
alteren Tertiarschichten des siidlichen Bayerns, Paleontographica, vol. 32, p. 44. 

1889. Schizoporella vulgaris Jelly, A Synonymic Catalogue of Recent Marine Bryozoa, p. 238 
(bibliography) (not Lepralia cognata Reuss). 

1889. Schizoporella vulgaris Pergens, Notes succinctes sur les Bryozoaires, du Miocene de la 
Russie meridionale, Bulletin des Stances de la Society Royale Malacologique de Belgique, 
vol. 24, p. 5. 

1895. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina, Palaeontographica Italica, 

vol. 1, p. 113 (3), pi. 6, fig. 13. 

1896. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi Postpliocenici di Spilinga (Calabria), Atti Accademia 

Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 32. 

1896. Schizoporella vulgaris Calvet, Campagne du Caudan, Bryozoaires, Annales de 1’University 
de Lyon, p. 258. 

1898-1900. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d’ltalia, Bolletino 
della Society Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, pt. 4, vol. 5, p. 11; pt. 5, vol. 7, pp. 4, 7, 13; 
pt. 6, vol. 8, p. 67 (sep. 10), 1900. 

1899. Schizoporella vulgaris Waters, Bryozoa from Madeira, Journal Royal Microscopical Society, 

pp. 11, 16, pi. 3, figs. 9-11. 

1900. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabria, Palaeontographia Italica, 

vol. 6, p. 196 (sep. 82) (Bibliography regional). 

1902. Schizoporella vulgaris Calvet, Bryozoaires marins des cotes de Corse, Travaux de l’lnstitut 
Zoologique de Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. 12, p. 21. 

1902. Schizoporella vulgaris Calvet, Bryozoaries marins de la region de Cette, Travaux de l’lnstitut 

Zoologique de Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. 8, p. 41. 

1903. Schizoporella vulgaris Jullien, Bryozoaires provenant des Campagnes de VEirondelle, pp. 

79, 136. 

1905. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare (Calabria), Bollettino della Society 
Geologica Italica, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 533 (sep. 31), fig. 12. 

1907. Schizoporella vulgaris Calvet, Expedition scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, p. 417 
(bibliography). 

1909. Escharina vulgaris Norman, Polyzoa of Madeira, Linnean Society’s Journal, vol. 30, p. 302. 
1912. Schizoporella vulgaris Canu, Etude compar4e des Bryozoaires Helvetians de 1’Egypte avec les 
Bryozoaires vivants de la M6di terrace et de la mer Rouge, Memoires de l’lnstitut Egyptien, 
vol. 6, p. 213, pi. 11, fig. 6 (palaeontological, illustrated bibliography). 

This species has never been noted except in the eastern Atlantic from the 
English Channel to the Cape Verde Islands and in the Mediterranean. It is not 
known in the Pacific. However, Waters has noted the fossil form in the Miocene 
of Australia. Our specimen from the Pleistocene is undoubtedly of this species. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 109 

It is therefore probable that its geographic extension is greater than we had sup¬ 
posed hitherto. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare). 

Geological distribution .—Stampian of Germany (Reuss); Casselian of Germany 
(Reuss); Miocene of Australia (Waters); Burdigalian of Gard (Canu collection); 
Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani), of Gard, of Herault, and of Touraine (Canu 
collection); Tortonian of Italy (Seguenza), of Austria-Hungary (Reuss); Sahelian 
of Oran (Canu collection); Zanclean of Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of Italy 
(Manzoni, Neviani); Astian of Italy (Seguenza); Sicilian of Italy (Neviani, Waters); 
Quaternary of Italy (Neviani, Seguenza). 

Habitat .—Eastern Atlantic; English Channel, Gulf of Gascony (155-180 meters) 
Madeira, Cape Verde Islands, Azore Islands (89-130 meters). Mediterranean, 
Black Sea, Adriatic, Corse (5-77 meters), Cette (20-40 meters), Oran (75-121 
meters). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68571, U.S.N.M. 



Fig. 16.—Genus Schizolavclla Canu and Bassler, 1920. 

A-H. Schizolavella vulgaris Moll, 1803. A. Portion of zoarium with an ovicelled zooecium 
X 25. B. Two zooecia, X 40, showing the umbonate ovicell and a mucro on the front wall. C. A 
zooecium, X 40, showing structure. D. Avicularian mandible. (A-D, after Hincks, 1880.) E. 
Avicularian mandible, X 85. F. Base of the avicularian mandible, X 250. G. Operculum, X 85. (E-G, 
after Waters, 1898.) H. Ancestrula. The region inside the marginal spines is partly occupied by a 
calcareous plate (crypt) which is probably a cryptocist; 6. brown body (after Harmer, 1902). 

Genus SCHIZOMAVELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 353.) 

SCHIZOMAVELLA LONGIROSTRATA Hincks, 1883. 

Plate 35, fig. 11. 

1883. Schizoporella longirostrata Hincks, Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands, 
Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 11, p. 447, pi. 17, fig. 4 (not Robertson, 1908). 

lk = 0.16 mm. „ . fZz = 0.56mm. 

Measurements. Aperturaj u mm Zooec.aj fe _ 0 . 36 _ 0 . 40 ^ 



110 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Variations. —The rimule bears two salient condyles on which are supported 
the small proximal tongue of the operculum. The ovicell is globular, elongated, 
large; it bears in front a small concavity; it bears small tremopores like the frontal, 
it is closed by the operculum. 

The large avicularium is not median; it is eccentric and curved. 

The species which Miss Robertson has figured under the same name appears 
to be different for the apertura of the ovicelled zooecia is much larger than that 
of the ordinary zooecia. This is not the case in the figure of Hincks and of our 
specimen. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Habitat. —Queen Charlotte Islands. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68572, U.S.N.M. 

Genus GEMELLIPORELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920. 

1920. Gemelliporella Canu and Bassler, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bulletin 106, 
U. S. National Museum, p. 372. 

The ovicell is hyperstomial and deeply embedded in the distal zooecium. 
The operculum does not close the ovicell and operates in a locella. The form of 
the apertura is like a keyhole. The frontal is garnished with lateral areolar pores 
and with a granular pleurocyst. 

Genotype.—Gemelliporella vorax, new species. Range: Pliocene. 

The genus Gemellipora Smitt, 1872, founded solely on the aspect of the apertura, 
is not a natural one. The first species described, G. eburnea, has been selected by 
Levinsen, 1909, as the type of the genus and classified in his family Liriozoidae. 
Gemellipora striatula Smitt, 1872, is a synonym for Trypostega venusta Norman, 1869. 
Gemellipora glabra Smitt appears to have a smooth frontal, but it is necessary to 
examine specimens anew. G. limbata Smitt is serial and appears to belong to the 
Phylactellidae. The keyhole form of the aperture does not appear to furnish a 
sufficient generic character because it does not correspond to an important modifica¬ 
tion of the hydrostatic function. In establishing the new genus Gemelliporella we 
have employed the characters furnished by the ovicell and the frontal. 

GEMELLIPORELLA ASPER, new species. 

Plate 18, figs. 5, 6. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are little distinct, 
irregularly elliptical; the frontal is small, hardly convex, surrounded by large, 
crowded, areolar pores. The apertura is deep, buried, elongate, shaped like a key¬ 
hole, with two lateral symmetrical condyles limiting the rimule; the peristomice 
is elliptical and bears a little salient mucro. The ovicell is globular, salient, punctate; 
its orifice is very large and can not be closed by the operculum. On each side of 
the apertura there are two large orbicular avicularia with pivot, very salient; the 
one between them is much developed and becomes onychocelliform; its pivot 
bears a wide rectangular denticle. 

Measurements. —Apertural^ a— j?' mm ' Zooecia!^ — 0.40-0.50 mm. 

r lla =0.10 mm. I lz = 0.30 mm. 

Affinities. —The avicularia by their saliency cover the zoarial surface with a 
great number of asperities which characterize this species, but which render it 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


Ill 


very irregular. The denticle placed on the pivot of the large avicularia is rather 
peculiar to this species, but it is not constant; it corresponds perhaps to a particular 
arrangement of the rachis. The known recent bryozoa never have this arrangement. 
The number and importance of the avicularia indicate calm waters. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 
25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): 
Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina (very rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68573, 68574, U.S.N.M. 

GEMELLIPORELLA VOKAX, new species. 

Plate 19, figs. 1-9. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells, oysters, and bryozoa. The zooecia 
are little distinct, separated by a furrow, irregularly elliptical; the frontal is convex, 
surrounded by some large areolar pores which are scattered and covered over with 
a pleurocyst more or less granular. The apertura is deep, oval, the point below 
with rimule wide and notched; the peristomice is semilunar with a proximal mucro 
more or less developed. The ovicell is convex, little salient, deeply embedded 
in the distal zooecium; its orifice is very wide and can not be closed by the operculum. 
On each side of the apertura there is a round avicularium; very frequently the one 
between them becomes very long and fusiform. 

,, , » , \ha = 0.10 mm. „ . (Zz=0.40mm. 

Measurements .— Apertura , - _ 0 Zooecia . _ „. 

r l la = 0.08 mm. I Iz = 0.30 mm. 

Variations. —This species is exceedingly variable and takes the most fantastic 
aspects. The zooecia are only distinct on the small zoaria or on the margins of 
the large ones; at the center of the latter they are absolutely indistinct. The 
ancestrula is a small zooecium; it engenders two distal and four proximal zooecia. 
There are often interareolar costules. The reduction of its zooecial dimensions 
and the great development of the avicularia seems to indicate that this species 
required much oxygen. 

It is remarkable that the species has disappeared from the recent Gulf of 
Mexico after its existence in the same region throughout the Miocene and Pliocene. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Chipola marl): Chipola River, Calhoun County, 
Florida (rare). Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington and Natural Well, 2 miles 
southwest of Magnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina (common); Muldrows Mills, 
5 miles south of Maysville, South Carolina (rare). Miocene (Choctawhatchee 
marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida 
(rare). Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, 3 miles southwest of Peters¬ 
burg, and other localities in Virginia (rare). Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Wacca¬ 
maw River, Horry County, South Carolina (common). Pliocene (Caloosahatchee 
marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County (rare), and Monroe County, Florida (common). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68575-68580, U.S.N.M. 

GEMELLIPORELLA PUNCTATA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 5, figs. 7-9. 

1919. Gemelliporella punctata Canu and Bassler, Biology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 92, pi. 5, 
figs. 7-9. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, cylindrical, bifurcated. The zooecia are very 
little distinct, elongate, convex; the frontal is granular and surrounded with areolar 



112 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


pores and is sometimes covered with punctations of pleurocystal origin. The 
aperture is oval, elongate, formed of a large semilunar anter and of a wide proximal 
sinus. The ovicell is deeply embedded in the distal zooecium, little salient, closed 
by the operculum, ornamented by an orbicular and very fragile frontal area. 


Measurements. —Aperturaj 


ha =0.15 mm. 
la =0.12 mm. 


Zooecia* 


Lz =0.60 mm. 
. lz =0.40 mm. 


Affinities. —The punctations of the frontal are quite variable; there is not a 
single zooecium similar to another. In a better preserved state we think that each 
zooecium is surrounded with areolar pores irregular in size and spacing. The frontal 
is a thick and compact olocyst, covered by a pleurocyst which is granular or 
punctured with large pores which do not perforate the zooecial walls. Unfortu¬ 
nately we have not been able to confirm this exterior aspect by sections. 

The possible relationship of this species to Schizopodrella mutabilis Canu and 
Bassler, 1919, has been mentioned under the discussion of that species. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden formation): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68581, U.S.N.M. 




Fig. 17. —Genera of the Microporellae. 

A. Microporella Hincks, 1887; M. ciliata Pallas, 1766, X 43. B. Subgenus Diporula Hincks, 1880; 
D. verrucosa Peach, 1868, X 25. C. Subgenus Ellipsopora, new; E. flabellaris Busk, 1852, X 40. D. 
Subgenus Flustramorpha Gray, 1848; F. marginata Krause, X 40. E. Fenestrulina Jullien, 1888; F. 
malusi Savigny-Audouin, 1826, X 20. F. Calloporina Neviani, 1895; C. decorata Reuss. 1847, X 40. G. 
Inversiulu Jullien, 1888; I. inversa Waters, 1889, X 50. 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 113 

Group 2. MICROPORELLAE Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

(See Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 417, for description and illustration). 

In this group the orifice of the compensatrix (frontal pore, micropore or asco- 
pore) is distinct and removed from the apertura. The ovicell is hyperstomial and 
always closed by the operculum. Dietellae are present. 

Historical. —The presence of a frontal micropore was considered by Hincks as 
an important family character, but the study of the larvae does not permit the 
adoption of his conclusion. According to Jullien, the ascopore is the orifice of a 
horn-shaped body, allowing the exterior to communicate with the tentacular 
sheath. Harmer and Levinsen believed that this was an optical illusion and that 
the ascopore was really the orifice of the compensatrix. 

Levinsen, 1909, did not recognize the different genera established by authors 
according to the form of the apertura. We again follow the same principles of 
generic distinction by considering the great variations of the function of calcifi¬ 
cation. Many species considered at first to belong to the Microporellae have since 
been recognized as true representatives of the Adeonidae. According to the nature 
of the calcification and the form of the aperture, we class the following genera in 
this group: 

Fenestrulina Jullien, 1888. 

Microporella Hincks, 1877. 

Calloporina Neviani, 1895. 

flnversiula Jullien, 1888. 

Genus FENESTRULINA Jullien, 1888. 

1888. Fenestrulina Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882-83, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, 
p. 37. 

The frontal is garnished with stellate tremopores. The operculum closes the 
ovicell. No avicularia. Fourteen to fifteen tentacles. 

Genotype.—Fenestrulina ( Cellepora) malusi Savigny-Audouin, 1826. 

Range. —Helvetian-Recent. 

The known species belonging to tins genus are: 

Fenestrulina ( Cellepora ) malusi Audouin, 1826. 

Fenestrulina ( Microporella) proxima Waters, 1904. 

Fenestrulina ( Microporella ) exigua Waters, 1904. 

Fenestrulina (Microporella) parvipora Waters, 1904. 





V‘ - 


caec 




Fig. 18.—Anatomy of the Microporellae 


mrp 


oael. 


C *50 


B *50 


corn 


trio D 


J 




































NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 115 


Fig. 18.—Anatomy of the Microporellae. 

A-D. Microporella ciliata Pallas, 1766. A. Profile view of free larva, X 75. B. Free larva, oral view, 
showing the large radiating elements of the oral mesoderm, X 50. C. Free larva, aboral view, showing 
radiating aspect of the calotte, 50. (A-C after Barrois, 1877.) c, corona; cal, calotte (terminal bud); 
CD, digestive cavity; ce, obscure part between the two branches of the stomach; mi, aboral mesoderm; 
ms, oral mesoderm; 0, ciliated cleft; oc, oculiform points; ph, pharynx; R V, border of the calotte. D. 
Median sagittal section of an embryo in one of the last stages of development. (After Calvet, 1900.) 

E-I. Fenestrulina malusi Audouin, 1826. E. Median sagittal section of an embryo just before it 
emerges. (After Calvet, 1900.) In the course of the neuro-muscular bundles passing from the central 
nerve organs to the pyriform organ some cellules are seen. The internal sack has a simple form almost 
regularly cylindrical, c, mantle; cal, calotte (terminal bud); co, corona; d, tampon or inner sac; ecto, 
ectoderm; epe, ectoderm thickening; epm, mesoderm thickening;/c, ciliated cleft; /am, neuro-muscular 
bundle; one, central nervous organ of the embryo; p/se, sub-ectoderm nerve plexus; pplv, papilla of the 
vibratile plume; si, internal sac; sqs, superior glandular system; sqi, inferior glandular system. F. 
Basal view of a zooecium which has lost its polypide. (After Harmer, 1902.) b, polypide bud; bb, 
brown body; com, cornicula; cs. compensatrix opening by the ascopore (m. p.); occl, opercr muscles; p. 
c., dietellae; z, neighboring zooecia. G. Anterior view of a zooecium containing only a young polypide, 
X 5.15. (after Jullien, 1888.) ca, cardiac region of the stomach; caec, caecum of the stomach; com, 
cornicula; die, dietella; est, stomach; gt, tentacular sheath; ir, irisoid; mop, occlusor muscles of the oper¬ 
culum; mrp, large retractor muscles of the polypide; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx and esophagus; pm, 
parietal muscles; r, intestine and rectum; t, tentacles. H. Longitudinal section of a bryozoid. (After 
Calvet, 1900.) caec, stomachic caecum; d, incubation cavity; cry, cryptocyst, or skeleton; d, diaphragm; 
eph, hypostegal epithelium; epi, spine; fe, central funicular cord; fl, lateral funicular cordon, nervous 
ganglion; gt, sub-diaphragm region of the tentacular sheath; gt', subdiaphragm region; hy, hypostege; 
mud, dilator muscles of the incubation cavity; mugr, large retractor muscles; mur, retractor muscles of 
the frontal walls of the lower ovicellarian vesicle; oes, esophagus; op, operculum; oz, zooecial orifice; 
pme, median frontal pore; py, pyloris; re, rectum; t, tentacles; voi, lower ovicellarian vesicle; vos, 
upper ovicellarian vesicle. I. Zoarium decalcified, seen posteriorly, X 45. (See G. for explanation 
of letters.) 

FENESTRULINA MALUSI Savlgny-Audouin, 1826. 

Plate 36, figs. 2, 3. 

1809. Cellepora malusii Savigny, Description de l’Egypte, Polypes, pi. 8, fig. 8. 

1826. Cellepora malusii Audouin, Explication des planches de Savigny, p. 239. • 

1862. Cellepora eali/omiensis Gabb and Horn, Monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary 
and Tertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences Philadel¬ 
phia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 130, pi. 19, fig. 12. 

1895. Microporella malusi MacGillivray, Monograph of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, Trans¬ 
actions Royal Society of Victoria, vol. 4, p. 65, pi. 9, fig. 1 (regional bibliography). 

1895. Microporella ( Fenestrulina ) malusi Neviani, Briozoi fossili delle Famesina, Palaeontographia 
Italica, vol. 1, p. 104 (sep. 28). . 

1895-1896. Microporella ( Fenestrulina) malusi Neviani, Briozoi neozoici, di alcune localitia d’ltalia, 
Bollettino della Societa Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, pt. 1, p. 115 (sep. 7); pt. 2, p. 229 
(sep. 5); pt. 3, p. 109 (sep. 8). 

1898. Microporella malusi De Angelis, Los primeros antozoos y briozoos miocenicos recogidos en 
Cataluna, p. 22. 

1901. Microporella ( Fenestrulina ) malusi Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie, Palaeonto¬ 
graphia italica, vol. 6, p. 175 (sep. 61) (Regional bibliography). 

1904. Microporella malusi Canu, Les Bryozoaires du Patagonien, Memoires de la Societe geologique 

de France, vol. 12, No. 33, p. 11, pi. 3, fig. 27. 

1905. Microporella ( Fenestrulina) malusi Neviani, Bryozoi fossili de Carrubare (Calabrio), Bol¬ 

lettino delle Societa geologica italiana, vol. 23, p. 524, fig. 8. 

1907. Microporella malusi Calvet, Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, p. 404 

(bibliography). ' 

1908. Microporella malusi Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles de 1’Argentine, Anales del Museo Nacional 

de Buenos Aires, vol. 16, p. 280. 


116 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


1908. Microporella malusi Robertson, The incrusting cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast 

of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology", vol. 4, no. 5, p. 282, 
pi. 18, figs. 35, 36. 

1909. Fenestrulina malusi Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira, Journal Linnean Society, Zoology, 

vol. 30, p. 297. 

1910. Microporella malusi Waters, Reports on the marine biology 7 of the Sudanese Red Sea, Journal 

Linnean Society of London, Zoology, vol. 32, p. 168. 

1912. Microporella malusi Barroso, Briozoos de la estacion maritima de Santander, Trabajos del 
Museo de ciencias naturales, no. 5, p. 27. 


It is remarkable that this very cosmopolitan species has never been observed 
in the western Atlantic, fossil as well as recent. 

Jia = 0.08-0.10mm. „ . [ Lz = 0.50 mm. 


Measurements. —Apertura! T" Zooecia , . 

r [la = 0.16-0.18 mm. lfe = 0.36mm. 


Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (common), and Dead Mans Island, 
off San Pedro, California (very rare). 



Fig. 19. —Genus Fenestrulina Jullien, 1888. 

A-J. Fenestrulina malusi Savigny Audouin, 1826. A. A zooecium X 50 showing all the characters. 
B, C. Stellate frontal pores, X 250. (A-C, after Waters, 1903.) D. Portion of surface of a zooecium, 
X 175. E. Aperture, X 100. (After Levinsen, 1909.) F. Detailed structure of the ascopore (fenes- 
trule of Jullien) X 175. G. Dorsal face of the zooecia, showing the dietellae X 18. H. Zooecia X 21, 
several showing the ovicell. (D, F-H, after Levinsen, 1894.) I. Ancestrula and ancestrular zooecia, 
X 25. J. Ancestrula. The frontal membrane is typically Flustrine, its calcareous margin bearing 
ten spines, of which three are oral spines; op, operculum; 6. b., brown body; f. m., frontal membrane 
(=ectocyst). (After Harmer, 1902.) 

K. Operculum, X 85. (After Waters, 1877.) L. Fenestrulina parvipora Waters, 1903. Oper¬ 
culum, X 85. M. Fenestrulina proximo. Waters, 1903. Operculum, X 85. (I, L, M, after Waters, 
1903 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 117 


Geological distribution. —Burdigalian of Catalogne (De Angelis); Patagonian 
of Argentina (Canu); Miocene of Australia (MacGillivray) and New Zealand (Waters); 
Plaisancian of England (Busk) and of Italy (Manzoni); Astian of Italy (Seguenza); 
Sicilian *of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani). 

Habitat. —Arctic Ocean: Finmark (16-48 meters). North Sea: Norway, Den¬ 
mark (29-45 meters), England. Eastern Atlantic: England, English Channel, 
Gulf of Gascony (10-180 meters), Madeira. Mediterranean: Cette, Corse, Naples, 
Oran. Adriatic (32-89 meters). Southern Atlantic: Tristan da Cunha (228-243 
meters), Falkland Islands (8-34 meters). Eastern Pacific: Queen Charlotte 
Islands, California (32-48 meters). Southern Pacific: Tahiti, Australia (5-13 
meters), New Zealand. Western Pacific: Japan, Cape Tizard (China Sea) (44meters), 
Indian Ocean, Red Sea. Antartic Ocean: Cape Horn (5-300 meters), Malouines 
Islands, Terra del Fuego. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 685S2, U.S.N.M. 

FENESTRULINA POROSA, new species. 

. Plate 37, fig. 4. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, very little elongated; the surface is convex, very porous and 
perforated in its middle portion by a crescentric ascopore. The apertura is semi¬ 
lunar, transverse, surrounded by a little salient, very thin peristome. The ovicell 
is globular, covered with scarcely visible tuberosities and surrounded by a salient 
ring. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha = 0.13 mm. 
la = 0.26 mm. 


Zooecia- 


Lz = 0.65 mm. 

Iz = 0.50—0.65 mm. 


Affinities. —The peristome frequently bears two spines. The frontal is often 
covered with a double pellicule. 

This species is very close to Fenestrulina malusi, but differs from it in its greater 
number of frontal pores and in its triple instead of double rows of pores present 
between the aperture and the ascopore. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Long Wharf Canyon), California 
(rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68583, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MICROPORELLA Hincks, 1877. 


1877. Microporella PIincks, On British Polyzoa, Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 4, vol. 20, 
p. 526. 

The operculum closes the ovicell and is semielliptical. The frontal is an 
ordinary tremocyst. Avicularia are present. Thirteen to fourteen tentacles. 
Genotype .— Microporella ( Eschara) ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. 

Range. —Miocene-Recent. 

Under this well-known genus we recognize three subgenera, as follows: 
Diporula Hincks, 1879, characterized by a horseshoe-shaped orifice, slightly 
contracted by two lateral projections. 

Ellipsopora, new subgenus, characterized by a transverse, elliptical apertura. 




118 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Flustramorpha Busk, 1884, characterized by the presence of radicular fibers 
and vibracula. 

The known species belonging to this genus and its subgenera are as follows: 
Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. • 

Microporella fiabelligera Levinsen, 1909. 

Microporella divaricata Waters, 1903. 

Microporella hyadesi Jullien, 1888. 

Microporella personata Busk, 1852. « 

Microporella rudis McGillivray, 1895. 

Microporella rugosa Maplestone, 1900. 

Microporella marginata Maplestone, 1909. 

Microporella coronata Audouin, 1896. 

Microporella ( Flustramorpha) marginata Krauss, 1837. 

Microporella ( Diporula) verrucosa Peach, 1868. 

Microporella ( Diporula) hastigera Busk, 1884. 

Microporella ( Ellipsopora ) flabellaris Busk, 1852. 



G 


Fig. 20.—Genus Microporella Hincks, 1877. 

A-I. Microporella ciliata Pallas, 1766. A. Zooecia with spines and mandible, X 43. B. Zooecia 
with avicularia, X 29. C. Ovicelled zooecia, X 40. E. Aperture, X 200. F. Ancestrula and ances- 
trular zooecia, X 29. (A-C, after Hincks, 1880.) G. The same part of the zoarium, X 55. (E, F, 
after Levinsen, 1909.) H. Zooecia from the basal surface, X 26, showing the dietellae. (After Levin- 
sen, 1894.) I. J, Opercula and mandibles. (After Waters, 1877, and Hincks, 1880.) 

D. Structure of the ascopore of Microporella hyadesi Jullien, 1888. 

K-Q. Opercula and mandibles. K, L. Microporella hyadesi Jullien, 1888. (After Waters, 1877.) 
M. Microporella divaricata Canu, 1902. (After Waters, 1903.) N, O. Microporella personata Busk, 1852. 
(After Busk, 1885.) P, Q. Microporella coronata Audouin, 1826. (After Waters, 1909.) 











NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 119 

MICROPORELLA CILIATA Linnaeus, 1759. 

Plate 20, figs. 1-6; plate 36, figs. 4, 5. 

/ 

1759. Cellepora ciliata Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, p. 1286. 

1889. Microporella ciliata Jelly, A synonymic catalogue of marine Bryozoa, p. 179 (bibliography). 
1891. Microporella ciliata Neviani, Briozoi postpliocenici di Livorno, Bollettino della Societa 
geologica italiana, vol. 10, p. 117 (sep. 21). 

1895. Microporella ( Fenestrulina ) ciliata Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Famesina Palaeontographia 

italica, vol. 1, p. 105 (sep. 29), pi. 5, fig. 25. 

1895-1900. Microporella ( Fenestrulina ) ciliata Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d’ltalia, 
Bollettino della Societa Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, pt. 1, vol. 4, p. 7; pt. 2, vol. 4, 
p. 234 (sep.10); pt. 3, vol. 5, p. 122 (sep. 21); pt. 5, vol. 7, pp. 13,15; pt. 6, vol. 8, p. 3, 9, 10. 

1896. Microporella (Fenestrulina) ciliata Neviani, Briozoi postpliocenici di Spilinga, Atti Academia 

Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, vol. 9, p. 22. 

1900. Microporella (Fenestrulina) ciliata Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie, Palaeontographia 
italica, vol. 6, p. 176 (sep. 62) (regional bibliography). 

1900. Microporella ( Fenestrulina ) ciliata Neviani, Briozoi terziari et posterziari della Toscana, 
Bollettino della Societa geologica italiana, vol. 19, p. 368 (sep. 19). 

1904. Microporella inflata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 416, pi. 
110, fig. 7. 

1904. Microporella praeciliata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 415, 

pi. 110, fig. 6, pi. 113, fig. 3. 

1905. Microporella ( Fenestrulina ) ciliata Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare (Calabria), Bollettino 

della Societa geologica italiana, vol. 23, p. 324 (sep. 22). 

1907. Microporella ciliata Calvet, Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, p. 403, 

(regional bibliography). 

1908. Microporella ciliata Waters, The Bryozoa of the Sudanese Red Sea, Journal Linnean Society, 

London, vol. 31, p. 143. 

1911. Microporella ciliata Guerin-Ganivet, Bryozoaires proveqant de la Rade de Brest, Travaux 

du Laboratoire de Zoologie de Concarneau, p. 2. 

1912. Microporella ciliata Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a l’etude des Bryozoaires des c6tes 

armoricaines, III, Travaux scientifiques du Laboratorie de Zoologie de Concarneau, p. 12. 
1912. Microporella ciliata Osburn, Bryozoa of Woods Hole Region, Bulletin Bureau of Fisheries, 
vol. 30, p. 233, pi. 24, fig. 44; pi. 30, fig. 90. 

1912. Microporella ciliata Barroso, Briozoos de la estacion de biologia maritima de Santander, 
Trabajos del museo de ciencias naturales, p. 26. 

1912. Microporella ciliata Osburn, Bryozoa from Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, 

Proceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 43, p. 279. 

1913. Microporella ciliata Guerin-Ganivet, Bryozoaires de la mission arctique commandee par Ch. 

B6nard, Soci6t5 d’oceanographie du Golfe de Gascogne, vol. 7, p. 23. 

1913. Microporella ciliata Canu, Contribution a l’etude des Bryozoaires fossiles, IV, Pliocene d’Alger, 
Bulletin Soci5td Geologique France, vol. 13, p. 125. 

1915. Microporella ciliata Barroso, Contribucion al conocimiento de los Briozoos marinos de Espana, 
Boletin de la Sociedad espanola de Historia natural, vol. 15, p. 414. 

1915. Microporella ciliata Waters, Marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, Journal Linnean 
Society, London, vol. 31, p. 443. 

1917. Microporella ciliata Barroso, Notas sobre Briozoos, Boletin de la R. Sociedad espanola de 
Historia natural, vol. 17, p. 4. 

The great variations in the calcification of the frontal in this species have been 
known for a long time. They have been carefully noted by the zoologists and 
depend solely on the nature of the water and the age of the zoarium. When the 
granulations are important, the tremopores appear very small and even may dis¬ 
appear leaving the frontal smooth (forma inflata). If the granulations are little 



120 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


developed, the tremopores appear large (forma praeciliata). A specimen from 
Carteret County, North Carolina, is very suggestive. The incrusting portion 
shows normal zooecia with granulations and tremopores (fig. 1)^ a bilamellar 
expansion shows, on the contrary, zooecia without granulations but with large 
tremopores (fig. 2). A specimen from Santa Barbara, California, has very small 
avicularia as in Microporella umbonata, but nevertheless its dimensions are ab¬ 
solutely identical with Microporella ciliata. 


,, . . , \ha = 0.04-0.06 mm. r/ . Lz = 0.50 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 Zooecia 7 _ „„ 

r l la = 0.10-0.12 mm. [te = 0.30mm. 

The coast of California is the Elysium of the genus Microporella, for a wealth 
of species occurs there. They are very closely related and their determination 
is not made without difficulty because of their polymorphism. It is necessary 
especially to take into consideration the reciprocal place occupied by the avicula- 
rium and the ascopore; the micrometric measurements are of value only in extreme 
cases. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklockonee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Miocene (St. Mary’s 
formation): Cove Point, Maryland (rare). Miocene; Kuhns, Carteret County, 
North Carolina (rare). Miocene (Choptank formation); Jones Wharf, Maryland 
(rare). Pleistocene: Santa Monica (rare); Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro (rare); 
and Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Geological distribution. —Stampian of Germany (Schreiber); Chatian of Ger¬ 
many (Reuss); Miocene of Australia (Waters),'of Tunis (Canu); Burdigalian of 
Gard in France (Canu collection); Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza Neviani), of France 
(Canu collection); Tortonian of Italy (Seguenza), of Austria-Hungary (Reuss); 
Sahelian of Oran (Canu collection); Zanclean of Italy (Seguenza); Pliocene of 
New Zealand (Waters); Plaisancian of Algeria (Canu), of Italy (Manzoni), of 
England (Busk); Astian of Italy (Seguenza); Sicilian of Italy (Seguenza, Manzoni, 
Neviani), of Rhodes (Manzoni); Quaternary of Italy (Waters, Seguenza, Neviani, 
De Stefani). 

Habitat .—Cosmopolitan. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68584-68590, U.S.N.M. 


MICROPORELLA HEXAGONA, new species. 


Plate 20, figs. 14, 15. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are little distinct, 
separated by a furrow, short, hexagonal,convex, gibbose; the frontal is convex, 
irregular, and formed of a tremocyst with large pores detachable from a subjacent, 
finely perforated olocyst. The apertura is deeply buried, semilunar; the peri¬ 
stome is somewhat salient, very thin, and bears four to six large, hollow spines. 
The ovicell is little salient and is covered by an incomplete tremocyst. The asco¬ 
pore is large and is surrounded by a verj 7 ; salient peristome. There are two small 
avicularia or a single one very large and salient. 


Measurements. —Apertura; 


ha = 0.07 mm. 

Za = 0.12-0.15 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.45-0.50 mm. 
Zs = 0.45 mm. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


121 


Affinities. —The intensity of the calcification is remarkable in this species 
and gives to it an aspect very characteristic and difficult to figure. The large 
avicularium is triangular, the beak pointing upward; the pivot is almost always 
broken. The distal border of the apertura is often denticulated by the rupture 
of the hollow spines much wider than the peristome. In spite of its double pro¬ 
tective envelope the ovicell is often broken. The exterior aspect is absolutely 
unique. This species must have lived in a strong current. 

Occurrence.—Miocene (Duplin marl): Darlington Courthouse, South Carolina 
(rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68591, U.S.N.M. 


MICROPORELLA BIFOLIATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 


Plate 20, figs. 7—11. 


1904. Microporella? bifoliata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 417, 
pi. 113, figs. 6-8. 

The original description is as follows: 

Zoarium erect, bifoliate, not known to branch. Zooecia subquadrate or hexagonal, arranged in 
regular longitudinal and diagonally intersecting series, four longitudinally and five diagonally in 2 
mm. Appearance of surface varying with age. In young examples the zooecia are more or less convex 
and separated, especially transversely, by an impressed line containing one or more rows of pores; 
the orifice is somewhat transverse and subovate with the proximal side straightened, the peristome 
but little elevated, the front sparsely punctated, the avicularia of which there is usually one to each 
zooecium placed some distance beneath and to one side of the orifice, rather large, subcircular and 
divided into two nearly equal parts by a thin partition. In old examples the oral part is sunken and 
the rest of the surface abundantly punctate, while the avicularia have been somewhat reduced in size. 
Immediately behind the orifice there is always a small (? peristomial) pore. Ovicells large, rather 
strongly convex, punctate. 

Measurements. —Apertura! 0.11 mm. Zooecia,, _ 

r [Za = 0.12mm. [lz = 0.25-0.35 mm. 

We have nothing to add to the original description except to call attention 
to the fact that the ascopore is crescent shaped. 

This species differ from Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759, in the absence of 
frontal granules, in the presence of larger tremopores and in its nontransverse 
aperture which is almost as high as wide. The erect form of the zoarium is rather 
rare in the genus Microporella and it appears to form a good character for this 
species. Nevertheless we have observed bilamellar expansions in Microporella 
ciliata. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choptank formation): Cordova, Maryland (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68592, U.S.N.M. 


[ = 0.55 mm. 


MICROPORELLA FISSURIFERA, new species. 

Plate 19, figs. 12-13. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, elliptical, little elongated, wide; the frontal is convex and per¬ 
forated by a large number of tremopores. The apertura is semilunar, transverse; it 
is surrounded by a thin peristome bearing four large spines. The ascopore is placed 
12184—23—Bull. 125-9 


122 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


on a median prominence of the frontal. The avicularium is short, triangular, with¬ 
out pivot, with its beak turned toward the top. The dietellae are not entirely 
covered over, and appear between the zooecia in the form of small slits. The 
ovicell is large, globular, buried in the distal zooecium, covered with a tremocyst. 


Measurements. —Aperturaj 


Aa = 0.10 mm. 

Za = 0.10-0.12 mm. 


„ . \Lz = 0.60 mm. 

Zooecia 7 _ __ 

te = 0.50 mm. 


Variations. —In this genus, where the species are so difficult of determination, 
the present species is very well characterized by the dietellae not entirely covered 
over by the tremocyst. We are ignorant as to the cause of this remarkable pecu¬ 
liarity, which has been observed hitherto only in the Membraniporae. The distal 
diatellae are visible on the marginal zooecia. The two proximal spines are always 
larger and more salient than the distal spines. Our micrometric measurements are 
those of the larger zooecia for the variations are considerable. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown): Near Macedonia Church, Essex County, 
(very rare); 1 mile northeast of Suffolk, 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, and other 
localities in Virginia. Miocene (Duplin marl): 10 miles south of Greenville, North 
Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68593, 68594, U.S.N.M. 


MICROPORELLA TESSELLATA Tuomey and Holmes, 1857. 


Plate 30, figs. 2, 3. 


1857. Cellepora tesselata Tuomey and Holmes, Pliocene fossils of South Carolina, p. 13, pi. 4, fig. 7. 


Measurements. —Aperturaj 


ha = 0.06 mm. 
Z<x = 0.11 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.75 mm. 
Zz = 0.60 mm. 


Variations. —There are often six very short and very inconstant spines. The 
vestibular arch is always visible. The apertura is relatively small for so large a 
species, which appears to indicate extremely fine tentacles. The frontal is per¬ 
forated with rather large tremopores. The ascopore is surrounded by a salient 
peristome. In the vicinity of the ancestrula the avicularium is small and placed 
at the level of the ascopore. The large marginal zoeceia have their avicularia 
larger and placed in the wider part of the zooecium well below the ascopore. This 
character is quite visible on the figure of Tuomey and Holmes and we believe that 
it is sufficient to recognize this long-forgotten species of these American authors. 
There are six lateral and one distal dietellae. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Microporella eustomata Gabb and Horn, 
1862, and from Microporella vibracvlifera Hincks, 1883, in its smaller avicularium, 
more distant from the zooecial axis and of a more irregular position. It differs from 
Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759, in the large zooecial dimensions and its larger 
avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
and Giles Bluff, Peedee River, South Carolina (Tuomey and Holmes). 

Pleisotypes. —Cat. No. 68595, U.S.N.M. 


) 





NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


123 


MICROPORELLA UMBONATA Hincks, 1882. 

Plate 36, figs. 6, 7. 

1882. Microporella ciliata forma umbonata Hincks, Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte 
Islands, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 2, p. 15, pi. 17, fig. 1. 


„ » , (k=0.08 mm. 

Measurements .—Aperturab ^ 


Zooecia 


Lz— 0.52-0.60 mm. 


mm. l lz = 0.30-0.40 mm. 

Variations .—There is one small oral avicularium (rarely two). The frontal 
is a tremocyst with small pores. The ovicell is costulated. The frontal gibbosity 
(umbo) is always placed below the ascopore. Our specimens bear no spines. 

Affinities .—This species differs from Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759, in 
the presence of the frontal umbo and in its larger micrometric dimensions. It 
differs from Microporella fallax Canu, 1904 from the post-Pampean of Argentina, 
which also bears a frontal gibbosity, in its avicularium which is placednotmuch 
below the ascopore but always at the same level with it. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (rare), Santa Barbara (very rare), and 
Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro (very rare), California. 

Habitat .—Queen Charlotte Islands. 

Plesiotype. —-Cat. No. 68596, U.S.N.M. 

MICROPORELLA CALIFORNICA Hincks, 1883. 

Plate 36, figs. 8-10. 

1858. Lepralia californica Busk, Zoophytology, Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, vol. 4, 
p. 310, pi. 11, fig. 6. 

1883. Microporella ciliata forma californica Hincks, Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charoltte 
Islands, Annals and Magazine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 2, p. 444, pi. 17, fig. 3. 

1908. Microporella californica Robertson, The incrusting chilostomatous Bryozoa of the west 
coast of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, No. 5, p. 281, 
pi. 18, figs. 32-34. 

fZz = 0.80 mm. 

Z 2 = 0.40-0.46 mm. 

Variations .—Our specimens are somewhat larger than those living to-day off 
the coast of California. There are six spines but on our fossils only two, three, or 
four alone persist. The frontal is a tremocyst with large pores superposed on an 
olocyst perforated by very small corresponding pores; it is detachable. 

The two avicularia are rather constant erect, rather long, very sharp, with a 
very fragile pivot; their slender beak is easily broken. In some cases one avicula¬ 
rium is smaller than the other. There is a salient frontal gibbosity bearing the 
ascopore or placed below it. The ascopore is surrounded by a smooth peristone. 

Hincks, 1883, thought that his specimens belonged to Busk’s species, 1856. 
Waters, 1908, affirmed that Busk’s species is Microporella coronata Savigny-Audouin, 
1826. 

Affinities .—This species much resembles Microporella coronata Savigny-Audouin, 
1826, in its costulate ovicell; it differs from it in the presence of six spines (and not 
four) and in its larger avicularia. It differs from Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 
1759, in the constant presence of two large avicularia, and in its frontal with large 
tremopores. 


,, , . 7ia = 0.07 mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura 7 _ 10 

1 \la = 0.13 mm. 


Zooecia 


124 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Long Wharf Canyon) (rare), Santa 
Barbara (common), and San Pedro (rare), California. 

Habitat. —Queen Charlotte Islands and coast of California. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68597, 68598, U.S.N.M. 


„ , . , [ha =0.06 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura' ^ 


MICKOPORELLA VIBRACULIFERA Hincks, 1883. 

Plate 36, figs. 11, 12. 

1883. Microporella ciliata forma vibraculifera Hincks, Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte 
Islands, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 11, p. 15, pi. 17, fig. 2. 

1890. Microporella ciliata, var. vibraculifera Ortmann, Die japanische Bryozoen-Fauna, Archiv fiir 
Naturgeschichte, vol. 50, pt. 1, p. 38, pi. 3, fig. 5. 

r, . \Lz =0.50-0.60 mm. 

ZOOGClft] ti o < A 

mm. I Iz =0.34-0.40 mm. 

Variations. —There are six large hollow spines. The ovicell and the frontal 
bear large tremopores. The avicularium is large, salient, tuberous, placed laterally 
and lower than the ascopore; the mandible is placed transversally. The ovicell is 
costulate. The organ originally called vibraculum by Hincks is in reality an 
avicularium with very long and setiform mandible. There is often a pivot. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759, in the 
presence of six large hollow spines and in larger micrometric measurements. It 
differs from Microporella fallax Canu, 1904, in its larger avicularium placed very 
near the ascopore. It differs from Microporella eustomata Gabb and Horn, 1862, 
in its transverse avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon) (rare), Dead Mans 
Island off San Pedro (rare), and Santa Barbara (very rare), California. 

Habitat. —Queen Charlotte Islands and Japan (113-405 meters). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68599,68600, U.S.N.M. 


MICROPORELLA EUSTOMATA Gabb and Horn, 1862. 


Plate 36, fig. 13. 


1862. Reptoporina eustomata Gabb and Horn, Monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary 
and Tertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila¬ 
delphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 144, pi. 20, fig. 26. 


Measurements. —Apertura- 


ha =0.06 mm. 
la =0.12 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz =0.60-0.80 mm. 
Iz =0.50 mm. 


Affinities. —Gabb and Horn’s figure is very characteristic; the mandible of the 
avicularium is oblique in relation to the zooecial median axis so that the whole 
avicularium convexity appears bent toward this same axis. This is the exact case 
in our specimens. However, they bear only six large hollow spines instead of eight 
shown on the figures of the American authors. The frontal and the ovicell are 
garnished with large tremopores. The ovicell is preceded by a sort of tubular 
turret, at the base of which is buried the operculum. The avicularium is curved 
and always has a pivot. 

This species differs from Microporella vibraculifera Hincks, 1883, in its oblique 
and nontransverse avicularium. It differs from all the other species of Microporella 
in its large avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon) (rare) and Santa 
Barbara, California (Gabb and Horn). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68601, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 125 

MICROPORELLA HEERMANN1 Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Plate 37, figs. 1, 2. 

1862. Reptescharellina heemnanni Gabb and Horn, Monograph of fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary 
and Tertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Phila¬ 
delphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 30. 

Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are large, elliptical, 
swollen, separated by a furrow, convex; the frontal is formed by a granular tremo- 
cyst perforated by numerous small pores. The apertura is semilunar, transverse; 
the peristome is thin, somewhat salient, deprived of spines resistant to fossilization. 



i 

Fig. 21.—Subgenus Diporula Hincks, 1879. 

A-F. Diporula verrucosa Peach, 1868. A. Zoarium, natural size. B. Zooecia with avicularia and 
mandibles, X 25. (A, B, after Hincks, 1880.) C, D. Growing extremity of a zoarium. The ends of the 
last formed row of zooecia have a double slope, like the roof of a house with a raised, rounded, slightly 
overlapping ridge at the top. On each side of this are usually five tubular holes and one or two lower 
down on the side. At the bottom of these tubes is a membrane which has one, two, or even more minute 
perforations. D shows the ridge of the roof and rosette pores, X 85. E. Operculum, X 85. (C-E, after 
Waters, 1878.) F. Mandible, X 85. (After Waters, 1885.) 

G-I. Diporula hastigera Busk, 1884. G. Operculum, X 85. H. Mandible, X 85. (After Waters, 
1889.) I. Section of zooecium showing anatomical structure. (After Jullien, 1903.) av, avicularium; 
c, comiculum; ca, calcite; co, compensatrix;/, fenestrule (=ascopore);/r, frontal; gt, tentacular sheath; 
i, irisoid; mo, opercular muscles; of, inferior orifice of the comiculum; op, operculum; t, tentacles; v, 
dorsal. The comiculum is not a tube allowing communication of the ascopore with the tentacular 
sheath as Jullien thought, but it is a simple fold of the compensatrix probably determined by the size 
of the tentacles. 







126 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The ovicell is globular, placed on the distal zooecium, and of the same nature as the 
frontal. One or two small triangular oblique avicularia are located on each side 
of the ascopore. 

. . [Aa = 0.10mm. „ . [1,2 = 0.70-1.00 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura \ 7 _ , _ Zooecia \ 7 „ rn „ , 

r l m = 0.16 mm. I fe = 0.50-0.f 


.60 mm. 


Affinities. —This large species is well characterized. It differs from Micropo- 
rella californica Hincks, 1883, in its smaller tremopores, its avicularia twice as short, 
its granular frontal, and its larger dimensions. The vestibular arch is as large as 
in Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759; it differs from it in its micrometric measure¬ 
ments, which are twice as large (Lz = 1.00 mm. and not 0.50 mm.). It differs from 
Microporella gibbera in the regular form of its zooecia and in its small avicularia 
placed at the level of the ascopore. 

Although we have not found this species at Santa Barbara, Gabb and Horn’s 
type locality, we do not hesitate to compare our specimens with Reptescharella 
heermanni Gabb and Horn. Their figure resembles Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 
1759, as much as it does the present one, but we believe it best to adopt their name 
instead of suggesting a new one. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon) (rare), and Santa 
Barbara, California (Gabb and Horn). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68602, U.S.N.M. 


MICROPORELLA GIBBERA, new species. 


Plate 37, fig. 3. 


Description. —The zoarium is unilamellar. The zooecia are distinct, sep¬ 
arated by a furrow, very irregular, gibbose; the frontal is convex and perforated 
by numerous and rather large spines. The apertura is semilunar, transverse; the 
peristome is thin, a little salient, deprived of spines, resistant to fossilization. The 
ascopore is very small and placed in the immediate vicinity of the apertura. The 
ovicell is large, very globular, irregular, of the same nature as the frontal. The 
two avicularia are very small and placed lower than the ascopore. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha = 0.12 mm. 
la = 0.14-0.16 mm. 


Zooecia* 


\Lz = 0.90-1.00 
[ lz = 0.60 mm. 


mm . 


Affinities. —The two avicularia are not constant; there is often only a single 
one, somewhat a little larger. The form of the zooecia defies description. 

This species differs from Microporella heermanni Gabb and Horn, 1862, in which 
the dimensions are close, in the irregularity of its zooecia and in its small avicularia 
placed below the ascopore. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68603, U.S.N.M. 


Subgenus Diporula Hincks, 1879. 

1879. Diporula Hincks, On the classification of the British Polyzoa, Annals and Magazine Natural 
History, ser. 5, vol. 3, p. 156. 

The operculum is semilunar and closes the ovicell. The frontal is a tremocyst. 
Avicularia are present. The apertura is horseshoe shaped and is slightly con¬ 
tracted by two lateral projections. The concavity of the ascopore is denticulated. 
Genotype.—Diporula ( Eschara) verrucosa Peach, 1873. 

Range. —Pliocene-R ecent. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


127 



Fig. 22. —Subgenus Ellipsopora, new. 


A-F. Ellipsopora ( Microporella ) flabellaris Busk, 1852. A. Zooecia with avicularia, X 40. B. The 
distal end of a zooecium, X 100. C. Zooecia from the basal surface, X 40. Besides the basal wall of the 
dietellae, the small triangular basal surface of the vibracular chamber is seen lowest down to the right 
on the four zooecia. On some zooecia the basal surface shows a septula and on others an opening corre¬ 
sponding with a septula in an opposite zooecium. D. Radical fibers, X 140. E. Operculum, X 140. 
F. Mandible, X 55. (A-F, after Levinsen, 1909.) 


Ellipsopora, new subgenus. 


The aperture is transverse, elliptical. The operculum is elliptical and closes 
the ovicell. The frontal is a tremocyst. There is a vibraculum on each zooecium. 
Genotype.—Ellipsopora ( Eschara) flabellaris Busk, 1852. Recent. 



Fig. 23.—Subgenus Flustramorpha Gray, 1848. 

A-H. Flustramorpha marginata Krauss, 1837. A. Zooecia with their avicularium, X 40. B. The 
distal end of a zooecium, X 100. C. Four zooecia, from the basal surface, X 40. In addition to the 
marginal dietellae, each basal zooecial surface shows a rosette plate (=septula) and an opening for com¬ 
munication with zooecia in the opposite layer. D. Radical fibers, X 40. E. Operculum, X 140. F. 
Avicularian mandible, X 55. (A-F, after Levinson, 1909.) G, H. Operculum and mandible. (After 
Busk, 1885.) 


» 










128 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Subgenus Flustramorpha Gray, 1848. 

1848. Flustramorpha Gray, List of British Animals in British Museum, pt. 1, Centroniae or Radiated 
animals. 

The operculum closes the ovicell; it is trapezoid. The zoarium is chitinous. 
“Zoarium erect, radicate, bilaminar, composed of irregular lobes, bordered and 
loosely connected by chitinous tubes; mouth coarctate; a lateral pouch-like vibra- 
cularium.” (Busk.) 

Genotype.—Flustramorpha ( Flustra ) marginata Krauss, 1837. Recent. 



Fig. 24.—Genus Calloporina Neviani, 1895. 

A-F. Calloporina decorata Reuss, 1847. A. The zooecium is furnished with three distal dietellae, 
and the curved belts on the ovicell, at the base of which are seen the fine pores of the endooecium, are 
canal like cavities between the endooecium and the distal calcified part of the ectooecium. Between 
these canals, which open through a circle of pores, the two layers of the zooecium have united; X 40. 
B. A portion of the zooecium, magnified X 75. C. Operculum, X 100. (A-C, after Levinsen, 1909.) 
I). Operculum, X 85. E. Mandible, X 85. (D, E, after Waters, 1887.) F. Portion of a fossil zoarium. 
(After Manzoni, 1875.) 


Genus CALLOPORINA Neviani, 1895. 

1895. Calloporina Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina e Monte Maria presso Roma Paleonto- 
graphia Italica, Pisa, vol. 1, p. 107. 

The frontal is garnished with lateral areolar pores. Costules and avicularia 
are present. The ascopore is circular. 

Genotype.—Calloporina ( Cellepora) decorata Reuss, 1847. 

Range. —Helvetian-Recent. 

The known species of the genus are: 

Calloporina ( Cellepora ) decorata Reuss, 1847. 

Calloporina ( Lepralia ) diaderha MacGillivray, 1868. 

Calloporina (Microporella ) renipuncta MacGillivray, 1882. 

Calloporina ( Microporella) scandens MacGillivray, 1884. 






NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


129 



¥ 

Fig. 25.—Genus Inversiula Jullien, 1888. 


A. Inversiula nutrix Jullien, 1888. Zooecium. (After Jullien, 1888.) 

B-F. Inversiula inversa Waters, 1889. B. Zooecia, X 25.' C. Decalcified zooecia, X 50. Distinct 
tubes occupy the place of the grooves. The interior membrane of the zooecial wall is not perforated by 
the stellate pores. A stellate pore X 250 is represented at a. D. Three stages of growth, X 50. There 
are deep grooves between the stellate pores. (B-D, after Waters, 1889.) E. Structure of the stellate 
pores, X 200. (After Levinsen, 1909.) F. Operculum, X 250. (After Waters, 1887.) 

Genus INVERSIULA Jullien, 1888. 

1888. Inversiula Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn. 1882-83, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, 
p. 41. 

No ovicell. The frontal is a tremocyst with stellate pores. The aperture is 
elliptical and transverse. The convexity of the ascopore is turned toward the 
aperture. Avicularia are present. No spines. 

Genotype.—Inversiula nutrix Jullien, 1888. 

Range. —Miocene-Recent. 

The known species of this genus are: 

Inversiula nutrix Jullien, 1888. 

Inversiula ( Microporella) inversa Waters, 1889. 

Inversiula ( Microporella) airensis Maplestone, 1910. 

Inversiula ( Microporella) guadricornis Maplestone, 1910. 

Group 3. HIPPOPORAE Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

Genus HIPPOPORINA Neviani, 1895. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 374.) 

HIPPOPOKINA PUSILLA, new species. 

Plate 45, figs. 8, 9. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts sponges and corals. The zooecia are dis¬ 
tinct, separated by a furrow, small, elongate, elliptical; the frontal is an absolutely 
smooth olocyst. The apertura is very small, surrounded by a thick peristome which 









130 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


is salient tuberous, or garnished with six spines; two very small cardelles placed 
on the lower third separate the anter from tne concave poster. The ovicell is 
globular, salient; it can not be closed by the operculum. 


Measurements. —Apertura j Zooecia 

r l la = 0.05 mm. 

Affinities. —The saliency of its peristome and its small 
this species quite well. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal 
Holotype. —Cat. No. 68604, TJ.S.N.M. 


f Lz = 0.40 mm. 

[ [lz = 0.25 mm. 
dimensions characterize 

Zone (very rare). 


HIPPOPORINA G1BBOSA, new species. 


Plate 18, fig. 10. 


Descriptions. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow of little depth, hexagonal, elongate; the frontal is smooth, little convex, 
garnished with a frontal gibbosity. The apertura is elongate and formed of a large 
anter separated by two cardelles from a small poster with proximal border almost 
straight. The ovicell is large globular, widely open. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha-= 0.14 mm. 
Za = 0.11 mm. 


Zooecia 


1)2 = 0.45-0.50 mm. 
lz = 0.30-0.35 mm. 


Variations. —No other known species of the genus Hippoporina presents a 
frontal gibbosity; it ^therefore easy to distinguish this one and no error is possible. 
The micrometric measurements of the zooecia are quite variable^and our figure 
shows a zooecium measuring 0.60 mm. in width. This irregularity is difficult to 
explain, for it is not occasioned only by calcification; it is real and easy to ascertain 
on the worn zooecia whose frontal is broken. In most of the other Cheilostomatous 
bryozoa the irregularity is more apparent than real and examination of the interiors 
reveals the zooecia to be practically equal. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68605, U.S.N.M. 


HIPPOPORINA(?) VESTITA, new species. 

Plate 18, figs. 7-9. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, hexago¬ 
nal, separated by a furrow of little depth, with little convex frontal, smooth and cov¬ 
ered by two or three superposed calcareous pellicles. The apertura is elliptical, 
elongate. The ovicell is little salient; it bears a very fragile frontal area. 

Variation. —This is a strange species, the generic position of which is very un¬ 
certain; but we are unable to create a special genus for such incomplete specimens. 
The latter bear only broken ovicells and we can not obtain an exact idea of their 
nature. The exterior calcification is very remarkable. The deposit of two or 
three calcareous pellicles can only be explained by an endocystal covering, immedi¬ 
ately adjacent to the ectocyst. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68606, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


131 


HIPPOPORINA LATA(?) Smltt, 1872. 

Plate 1, fig. 11. 

1872. Gemellipora lata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiena 

Handlingar, vol. 11, No. 4, p. 36, pi. 7, fig. 157. 

1919. Hippoporina lata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 

Publications of the Carnegie Institution at Washington, No. 291, p. 93, pi. 1, fig. 14. 

This recent species was described from specimens from the Floridan waters and 
the species itself is confined to this region. A very mediocre fossil specimen of 
doubtful determination has been found in the strata of Antigua. 

Occurrence. —Oligocene (Antigua formation): Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward 
Islands (rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68607, U.S.N.M. 

Genus HIPPODIPLOSIA Canu, 1916. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 393.) 

HIPPODIPLOSIA BACCATA Canu and Bassler. 1920. 

Plate 3, fig. 1. 

1920. Hippodiplosia baccata CAnu and Bassler, Monograph of the Early Tertiary Bryozoa of North 

America, Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 397, pi. 87, figs. 5, 6. 

This species, which was based on specimens from the Vicksburgian of Missis¬ 
sippi, is represented in Lower Miocene strata at Bowden, Jamaica. In these Mio¬ 
cene specimens the tremocyst is separable and the intensity of the calcification is 
very active in the ancestrular region. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 

Geologic distribution. —Vicksburgian of Mississippi. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68608, U.S.N.M. 

HIPPODIPLOSIA BIGIBERRA. new epedes. 

Plate 12, fig. 10. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow, elongated, subrectangular; the frontal is somewhat convex, perforated 
by a dozen of small tremopores and ornamented with two gibbosites symmetrically 
placed in the vicinity of the apertura, which they hide and partially deform. The 
apertura is elliptical, elongated; two small, deep cardelles separate a large an ter 
from a small poster. 

,, . , \ha =0.17-0.19 mm. n . \Lz= 0.50 mm. 

Measurements. Aperturaj =0 15 _ 0 17 mm Zooecia _ 0 35 _ 0 45 ^ 

Structure. —The aspect of the apertura is very deceiving in a photograph. It 
appears to resemble that of Gemellipora, but this is an optical illusion arising from 
the projection on the same plane of the different zooecial elevations. In reality 
the apertura is elliptical, but its proximal portion is deformed by two frontal gib¬ 
bosites which appear thus separated by a false rimule. By inclining specimens the 
true form of the apertura is visible. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, 
Virginia (rare). 

Holotype.— Cat. No. 68609, U.S.N.M. 




132 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus HIPPOMENELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

(For description see Bulletin IOC, U. S. National Museum, p. 379.) 
HIPPOMENELLA INFRATELUM Canu and Bassler, 1919. 


Plate 6, fig. 2. 

1919. Hippomenella infratelum Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 92, pi. 6, fig. 2. 


Description. —The zoarium is a narrow Eschara borne on an expanded base. 
The zooecia are elongate, distinct, elliptical; the frontal is convex, surrounded by a 
line of small areolar pores and formed of a pleurocyst very finely granulated. The 
apertura is elliptical, elongate, with two very small cardelles. The avicularium is 
salient, elliptical with pivot, placed on the line of pores in the lower part of the 
zooecium. 


Measurements. 


. , {ha =0.16-0.20 mm. 

-AperturaL -(U4 


mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz =0.60-0.70 mm. 


Iz =0.40-0.50 mm. 

Affinities. —The only specimen found has been figured. The species is abso¬ 
lutely characterized by its elliptical avicularium placed interiorly, a character which 
does not exist in the other species of the genus. We have observed a rather rare 
case of regeneration of a zooecium by an avicularium ( zr). 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo 
(very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68610, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HIPPOPORELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 377.) 
HIPPOPORELLA SPINOSA, new species. 

Plate 19, fig. 10. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts other bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, 
separated by a deep furrow, somewhat elongate, elliptical; the frontal is smooth, 
very convex, garnished laterally with small areolar widely spaced pores. The 
apertura is elongate, the proximal border is almost straight; the two small cardelles 
are placed very low; the peristome is little salient and bears six spines. There is a 
vestibular arch. The ovicell is large, globular, salient, never closed by the 
operculum. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha =0.12 mm. 
la =0.10-0.12 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz =0.50 mm. 
lz =0.35 mm. 


Variations. —The zooecia are rather variable in aspect and measurements; 
however, the number of spines, the vestibular arch, and the place of the cardelles 
are very constant characters which permit no confusion with the species which we 
have described from the American Eocene. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown): Yorktown, Virginia (rare). 

Holotype.— Cat. No. 68611, U.S.N.M. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


133 


HIPPOPORELLA(?) PAPULIFERA, new species. 


Plate 19, fig. 14. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical; the frontal is very convex, perforated by a 
double row of areolar pores, ornamented with little salient costules and covered by 
a more or less granular pleurocyst. The apertura is oblique, deep, located at the 
base of a peristomie, the peristome of which is spinous, very thin and little salient; 
the two cardelles are quite low. A hollow mucro in the form of a pimple hides the 
proximal part of the apertura. 


nr . . , k=0.15 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 - , _ 

1 la =0.15 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz =0.45-0.50 mm. 


Iz =0.35-0.40 mm. 

Affinities. —We have not discovered the ovicell of this species. The frontal 
granulations are rare or numerous according to the place of the zooecia. On account 
of the obliquity of the aperture the two cardelles are visible only when the specimen 
is inclined to an angle of 45°. 

This species differs from Lepralia montifera Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, in its 
nontransverse aperture and from Hippoporella costulata in the absence of small 
adventitious avicularia. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctowhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68612, U.S.N.M. 


HIPPOPORELLA COSTULATA, new species. 

Plate 45, fig. 14. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, hexagonal, widened; the frontal is convex and formed of an olocyst 
surmounted by a pleurocyst garnished laterally with areolar pores and with costules 
converging toward the oral mucro. The apertura bears two very small cardelles 
placed in the lower third ; the proximal border is somewhat concave and denticulated. 
The ovicell is globular, smooth, little salient, much embedded in the distal zoecium; 
it is never closed by the operculum. On the line of pores there are small irregularly 
placed avicularia. 

J . (k = 0.12 mm. „ . 0.45-0.50 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura , _ , _ Zooecia , _ 0 _ . _ 

r ( Za = 0.12 mm. [ 22 = 0.35-0.45 mm. 

Variations. —The line of areolar pores is often doubled by another more interior 
one. The passage of the eggs, as in all the species of this genus, is assured by the 
embedding of the ovicell in the distal zooecium and in the presence of the oral mucro 
formed by the coalescence of the interareolar costules. In the vicinity of the 
ancestrula the zooecia have some large frontal pores. The species has neither 
peristome nor spines. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68613, U.S.N.M. 

Genus LEPRALIA Johnston, 1847. 

The name Lepralia is retained for those species of the Hippoporae which show 
no ovicell and which cannot therefore be more definitely placed. 


134 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

LEPRALIA MONTIFERA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 18, fig. 11. 

1904. Lepralia monti/era Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 424, pi. 
116, fig. 5. 

The original description is as follows: 

Zoarium parasitic, in one or more layers. Zooecia not regularly arranged, subovate, averaging 
0.5 mm. or a trifle more in length and about 0.35 mm. in width. Orifice oblique, depressed in front, 
transversely subovate, broadly sinuate below; peristone scarcely thickened. Central portion of surface 
very high, the slopes traversed by rows of large punctures in radially disposed furrows. Ovicells not 
observed; nor avicularia, unless certain elongate-acuminate, curved depressions, with a pore at the 
broader lower extermity, that sometimes may be observed close to the rim of the orifice, are of that 
nature. This rather highly ornamented form reminds in certain respects of Cribrilina, but on the whole 
it agrees better with Lepralia. The strikingly monticular elevation and strongly puncto-radiate marking 
of the surface of the zooecia will, we believe, serve very well in distinguishing the species. 

We are unable to classify this species generically on account of the absence of 
ovicell on the type and only specimen. 

The interareolar costules are larger than in Hippoporella costulata, but the 
present species differs in the absence of a hollow infraoral mucro and of the small 
adventitious avicularia. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (St Mary’s formation): St. Marys River, Maryland 
(very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68614, U.S.N.M. 

LEPRALIA CRIBROSA? Maplestone, 1900. 

Plate 36, fig. 1. 

1900. Lepralia cribrosa Maplestone, Further descriptions of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, pt. 6, 
Proceedings Royal Society, Victoria, vol 13, pt. 2, p. 210, pi. 35, fig. 16. 

We are not certain of our determination, although the specimen studied is a 
superb one. If the magnification indicated by Maplestone be exact our species 
would be somewhat smaller. The absence of an ovicell does not allow the species 
to be classified generically. Two very small cardelles separate a large anterfrom a 
smaller poster. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica, (Long wharf Canyon), California 
(very rare). 

Geological distribution. —Miocene of Australia (Maplestone). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68615, U.S.N.M. 

Group 4. PERISTOMELLAE Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

Genus TRYPEMATELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920. 

1920. Trypematella Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bul¬ 
letin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 417. 

• 

The ovicell is hyperstomial and closed by the operculum for the passage of the 
eggs. The apertura is semilunar with proximal border a little concave. The 
frontal bears some lateral areolar pores (pleurocyst on olocyst). Two large lateral 
avicularia are placed below the apertura. 

Genotype .— Trypematella papulifera, new species. Pleistocene. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


135 


TRYPEMATELLA PAPULIFERA, new species. 


Plate 35, figs. 12-14. 


Description. —The zoarium is free and cylindrical; it incrusts fine algae. The 
zooecia are little distinct, short, wide; the frontal is little convex and perforated 
laterally by large areolar pores. The apertura is semielliptical; the peristome is 
salient and very thin with four distal spines; the ovicell is very large, placed on the 
distal zooecium, globular, salient, closed by the operculum for the passage of the 
eggs; it is costulate and granulated and bears a smooth prominence at its summit. 
On each side of the apertura there is a small round avicularium -without pivot. 
Laterally, on the line of the areolar pores, on each side of the zoecium, there is a 
large triangular avicularium, with pivot, transverse or turned toward the top. 


. . k = 0.09mm. n . \Lz — 0.40-0.45 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 „ , _ Zooecia , 

1 { ia = 0.12 mm. I lz = 0.30-0.45 mm. 

(With the avicularia.) 

Variations. —This fine species is very irregular in aspect on account of the 
irregularities of calcification. This is very active and gives a great thickness to 
the zooecial walls. The size and number of the avicularia, the organs of oxygenation, 
seem to indicate that the species lived in very calm waters. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68616, U.S.N.M. 


Group 5. DIVERS GENERA. » 

Genus CYCLOCOLPOSA Canu and Bassler, 1920. 

1920. Cyclocolposa Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, 
Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 431. 

The apertura is suborbicular or elliptical without -eardelles. The frontal is 
an olocyst, perforated by a double row of areolar pores, and covered by a granular, 
detachable pleurocyst. The ovicell is hyperstomial, never closed by the operculum, 
embedded in the distal zooecium. 

Genotype.—Cyclocolposa perforata, new species. 

Range. —Miocene-Pliocene. 

In spite of appearances this genus is very different from Cyclicopora Hincks, 
1884. The frontal pores are really areolar pores and not tremopores, for they are 
separated by short costules; the granulations reveal also the detachable pleurocyst, 
moreover, and are often visible on the altered zooecia. In Cyclicopora the opercu¬ 
lum always closes the ovicell to assure the passage of the eggs; here this function 
is assured by the embedding of the ovicell in the distal zooecium, and in the great 
thickness of the frontal; the orifice is thus arranged in the locella in front of the 
tentacular sheath. 

CYCLOCOLPOSA PERFORATA, new species. 

Plate 30, figs. 6-14. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters over large surfaces. The zooecia 
are distinct, separated by a furrow, elliptical or hexagonal, short, wide; the frontal 
is convex, surrounded by a double row of areolar pores, and formed of an olocyst 
supporting a granular and detachable pleurocyst. The apertura is oblique, subor- 


136 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


bicular, deeply embedded. The ovicell is globular, smooth, little salient, deeply 
embedded in the distal zooecium. The walls are very thick and perforated by a 
large number of dietellae. The ancestrula is small and reduced to only the aper- 
tura; it emits five zooecia. 

ha = 0.17 mm. „ . f Lz = 0.50-0.55 mm. 

la = 0.17 mm. ooeciaj ^ = 0.50 mm. 

Variations. —The pleurocyst is detachable by alteration during fossilization 
(fig. 10). The ancestrula, normal in figure 8, is often covered by the pleurocyst of 
the adjacent zooecia (fig. 9). Sometimes there are nonoriented zooecia. The 
calcified zooecia are provided with tremopores. The structure of the olocyst is that 
of Cyclicopora. The very thick walls with numerous dietellae characterize this 
species (fig. 14); their number is quite variable from 12 to 20. 

MucroneTla laqueata Norman, 1864, presents the same dietellae; it differs from 
it in its perforated frontal and in the absence of lyrule. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (very common). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68617, U.S.N.M. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


CYCLOCOLPOSA TENUIPARIETIS, new species. 
Plate 21, figs. 1-4. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts pelecypod shalls. The zooecia are distinct, 
elongated, elliptical, separated by a deep furrow; the frontal is convex, surrounded 
by a double row of large, scattered, areolar pores, separated by pleurocystal gran¬ 
ules. The apertura is elongate, oblique, elliptical, without cardelles. The ovicell 
is small, hardly salient, much embedded in the distal zooecium, with frontal smooth 
and fragile. Rarely a round oral avicularium is present. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


Aa = 0.16 mm. 
Za = 0.14 mm. 


Zooecia! 


\Lz = 0.54-0.58 mm. 
I lz = 0.46-0.50 mm. 


Affinities. —The presence of the ovicell absolutely disfigures this species; isolated 
portions of the zoarium containing only ovicelled zooecia can not be determined 
with certainty. The fragility of the superior wall is extreme; it does not resist 
fossilization; it results in a fantastic aspect difficult to comprehend. Exteriorly 
the pleurocyst is much reduced, and the abundance of areolar pores seems to indicate 
a tremocyst; the study of the interior does not permit this supposition. 

This species differs from Cyclocolposa perforata in its elongate zooecia and in its 
very thin zooecial walls. 

Occurrence.— Miocene (Duplin marl): Harvey Mills, Leon County, Florida (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68618, U.S.N.M. 


CYCLOCOLPOSA(?) SPINIFERA. new species. 


Plate 20, figs. 12, 13. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, sepa¬ 
rated by a deep furrow, somewhat elongated, much swollen; the frontal is very 
convex, garnished laterally with a double row of areolar pores and formed of an 
olocyst supporting a detachable pleurocyst. The apertura is orbicular or some¬ 
what elongated and is surrounded by six large hollow spines. The ovicell is hyper- 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 137 


stomial, very globular, smooth, costulated on its borders; it is closed by the opercu¬ 
lum. A very small median avicularium opens in the apertura. 


Measurements .—Apertura 


7uz = 0.15 mm. 
la = 0.12 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 
lz = 0.35 mm.. 


Variations .—The exterior aspect of this species is rather variable. Figure 12 
represents the young zoarium which has not had time to attain its complete develop¬ 
ment. The apertura appears as elliptical and elongated; the frontal is still not 
completely covered by the pleurocyst and the deposit of calcite is clearly visible 
around each areolar pore. In figure 13 the calcification is complete; the frontal is 
very thick and the form of the apertura here becomes undefinable. The small 
median avicularium appears to be excavated in the thickness of the pleurocyst. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, 
Gloucester County (rare), Beulahland, King and Queen County, and other localities 
in Virginia (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68619, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CYCLOPERIELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920. 


1920. Cycloperiella Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, 
Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 43. 


The ovicell is hyperstomial, globular, not embedded in the distal zoecium, 
and entirely covers the apertura. The apertura is formed of a semilunar anter 
and of a very concave poster. The frontal is formed of a very thin olocyst sup¬ 
porting a tremocyst with large widened pores. 

Genotype.—Cycloperiella rubra , new species. 

Range. —Miocene-Pliocene. 

This genus offers the same frontal and apertural characters as Cyclicopora 
Hincks, 1884. It differs from it in its ovicell never closed by the operculum. 
The passage of the eggs is assured by the form of the ovicell itself, which entirely 
covers the apertura. 

CYCLOPERIELLA RUBRA, new species. 

Plate 21, figs. 5-9. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells and frequently presents two super¬ 
posed lamellae. The zooecia are elongate, a little elliptical, separated by a deep 
furrow; the frontal is thick, convex, and covered with large, widened tremopores. 
The apertura is semilunar, with a concave proximal border, and surrounded by 
a sort of thick and little salient peristome. The ovicell is globular, salient, covered 
with tremopores; it entirely covers the apertura. Its exterior orifice is irregular. 

,, , . (k = 0.15mm, „ . \Lz = 0.55-0.60 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 Zooecia , _ 

1 [la =0.15 mm. [Iz =0.35 mm. 

Affinities. —The zoarium often covers large surfaces; it was strongly pigmented, 
all the fossils are purple, indicating that their primitive tint was red. In the 
interior the very thin and pellicular olocyst scarcely resists fossilization, and the 
tremopores are clearly visible. Two very small lateral condyles serve as axis to 
the operculum. The orifice of the ovicell is irregular, oblique to the zooecial 
surface. It is difficult to comprehend how the polypide could extend its tentacles. 

12184—23—Bull. 125-10 




138 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


It is therefore probable that after the passage of the eggs the polypide disappears 
by histolysis. The zooecia with calcified orifice are not rare. Sometimes a small 
gibbosity occurs on the frontal. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, 8 miles east of Snow Hill, 
10 miles south of Greenville, and Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, 
Duplin County, North Carolina (common). Miocene (Yorktown formation): 
Suffolk, 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, and other localities in Virginia (common). 
Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): 
Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina (common). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68620-68625, U.S.N.M. 

Genus CYCLICOPOBA Hincks, 1884. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 424.) 

CYCUCOPORA MULTILAMELLOSA, new species. 

Plate 46, figs. 3-6. 


Description. —The zoarium is free, irregularly orbicular, striated concentrically 
on the inferior face and formed of many superposed lamellae. The zooecia are 
heaped upon each other, little raised, nonoriented, distinct, elongated, hexagonal 
or rectangular; the frontal is little convex, tuberous, and formed of a tremocyst 
with scattered pores, resting on an olocyst. The apertura is elliptical, transverse, 
with a concave proximal border; it is placed at one of the zooecial angles. In 
the immediate vicinity of the apertura there is a small orbicular avicularium 
sometimes transformed into a long transverse avicularium. The ovicell is globular, 
salient, very large, partially embedded in the distal zooecium and always closed 
by the operculum; it is covered by the tremocyst. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha = 0.15 mm. 
la =0.20 mm. 


Zooecia 1 


(L 2 = 0.80 mm. 

[ Zz = 0.60-0.80 mm. 


Variations. —The zooecial dimensions are quite variable; the zooecia are 
elongated or transverse. The characteristic of this species is the excentric position 
of the apertura; this and the avicularium occupy the distal portion of the zooecium. 
In the interior the aperture occupies its usual median position; it is therefore 
the irregularities of calcification which causes its exterior aspect. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). 
Cotypes.— Cat. No. 68626, U.S.N.M. 


CYCLICOPORA? MANSFIELDI. new species. 


Plate 19, fig. 11. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts Cellepore bryozoa. The zooecia are 
distinct, separated by a furrow of little depth, elongated, elliptical; the frontal is 
little convex and covered with large, widely spaced tremopores. The apertura 
is suborbicular, the proximal border being simply concave; neither cardelles nor 
peristome are present. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


7wt = 0.12 mm. 
la =0.12 mm. 


Zooecial 


[Lz = 0.35 mm. 
lz =0.25-0.30 mm. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


139 


As our single specimen is without an ovicell, the generic determination must 
remain doubtful. This species is named in honor of Mr. Wendell C. Mansfield, 
of the United States Geological Survey, who has collected many interesting 
specimens of bryozoa for our study. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Yorktown formation): miles southwest Reed’s 

Ferry, Virginia (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68627, U.S.N.M. 

CYCLICOPORA(T) GIGANTEA, new species. 


Plate 37, fig. 5. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts pebbles. The zooecia are distinct, 
gigantic, ogival or hexagonal; the frontal is convex and formed of a tremocyst 
with small scattered pores surmounting an olocyst perforated by very minute 
pores corresponding to the tremopores. The apertura is elongate, elliptical, without 
lyrule or cardelles, with a concave proximal border; it is surrounded by a salient 
peristome, more or less thick and widened. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not 
embedded in the distal zooecium. 


Measurements. —Apertura' 


Aa = 0.30-0.35 mm. 
la =0.30-0.35 mm. 


Zooecia' 


Lz = 1.50-1.60 mm. 
Iz =0.90-1.40 mm. 


Variations .—The micrometric measurements are variable. The tremocyst is 
detachable and finely granular between the pores. The ovicells of our specimens 
are broken and we are therefore unable to classify the species without doubt. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Tremochal Canyon), California (rare). 
Holotype. —Cat. No. 68628, U.S.N.M. 


Genus AIMULOSIA Jullien, 1888. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 428.) 
AIMULOSIA ACULEATA, new species. 


Plate 21, figs. 10-14. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow, ovoid, wide; the frontal is convex, smooth, perforated laterally by 
small, scattered, areolar pores; it bears on its median line a small avicularium 
very salient, oblique, orbicular, without pivot. The apertura is semilunar, a little 
elongate, with a somewhat concave proximal border; the peristome is thick, 
little salient, and garnished by two distal spines. The ovicell is globular, smooth, 
quite salient, transverse, very widely open in front of the median avicularium. 
Frequently there is a small triangular avicularium at the side of the. apertura. 


„ . a a |k = 0.10mm, 

Measurements .—AperturaC _ , „ 

r ila =0.10 mm, 


Zooecia' 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 
.Iz = 0.45 mm. 


Variations .—In all the species of this genus there is a very great micrometric 
difference between the ancestrular zooecia and the marginal ones. Our measure¬ 
ments are the largest that we have observed. The oral avicularium replaces an 
areolar pore. This is the rule in all the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. This organ is 
nourished in fact from the interior of the zooecia and must necessarily be in 
relationship with the mesenchymatous tissue. This avicularium is inconstant in 
its presence; sometimes it is lacking; sometimes there are two. The irregularity 



140 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


of the avicularia is one of the most tantalizing problems of bryozoology. It will 
remain unsolved until we know the exact physiological functions of these organs. 

The apertura has no fixed measurements; it may be elongate or transverse, 
large or small. It appears to be in rapport with the size of the zooecium itself. 
The ancestrula is very small; it is reduced to its apertura; it engenders four normal 
zooecia and a zooeciule bearing only a salient median avicularium. The presence 
of the median avicularium is a vital necessity for the zooecium and the first bud 
of the ancestrula is really this avicularium. The specimens from the Pliocene are 
still more irregular than those of the Miocene. 

Affinities .—This species differs from Aimulosia brevis in its large micrometric 
dimensions and in the presence of areolar pores. It differs from Aimulosia radiata 
in its greater zooecial width, in the absence of interareolar costules, and in the 
much smaller areolar pores. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare); 
Harvey’s Mills, Leon County, Florida (rare); and Muldrow’s Mills, 5 miles south of 
Maysville (rare), South Carolina. Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, 
Horry County, South Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes.— Cat. Nos. 68629, 68630, U.S.N.M. 


AIMULOSIA BREVIS, new species. 


Plate 3, figs. 5-7. 

Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow, ovoid, very short; the frontal is convex, smooth, generally without 
areolar pores, terminated on the median line by a small, round, very salient 
avicularium. The apertura is semielliptical; the peristome is little salient, wide, 
and bears two hollow spines. The ovicell is globular, salient, smooth, transverse 
with a very large orifice. Frequently there is a triangular avicularium at the side 
of the peristome. 

,, . . fk=0.08mm. „ . 1X2 = 0.30 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura, 7 .. Zooecia;, . 

1 lla = 0.08 mm. Uz =0.20 mm. 


Affinities .—The areolar pores are very small; they are easily closed by 
fossilization and the zooecia appear deprived of them. 

This species differs from Aimulosia aculeata in its smaller micrometric 
measurements and in the apparent absence of areolar pores. 

Occurrence .—Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, 
Florida (rare). Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (common). 
Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo (rare). 
Cotypes.— Cat. Nqs. 68631-68633, U.S.N.M. 


, AIMULOSIA RADIATA, new species. 

Plate 32, fig. 5. 

Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow, elongate, claviform; the frontal is convex, garnished laterally with 
large areolar pores and with interareolar costules arranged in radiating rows, and 
formed of a pleurocvst, slightly granular, surmounting a smooth olocyst; the 
median avicularium is very salient, oblique, and surmounts a mucro. The apertura 
is semilunar, located at the base of a short peristomie. The peristome is thick 
and bears two hollow spines. The ovicell is globular, very salient, smooth, very 
widely open before the median avicularium. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


141 


Measurements.- 


. , |k = 0.08 mm. 

-Apertura^ _ al0 


mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.40 mm. 

\lz =0.20-0.30 mm. 

Affinities. —This species is very easy to recognize by its interareolar radiating 
costules; however, this character is much less apparent on the zooecial margins 
where the pleurocystal calcification is incomplete. 

Occurrence. —-Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, 
Florida (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68634, U.S.N.M. 


Family EURYSTOMELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909. 

Levinsen’s original description is as follows: 

No spines. The thick-walled and strongly calcified zooecia lack a covering membrane and have 
either no pores at all or 2-5 extremely large fenestrae. The broad aperture, which has a concave proxi¬ 
mal rim, is provided with a more or less strongly chitinized operculum surrounded by a continuous 
marginal thickening. No avicularia. The ooecium is enclosed in a kenozooecium, the frontal wall of 
which is provided with a very large uncalcified part. Pore-chambers [dietellae] or groups of uniporous 
rosette-plates [septulae]. 

The two known species classed in this family are Lepralia foraminigera Hincks, 
1883, and Lepralia bilabiata Hincks, 1884. Levinsen believed that the second 
species is probably the type of a special genus while the first is the type of the genus 
Eurystomella. 



Fig. 26.—Genus Eurystomella Levinsen, 1909. 


A-C. Eurystomella bilabiata Hincks, 1884. A. Sketch showing the operculum dissected out; rb, 
outer rib; rb', inner rib; in. op., inner operculum; or, orifice; lat. mem., lateral membrane; fd. mem., 
folded membrane; ac, accessory lip; ou. op., outer operculum. B. A few adult zooecia, X 30; th. r, 
thickened rim; op, operculum; um, umbo; k, keel. C. A few zooecia at the growing edge of the colony 
showing the membranous aperture of the imjnature zooecia (im. zoe.) (A-C, after Robertson, 1908.) 

D-F. Eurystomella foraminigera Hincks, 1883. D. Two gonozooecia and an ordinary zooecium, 
X 40. E. Three zooecia, from the basal surface, which has a large uncalcified central part, X 40. F. A 
sagittal section through a zooecium with ovicell, X 40. The orifice of the ovicell is closed by the 
ectocyst. (D-F, after Levinsen, 1909.) 







142 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Genus EURYSTOMELLA Levinsen, 1909. 

1909. Eurystomella Levinsen, Morphological and systematic studies on the cheilostomatous 
Bryozoa, p. 314. 

Characters same as for the family. The operculum closes the ovicell. 

EURYSTOMELLA BILABIATA Hincks, 1884. 

Plate 37, fig. 6. 

1884. Lepralia bilabiata Hincks, Polyzoa Queen Charlotte Islands, Annals and Magazine Natural 
History, ser. 5, vol. 13, p. 49, pi. 3, fig. 1. 

1908. Lepralia bilabiata Robertson, The incrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the West coast of 
North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, no. 5, p. 298, pi. 21, 
figs. 61-64. 

Our fossil specimens of this species are mediocre and do not permit us to add 
any useful contribution to the knowledge of this remarkable species. We therefore 
have no modifications to add to Levinsen’s description. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Dead Man’s Island, off San Pedro, California (rare). 

Habitat.— Pacific: California and Queen Charlotte Islands. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68635, U.S.N.M. 

Family STOMACHETOSELLIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

Genus LEIOSELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 448.) 

LEIOSELLA EDAX, new species. 

Plate 22, figs. 1-6. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, unilamellar, often tubular; it was attached 
to the delicate radicells of algae. The zooecia are indistinct. The peristomice is 
very large, elongate, provided with a large rimule spiramen; the peristomie is 
deep; the apertura (in the interior) is semilunar with a concave proximal border. 
The ovicell is placed in the peristomie; it is widely open above the operculum; it 
bears a circular, very fragile frontal area. Around the peristomice there are three 
or four small, round, salient avicularia, with two denticles for pivot; they are 
sometimes transformed into large avicularia with spatulate mandibles. Another 
avicularium opens into the peristomie. 

,, , . \ha=0.\b mm. Zooecia \Lz = 0.40 mm. 

Measurements. Aperturaj^ _ Q 1M mm <mterior){k -0.30-0.35 mm. 

Affinities.—' The aspect of .this species is quite variable and depends solely on 
the number and development of the frontal avicularia. It appears very greedy for 
oxygen, a fact which is supported by the great thickness of its frontal wall and the 
activity of the calcareous secretion. Sometimes two small avicularia are replaced 
by a much larger one with large spatulate mandible. 

The peristomie is the real seat of life of this species. An avicularum (visible 
from the interior) opens into the lateral portion. The distal portion is reserved for 
the ovicell. Finally, the pseudo-rimule spiramen in the proximal portion is the 
orifice of the hydrostatic system. It is probable that the female polypide disap¬ 
pears by histolysis at the moment of the development of the embryos and the 
escape of the larva. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Chipola marl): Chipola River, Calhoun County, 
Florida (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68636, U.S.N.M. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 143 

Family SMITTINIDAE Levinsen, 1909. 

Genus SMITTINA Norman, 1903. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 456.) 

SMITTINA TRISPINOSA Johnston, 1838. 

Plate 22, figs. 7-14. 

1838. Lepralia trispinosa Johnston, History of British Zoophytes, p. 324, pi. 57, fig. 7. 

1889. Smittia trispinosa Jelly, A synonymic catalogue of marine Bryozoa, p. 252 (general bibliog¬ 
raphy). 

1894. Smittia trispinosa Levinsen, Zoologiea Danica (Danske Dyr), Heft 9, p. 70, pi. 6, figs. 10, 11. 

1896. Smittia trispinosa Neviani, Briozoi Postpliocenici di Spilinga (Calabria), Atti Accademia 
Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 41, fig. 22. 

1899. Smittia trispinosa Waters, Bryozoa from Maderia, Journal Royal Microscopical Society, p. 16. 

1900. Smittia trispinosa Robertson, Papers from the Harriman Alaskan Expedition, VI, The 

Bryozoa, Proceedings Washington Aacademy Sciences, vol. 2, p. 327. 

1902. Smittia trispinosa Calvet, Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette, Travaux de l’lnstitut de 
Zoologie de Montpellier, Mem. 11, p. 56. 

1902. Smittia trispinosa Calvet, Bryozoaires marins des cotes de Corse, Travaux de l’lnstitut de 
Zoologie de Montpellier, Mem. 12, p. 30. 

1907. Smittina trispinosa Nordgaard, Bryozoen von dem norwegischen Fischereidampfer “Michael 

Sars,” Bergens Museums Aarbog, no. 2, p. 15. 

1908. Smittia trispinosa Robertson, The incrusting cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of 

North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, pi. 22, figs. 68-70. 

1910. Smittia trispinosa Osburn, Bryozoa of the Woods Hole region, Bulletin Bureau of Fisheries, 
vol. 30, p. 246, pi. 27, fig. 65 (American bibliography). 

1912. Smittina trispinosa Nordgaard, Revision av Universitets museets samling av norske 
Bryozoer, Kgl. norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skriften, no. 3, p. 22. 

1914. Smittina trispinosa Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publications of 
the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 182, p. 208. 

Variations .—This species is extremely variable and many varieties are known. 
The varieties arborea Levinsen and lamellosa Smitt appear to be peculiar to the 
boreal regions. The varieties munita Hincks, bimucronata Hincks, nitida Verrii, 
ja'ponica Ortmann, etc., have no particular geographic extension and they generally 
accompany the type. The varieties, of which we have not cited the bibliography, 
are established either on the zoarial aspect or on the form of the avicularian man¬ 
dibles; that is to say, on very secondary characters. Calvet, 1902, has shown 
that these characters themselves are rather characters of variations. 

The detailed study of the variations would be desirable and would permit 
perhaps the discovery of the cause of them, which would be very important from 
the biologic point of view. It is probable that the richness of the waters in plank¬ 
tonic elements, the swiftness of the currents, the nature of the substratum, the 
agitation of the waters, and the nature of the bottom are the causes of the varia¬ 
tions of which it is important to establish exact limits. 

The geographic distribution of this species is universal; it has been discovered 
in all the explored seas. According to the known rules, the geological distribution 
must be correlative. But it is not so; only Waters and Neviani have mentioned 
fossil specimens. 

The constant characteristic of this species is its very regular mode of gemma¬ 
tion (fig. 10) operating alternately between the walls which are absolutely recti- 



144 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


linear and deprived of septules. The pseudo-rimule of the peristomice has no 
avicularium as in almost all other species of the genus. This avicularium is gener¬ 
ally placed on the line of the areolar pores and sometimes on the frontal; it is un¬ 
equally developed and almost always triangular on our fossils. The lyrule is very 
small; it is more or less visible according to the development of the lateral lips 
of the peristomice. 


,, . 7ia = 0.08-0. 10 mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura 7 - 

r £a = 0. 08-0. 10 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0. 36-0. 50 mm. 
Iz = 0. 20-0. 30 mm. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (common). 
Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina 
(rare). Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County (common), 
and Monroe County, Florida (common). Pleistocene: Vero (rare), Simmons Bluff, 
Yonges Island, Charleston County, South Carolina (common), and Daytona, 
Florida (rare.) 

Geological distribution .—Miocene of Australia (Waters); Quaternary of Sicily 
(Neviani). 

Habitat .—Cosmopolitan to a depth of 160 meters. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68637-68640, U.S.N.M. 


SMITTINA MALEPOSITA, new species. 


Plate 31, figs. 10,11. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a salient thread, little elongate, hexagonal, poorly oriented; the frontal is little 
convex and formed of a granular pleurocyst surrounded by a row of areolar pores 
separated by very short costules. The apertura is semilunar with a very short 
proximal lyrule; the peristomie is of little depth and the peristomice is suborbicular. 
The ovicell is large, globular, finely perforated. On the median line of the frontal 
there is a small thin avicularium the beak of which is directed toward the bottom. 


Measurements .—Apertura 


ha = 0. 10 mm. 
la = 0. 10 mm. 


Zooecia 


[Lz — 0. 40 mm. 
i lz = 0. 32 mm. 


Affinities .—-This species is quite close to Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. 
It is distinguished from it by its somewhat larger peristomice and by the place 
of its avicularium, always placed in the vicinity of the median line of the zooecium. 
The position of this avicularium is everywhere rather variable, but its presence 
is constant. There is therefore a group of Smittina in which the avicularium is 
not directly supported on the lyrule. We do not believe that this character should 
be generic, for it does not appear to correspond to an essential and different function. 

Occurrence .—Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, 
Florida (very rare). Pleistocene or Recent: Vero, Florida (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68641, 68642, U.S.N.M. 


SMITTINA OPHIDIANA Waters, 1877. 


Plate 3, fig. 3. 

1879. Smittina reticulata, var ophidiana Waters, On the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of the Bay of Naples, 
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5,.vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 9, fig. 1. 

1885. Smittina reticulata, var. ophidiana Waters, On the use of the avicularium mandible in the 
determination of Chilostomatous Bryozoa, Journal Royal Microscopical Society, ser. 2, 
vol. 5, pi. 14, fig. 6. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 145 

1889. Smittia ophidiana Waters, Bryozoa from New South Wales, Annals and Magazine of Natural 
History, ser. 6, vol. 4, pi. 3, fig. 19. 

1903. Smittia ensifera Jullien, Bryozoaries provenant des Campagnes de I’Eirondelle (1886-1888), 

Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, fasc 23, p. 102, pi. 12, fig. 4. 

1904. Smittia ophidiana Waters, Resultats Voyage Belgica, Zoologie Bryozoa, p. 66. 

1907. Smittia ophidiana Calvet, Expedition scientifiques du Travailleur et Talisman, Bryozoaires, 
p. 433 (bibliography). 

Affinities. —This species is very close to Smittina marmorea but differs from 
it in the presence of costules and of areolar pores close together (and not scattered 
punctations) and the constant presence of two frontal pores. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (very rare).. 
Geographic distribution. —Mediterranean at Naples; Atlantic at the Azore Isles' 
(80-130 meters). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68643, U.S.N.M. 


SMITTINA GRANDICELLA, new species. 


Plate 37, figs. 10-12. 


Description. —The.zoarium incrusts shells in one or more layers. The zooecia 
are distinct, separated by a furrow, elongate, elliptical, large; the frontal is convex 
and formed of an olocyst surmounted by a pleurocyst. The apertura is semi¬ 
elliptical; the lyrule is short and wide; the peristome is little salient, hardly indented 
in the proximal portion, and bears three distal spines. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


7m = 0.12-0.13 mm. 
Za = 0.13-0.15 mm. 


Zooecia* 


\Lz — 0.55 mm. 

I lz = 0.32-0.40 mm. 


Affinities. —This species much resembles Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838, 
for it often bears a large avicularium on the line of areolar pores; it is distinguished 
from it in its large jooecial dimensions and in the much less regular arrangement of 
the zooecia. The gemmation is identical, but the lines of the nonseptular walls 
are less rigorously rectilinear and often sinuous (fig. 12). The beak of the avicularium 
is round and salient. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68644, U.S.N.M. 


SMITTINA DISCOIDEA, new species. 


Plate 38, figs. 1-7. 

Description. —The zoarium is unilamellar, discoidal, very large; the lower face 
is concentrically wrinkled and the nonseptular walls are visible in the form of 
radial costules somewhat salient. The zooecia are little distinct, elongate, more 
r or less marginate; the frontal is very little convex and formed of an olocyst sur¬ 
mounted by a detachable pleurocyst with large interareolar costules. The apertura 
is semilunar; the lyrule is short and lamellose; the peristome is not salient, and the 
peristomie is excavated in the thickness of the frontal wall. The ovicell is globular, 
salient, deeply embedded in the distal zooecium; it is surrounded by a little salient 
collar. On the line of the areolar pores there is an enormous triangular avicularium 
with pivot or with condyles of which the beak is acuminate, salient, and pointed 
upward. 


146 


/ 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Measurements. —Apertura. 


ha = 0.09 mm. 
la = 0.10-0.12 mm. 


Zooecia 


(Lz = 0.50-0.60 mm. 
} Iz — 0.25 mm. 


Affinities. —This species is of the group of Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838, 
in all its characters; it differs from it in the size, the form, and the direction of its 
avicularium. This avicularium is sometimes interzooecial (fig. 2). We are ignor¬ 
ant of the causes which result in the variations in size, direction, and form of the 
avicularia. These biologic variations are still to be studied. On the ovicelled zooecia 
the large avicularium is often transformed into two smaller ones (fig. 3). In the 
interior (fig. 7) the lyrule is laterally accompanied by two kinds of condyles, 
probably replacing the small cardelles. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (common). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68645, U.S.N.M. 


SMITTINA CALIFORNIENSIS Robertson, 1908. 


Plate 37, figs. 7-9. 


1903. Smittia califomiensis Robertson, The incrusting cheiiostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast 
of North America, University of California Publications Zoology, vol. 4, p. 303, pi. 22, 
%. 71. 


,, , . (ha = 0.12 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 . ,.. 

r la = 0.12 mm. 


Zooecia! 


\Lz = 0.70 mm. 
[ Iz = 0.30 mm. 


Variations. —We do not know all the variations of Miss Robertson’s species; 
we are therefore not exactly certain of our determination. However, our specimens 
bear the principal characters. The peristome is little salient; it frequently bears 
two large lateral lips, leaving between them a false rimule (fig. 7). We have found 
some zooecia bearing a large, lateral avicularium; the latter is replaced by two 
smaller, thin avicularia whose beak is turned toward the bottom (figs. 8, 9,) or 
indeed one toward the top and the other toward the bottom* The interareolar 
costules are thin (fig. 7) or very thick (fig. 8). The interzooecial avicularium bears 
a rectilinear pivot. The zoarium is bdamellar while that in Miss Robertson’s 
species is incrusting. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Habitat. —Pacific, off California. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68646, U.S.N.M. 


SMITTINA(T) BREVIS Cana and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 2, figs. 20, 21. 

1919. Smittinaf brevis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 93, pi. 2, fig. 2. 

Description. —The zoarium is bilamellar with fronds somewhat compressed. 
The zooecia are little distinct, elongate, elliptical; the frontal is convex and very 
short and it bears below a large salient avicularium with rounded beak. The aper¬ 
tura is elliptical and deep. The ovicell is globular, little salient, ornamented by a 
fragile circular area; it opens into the peristomie. 

Affinities. —This species is quite unique and difficult to classify. We have put 
it in Smittina because the ovicell opens into the peristomie formed by the thicken- 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 147 


ing of the frontal walls; but it does not really belong to this genus because it has no 
lyrula nor oral avicularium and because the apertura is not semilunar. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo 
Domingo (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68647, U.S.N.M. 


SMITT1NA PORIFERA Hlncks, 1884. 


Plate 38, fig. 9. 

1884. Porella marsupium forma pori/era Hincks, Report on Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands, 
Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 13, p. 50 (sep. 24), pi. 4, fig. 4. 

1887. Porella marsupium, var. porifera Waters, Tertiary Cheilostomatous Bryozoa fromJNew Zea¬ 
land, Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, vol. 42, p. 63. 

Description. —The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are distinct, swollen, 
separated by a deep furrow, very convex, perforated by some pores widely spaced. 
The frontal is a pleurocyst garnished laterally with six large areolar pores, of which 
the two superior ones are sometimes changed into avicularia. The apertura is deep, 
hidden by the peristomie and by a small, salient, orbicular, oral avicularium. The 
peristome is thin and bears four small spines which are often replaced by a small 
distal orbicular avicularium (rarely two). There is a very small lyrula hidden by 
the frontal avicularium. The ovicell is globular, salient, smooth; it opens above 
the operculum by a very large opening. 


Measurements. —Apertura- 


ha = 0.12 mm. 
Za = 0.12 mm. 


Zooecia- 


Lz = 0.45 mm. 
I lz = 0.28 mm. 


The avicularium chamber forms a frontal gibbosity perforated by four large 
pores. The latter characterize the species, for they do not exist in Porella mar¬ 
supium MacGillivray. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Long Wharf Canyon), California (rare). 
Geological distribution. —Pliocene of New Zealand (Waters). 

Habitat. —Queen Charlotte Islands (Hincks). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68648, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PORELLA Gray, 1848. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 479.) 

PORELLA BELLA Busk, 1860. 

Plate 1, fig. 12. 

1860. Lepralia bella Busk, Zoophytology, Quarterly Journal Microposcopical Science, vol. 8, pi. 27, 
fig. 2, 3. 

1873. Escharella landsborovi Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Seven. Vet. Akad. Hand., vol. 
11, no. 4, p. 60, pi. 10, figs. 201, 202. 

1880. Smittia bella Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 352, pi. 42, figs. 9, 10. 

1919. Porella bella Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publications of the Carnegie Institution, no. 291, p. 93, pt. 1, fig. 15. 

We are not certain that Busk’s species is identical with that of Smitt, as the 

former author represents it, but is evident that the characters of our Antigua fossil, 

although it is poorly preserved, are in harmony with Smitt’s figures. Following 

are the measurements of this fossil. 

[k = 0.16 mm. n . (1-2 = 0.90 mm. 

Apertura) fo _ 0 2Q mm Zooedaj fo _ Q 7Q mm 




148 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Occurrence. —Oligocene (Antigua formation): Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward 
Islands (rare). 

Habitat. —Shetland Islands. Waters off Florida (185 meters). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68649, U.S.N.M. 


PORELLA REVERSA Ulrich and Basslcr, 1904. 


Plate 23, figs. 5-10. 


1904. Lepralia ? reversa Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 426, pi. 113, 
figs. 1, 2. 


The original description is as follows: 

Zoarium forming parasitic patches, several centimeters in diameter and composed of a single 
layer, on shells. Zooecia oblong quadrate or subhexagonal, generally arranged in rather regular longitu¬ 
dinal and diagonally intersecting rows, each about 0.5 mm. in length and 0.3 mm. in width. Orifice 
rather large, rounded-quadrate, enclosed by a peristome of moderate thickness and elevation. Peristomes 
divided into two parts, anterior and posterior, the former either straight or slightly arcuate and not so 
prominent as the horseshoe-shaped portion enclosing the sides and proximal margins of the orifice. Distal 
extremities of the latter portion of the peristome often a little thickened and projecting slightly inward. 
Just behind the proximal border of the orifice there is constantly a rather small but prominently elevated 
and thick-walled avicularium, opening obliquely forward. Remainder of front zooecia with from one 
to three rows of large pores. Frequently adjoining zooecia are separated by a thin raised line. Ovicells 
moderately convex, rather large, with a central pore and one or two somewhat radially disposed marginal 
rows of smaller pores. When broken they leave a sharply defined concave space in front of the orifice, 
slightly exceeding the latter in size. 

The division of the peristome into two parts as described is unusual and produces the probably 
false appearance of a reversal of the ends of the operculum that has suggested the specific name. If it 
could be proved that the hinge of the operculum was really on the distal side of the orifice instead of the 
proximal, then this species would be distinct enough to justify the erection of a new genus for its recep¬ 
tion; but until this unusual condition can be demonstrated we think it well to regard it as related to 
such species as Lepralia pallasiana. We know of none resembling it closely enough to require unusual 
care in its discrimination. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


7to = 0.15 mm. 
to = 0.13 mm. 


Zooecia- 


'Lz = 0.45-0.55 mm. 
. to = 0.25-0.30 mm. 


A reexamination of the type specimen shows this species should be classed in 
the genus Porella. It is well characterized by its embedded aperture, by its in¬ 
fraoral avicularium, and by its ovicell perforated like the frontal. Finally the 
interior shows the parietal arrangement habitual in the Smittinidae (fig. 10). 

Occurrence. —Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland (rare). 
Miocene; Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes and Plesiotype. —Cat. Nos. 68650, 68651, U.S.N.M. 


PORELLA COLLIFERA Robertson, 1908. 


Plate 38, figs. 10-15. 

1908. Porella collifera Robertson, The incrusting cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of 
North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, no. 5, p. 304, pi. 23, 
%. 72. 

... (7ta = 0.24 mm. „ . [1,2 = 0.80-1.00 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 - nn Zooecia 7 _ __ . 

1 l to = 0.20 mm. [ to = 0.50-0.60 mm. 

Variations. —The zoarium incrusts pebbles. The peristome is very salient 

especially in the proximal portion. The oral avicularium rests on a wide but little 

salient lyrule; it is often only visible by a suitable inclination of the preparation 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 149 

so that the bottom of the peristome can be seen. The zooecia are sometimes 
bordered by a salient thread (fig. 13). The ovicell is very small (fig. 11). In the 
the interior the olocyst is perforated by very small pores corresponding to the 
large widened pores of the superposed tremocyst. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (rare) and Santa Barbara, California 
(common). 

Habitat.— Pacific: Coronado Islands (24-29 meters). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68652, U.S.N.M. 

Genus PALMICELLARIA Alder, 1864. 

1864. Palmicellaria Alder, Description New British Polyzoa, Quarterly Journal Microscopical 
Society, new ser., vol. 4, p. 100. 

The apertura is orbicular, semicircular, or semielliptical. Neither lyrula nor 
cardelles are present. The ovicell opens in the peristomie. The frontal is a granular 
pleurocyst, surrounded with areolar pores. The peristomie is much developed. 
Often an avicularian mucro partially hides the apertura. 

Genotype.—Palmicellaria elegans Alder, 1864. 

Range.— Miocene to Recent. 

The known species of this genus are: 

Palmicellaria elegans Alder, 1864. 

Palmicellaria ( Millepora) skenei Solander, 1786. 

Palmicellaria ( Eschara ) lorea Alder, 1864. 

Palmicellaria inermis Jullien, 1882. 

Palmicellaria tenuis Calvet, 1907. 

Structure.— The species of this genus are garnished with areolar pores and they 
therefore do not belong to the genus Porella Gray, 1848, as we have limited it. The 
absence of the lyrula and of cardelles distinguishes it from Smittina. 

Historical. —For a long time, on the authority of Waters, the species of this 
genus have been classed in the genus Porella Gray, 1848, because the known man¬ 
dibles are identical. The opercula and mandibles of Palmicellaria skenei Solander, 
1786, are indeed those of Porella. The mandible of P. lorea Alder, 1864, is also that 
of Porella, but the operculum is semielliptical and of quite a divergent type from 
other Porellas. The chitinous appendages of the genotype and of the other species 
are unfortunately unknown. 

All of the species cited having without exception the same characteristic of 
calcification, namely, a granular pleurocyst surrounded by areolar pores, we believe 
that it is necessary to maintain Alder’s genus, although it does not appear to us very 
well marked. 

PALMICELLARIA cf. INERMIS Jullien, 1882. 

Plate 4, fig. 13. 

Our figured specimen is too incomplete to be named with certainty, but we are 
introducing it to call attention to the genus in the early Miocene. This specimen is 
deprived of ovicell and its aperture is invisible. It approaches Palmicellaria inermis 
Jullien, 1882, but it differs from it in its larger micrometric measurements and in its 
apertura, which does not appear transverse. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68653, U.S.N.M. 


150 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.' 
PALMICELLARIA COSTULATA, new species. 


Plate 45, figs. 12, 13. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts corals. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a broad furrow, little elongated; the frontal is*very convex, thick, covered by a 
tremocyst with large pores, garnished with broad radiating costules, and ending in a 
very salient avicularium. The apertura is semielliptical, transverse, deeply buried, 
partially hidden by the avicularian mucro. The ovicell is deeply embedded in the 
distal zooecium; it is large, little salient, similarly covered with large radiating 
costules. 


Measurements .—Apertura 


ha = 0. 09 mm. 
la = 0. 13 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.45-0. 50 
Iz = 0. 40 mm. 


mm. 


. Affinities .—In the vicinity of the ancestrula the avicularian mucro is not con¬ 
stant; it is often replaced by small salient orbicular avicularia irregularly arranged 
around the apertura. 

This beautiful species on account of its frontal irregularities is very difficult to 
photograph. Better preserved specimens, moreover, will probably show new char¬ 
acters necessitating its classification in another genus. The species is certainly 
shorter than Lepralia corrugata MacGillivray, 1895, which has some resemblance. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68654, U.S.N.M. 


PALMICELLARIA CONVOLUTA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 


Plate 23, figs. 1-3. 


1904. Palmicellaria convoluta Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 427, 
pi. 16, figs. 2-4. 

The original description of this species is as follows: 


Zoarium erect, forming loose masses 3 cm. or more in diameter, consisting of broad, bifoliate, con¬ 
voluted, anastomosing leaves, 1.0 mm. or more in thickness. Zooecia prominent, distinct, oval, rhom- 
boidal or hexagonal, arranged in irregular quincunx, averaging between 0.9 mm. and 1.0 mm. in length 
and about 0.45 mm. in width; surface rather coarsely punctured; orifice terminal, the proximal edge over¬ 
hung by a prominent mucro containing an avicularium the sagittate opening of which is divided into 
two unequal parte by a septum and lies on the abrupt distal slope of the mucro so as to be nearly or en¬ 
tirely concealed in a front view. When the apex of the mucro is worn or broken away the cavity of the 
avicularium is exposed to view as a cell immediately behind the orifice and almost equaling it in size. 
Ovicells small, transverse, bulbous, closely united to the cell next above. 


Measurements .—Apertura 


ha = 0.15 mm. „ . [is = 0. 85-1. 00 mm. 

Za = 0.20 mm. 00eCla | Zz = 0. 45-0. 50 mm. 

The essential features of this species are noted in the original description. 
Occurrence .—Miocene (Calvert formation): Reeds, Maryland (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68655, U.S.N.M. 


PALMICELLARIA PUNCTATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 23, fig. 4. 

1904. Palmicellaria punctata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 428, 
pi. 116, fig. 1. 

Only the type specimen of this species, a fragment of bifoliate zoarium, is 
known, and our studies upon it must remain incomplete. This specimen shows 





NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


151 


punctate zooecia with a subcircular orifice and a mucro like the preceding, but 
its zooecia are much smaller than Porella ( Palmicellaria ) convoluta Ulrich and 
Bassler, 1904, of the Maryland Miocene, and its mucro is less prominent. The 
ovicells however are relatively larger and longer. 

Measurements .—Apertura Zooecia, irregular. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Calvert formation): Reeds, Maryland (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68656, U.S.N.M. 


Genus RHAMPHOSTOMELLA Lorenz, 1886. 


(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 476.) 

RHAMPHOSTOMELLA LATICELLA Canu and Bassler, 19X9. 

Plate 5, fig. 13. 

1919. Rhamphostomella laticella Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 94, pi. 5, 
fig. 12. 

The figured specimen is the only one found; it is unfortunately incomplete 
and worn and does not permit a detailed description. It incrusts a shell; the 
areolar costules are rare or little visible. The oral avicularium is quite large, 
oblique, the point directed toward the bottom. 

Occurence .—Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68657, U.S.N.M. 


RHAMPHOSTOMELLA GRANULOSA, new species. 


Plate 3, fig. 2. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical; the frontal is very convex, covered with 
a granular pleurocyst and bordered with small areolar pores. The apertura is 
large, elongated, and deformed by a small, elongated, triangular avicularium 
arranged obliquely. The ovicell is globular, very salient, and covered also with a 
granular pleurocyst. 


, k = 0.15mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura 7 _ , 

r to = 0.10 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.55 mm. 
lz = 0.25-0.30 mm. 

Affinities .—The zooecia are very irregular in their micrometric measurements. 
The areolar pores are often hidden by the pleurocyst. 

This species approaches Rhamphostomella hrendolensis Waters, 1891, which is 
often deprived of costules, but differs from it in the presence of the frontal granules. 
Occurence .—Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68658. U.S.N.M. 



152 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Genus CYSTISELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 479.) 

. CYSTISELLA AVICULIFERA, new species. 

Plate 38, fig. 8. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts pebbles or algae. The zooecia are distinct, 
elongate, subelliptical, swollen: the frontal is convex, smooth or bears an avicularian 
chamber rather large and somewhat salient. The apertura is semicircular and 
placed at the base of a deep peristomie; the peristome is thin, salient, and bears 
two or three orbicular avicularia. The ovicell is large, hyperstomial, convex, 
globular, smooth; it opens into the peristomie by a very large opening placed 
above the operculum. 

,, J -p. . , \hve = 0.15-0.18 mm. „ . [Z 2 = 0.65 mm. 

Measurements. —renstomice 7 _ ,. Zooecia , „ 

[lpe = 0.16 mm. I Zz = 0.40 mm. 

Affinities. —Our micrometric measurements are taken on the marginal zooecia; 
at the center of the zoarium they are much smaller, the frontal of the zooecia 
being much reduced there. The ancestrular zooecia appear to be erect as in the 
Celleporidae; this aspect is deceiving and is occasioned by the presence of small 
peristomial avicularia; they are perfectly oriented like the marginal zooecia but 
much smaller. The relative constancy of the peristomice permits us to utilize the 
micrometric measurements. The frontal avicularian chamber is much smaller than 
in the other species of the same genus; but the absence of the areolar pores leaves 
no doubt as to the exactness of our generic determination. The multiplicity of 
avicularia on a given species always reveals whether the water was calm or not 
very agitated. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (rare) and Santa Monica, California 
(rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68659, U.S.N.M. 

Family RETEPORIDAE Smitt, 1867. 

Genus RETEPORA Imperato, 1599. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 500.) 

RETEPORA DOVERENSIS Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 23, figs. 11-17. 

1904. Retepora doveremis Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 422, 
pi. Ill, figs. 5-7; pi. 115, figs. 1-5. 

The original description follows: 

Zoarium reticulate, fenestrae of variable size, averaging 0.8 mm. long and about 0.4 mm. wide. 
Branches varying from 0.2 mm. to 1.0 mm. wide, usually about 0.6 mm.; reverse solid, the surface 
generally smooth, occasionally minutely granulose, divided into irregular angular spaces by fine 
impressed or raised lines that may or may not correspond with the bases of the zooecial walls. Zooecia 
immersed, with oblique imbricating and slightly flaring mouths, and a narrow notch in the elevated 
and angular proximal border. The appearance of the celluliferous surface varies greatly in different 
specimens, the difference being due chiefly to the presence or absence and number of the avicularia 
and ovicells. The latter appear as bulbous inflations with a slit running from the center to one edge. 
When they occur at all it is usually in abundance. Of avicularia there are at least two sets, the larger 
ones occurring on the front of the zooecia, forming its highest part and causing it to appear inflated. 


/ 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 153 

Those of the smaller set occur in the depressed spaces, usually close beside the zooecial orifice, and 
rarely on the reverse of the branches. 

This common species of the Choptank formation apparently belongs to the Retepora-cellulosa group 
of Waters. Though resembling several of the species of the group rather closely we could not decide 
that it was any nearer to one than to another. Still, having found it difficult to make thoroughly 
satisfactory comparisons, we will not be greatly surprised should future study prove R. dovcrensis to 
belong to some previously described species. 

The peristome bears a wide, very irregular, rimule spiramen. The ovicell is 
fissured. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Choptank formation): Dover Bridge and Jones Wharf, 
Maryland (common). 

Cotypes and plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68660, 68661, U.S.N.M. 



E. Schizellozoon F. Triphyllozoon G. Schizotheca H.Lepraliella 


Fig. 27.— Genera of the family Reteporidae Smitt, 1867. 

A. Relepora bcaniana King, 1846, X 25. Recent. (After Hincks, 1880.) B. Phidolopora labiata 
Gabb and Horn, 1865, X 20. Pleistocene of California. C. Rhynchozoon angulatum Levinsen, 
1909, X 55. Recent. (After Levinsen, 1909.) D. Hippellozoon novaezelandiae Waters, 1894, X 25, 
Recent. (After Waters, 1894.) E. Schizellozoon imperati Busk, 1884, X 25. Recent. (After Waters, 
1885.) F. Triphyllozoon moniliferum MacGillivray, 1860, X 85. Recent. (After Waters, 1894.) 
G. Schizotheca fissa Busk, 1858, X 45. Recent. (After Hincks, 1880.) H. Lepraliella contigua Smitt, 
1867. Recent. (After Levinsen, 1916.) 

12 184—23—Bull. 125-11 




/ 


154 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus PHIDOLOPORA Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

1862. Phidolopora Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa of the Secondary and Tertiary Formations 
of North America, Journal Academy National Science Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 138. 

The frontal of the ovicell is not fissured. The aperture is semilunar, with a 
concave proximal border. The peristomice bears a rimule spiramen. The frontal 
is an olocyst. No labial avicularium. 

Genotype.—Retepora labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862. Pleistocene, Recent. 

Affinities. —The apertura is identical with that of the genus Retepora Imperato, 
1859, as Waters has limited it in 1913. The genus Phidolopora Gabb and Horn, 
1862, differs from it in the absence of a fissure on the ovicell, in the replacement of 
the spiramen by a rimule of the peristomice, and in the absence of the labial avicu¬ 
larium. Moreover, the frontal is an olocyst, a character which does not exist 
notably in the group of Sertella Jullien, 1903. The definition of Gabb and Horn 
1862, has no significance; it is even little comprehensible: "It differs from Re¬ 
tepora by the scattered special pores over the surface of the colony.” Retepora 
pacijxca Robertson, 1908, belongs absolutely to the same group and shows the 
generic characteristics clearly. 

PHIDOLOPORA PACIFICA Robertson, 1908. 


Plate 39, figs. 1-7. 

1908. Retepora pacifica Robertson, The incrusting cheilostomatous Brvozoa of the west coast of 
North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, p. 310, pi. 24, figs. 
81-84. 

Measurements— Peristomice: Ipe = 0.14-0.16 mm. 

r , . \Lz = 0.40-0.60 mm. „ , \Lf =1.75 mm. 

Zooecia 7 „ on benestrae _ __ 

l 42 = 0.30 mm. [ If =0:50 mm. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Phidolopora labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862, 
in its larger peristomice always wider than 0.14 mm.; thus the apertures appear 
closer together. The small tongue on the ovicell mentioned by Miss Robertson is 
too fragile to be preserved on the fossils. The zooecia deprived of the large frontal 
avicularium bear some small scattered pores. In tangential section the vibices 
appear clearly. They are therefore formed by a very dense calcification in the 
entire thickness. of the zoarial dorsal. Sometimes the dorsal bears radicular pores. 
In transverse sections the lacunae appear very irregularly arranged. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (rare), and Dead Mans Island, off San 
Pedro (rare), California. 

Habitat. —Coast of California. 

Plesiotypes.— Cat. No. 68662, U. S. N. M. 

PHIDOLOPORA LABIATA Gabb and Horn, 1862. 


Plate 39, figs. 13-17. 

1862. Phidolopora labiata Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa of the Secondary and Tertiary 
formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, ser. 2, 
vol. 5, p. 138, pi. 19, fig. 21. 

Description. —The zoarium is reticulated; the fenestrae are narrow and elon¬ 
gated. The zooecia are distinct, margined by a salient thread, elongate, fusiform; 
the frontal is slightly convex and smooth. The apertura (visible only in the inte- 




/ 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 155 

rior) is transverse, subelliptical; the peristomice bears a rimule spiramen'arranged 
between two salient lips. The ovicell is large, convex, smooth, buried in the distal 
zooecium; its orifice is very large and located in front of the two lips. Many zooecia 
bear a very large avicularium arranged obliquely on the frontal and provided with 
a curved, very salient beak. The zooecia without avicularia bear some small 
scattered pores. 

Measurements. —Peristomice: lpe = 0.10 mm. 

„ . \Lz = 0.46-0.60 mm. „ , fZ/=2.00mm. 

t Iz = 0.20—0.30 mm. [ lf= 0.3D-0.75 mm. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Phidolopora pacifica Robertson, 1908, in 
the smaller dimensions of its peristomice, which measure more than 0.10 mm. The 
general aspect is therefore that of bearing apertures much more scattered and in 
having a peristomice much smaller than the zooecial width. 

The micrometric variations are extraordinary. On the same zoarium one may 
find zooecia 0.50 mm. by 0.20 mm. with zooecia 0.46 by 0.26-0.30 mm. Frequently 
the peristomice of the ovicelled zooecia is somewhat wider than that of the other 
zooecia. The vibices are also very irregular; thav are salient, but disappear easily 
in fossilization. 

Occurrence— Pleistocene: Dead Mans Island off San Pedro (rare), Santa Monica 
(common), and Santa Barbara, California (very common). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68663, U.S.N.M. 


Genus RHYNCHOZOON Hincks, 1891. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 506.) 

RHYNCHOZOON VAUGHANI Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

) 

Plate 2, fig. 22; plate 4, figs. 1, 2. 


1919. Rhynchozoon vaughani Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 94, pi. 2, fig. 
23; pi. 4, figs. 1, 2. 


Description. —The zoarium is unilamellar. The zooecia are large, distinct, 
hexagonal or claviform; the frontal is smooth, convex, surrounded by a line of 
small scattered areolar pores. The apertura is large, suborbicular, with a wide 
proximal rimule; the peristomie is deep and widened; the very irregular peristome 
bears some large tubercles; the false rimule is compressed between two large 
tuberosities, one of which bears an oral avicularium transversely arranged. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha = ? 

la = 0.20 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.60 mm. 
I lz = 0.50 mm. 


Affinities. —This species differs from Rhynchozoon solidum Osburn, 1914, which 
it much resembles, in its much larger micrometric measurements and in the absence 
of the small frontal avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Do¬ 


mingo (very rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68664, U.S.N.M. 



156 


BULLETIN' 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

RHYNCHOZOON CURTUM, new species. 

Plate 4, fig. 14. 


Description. —The zoarium is unilamellar. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, elongated, very short, much narrowed behind; the frontal is very 
small, somewhat convex, surrounded with aereolar pores; it bears a small elliptical 
transverse avicularium. The apertura, hidden at the bottom of the peristomie, is 
little visible; it bears a wide rounded rimule. The peristome is salient, wide, formed 
of tuberosities smooth or perforated; it is notched in its proximal part by a triangular 


pseudorimule placed in the median axis of the zooecium. The ovicell is small, short, 
deeply buried, recumbent convex and transverse. 




Affinities —This species differs from Rhynchozoon verruculatum Smitt, 1872, in 
its very short zooecia, in its elliptical and always acuminate avicularium, the length 
of which never surpasses 0.12 mm. In its general aspect the peristome appears to 
occupy half of the zooecium, which thus reduces considerably the length of the frontal 
and which gives such a short appearance. 


Occurrence. —Miocene (Bowden horizon): Sanfo Domingo. 
Holotype. —Cat. No. 68665, U.S.N.M. 


RHYNCHOZOON GRANDICELLA, new species. 

Plate 47, figs. 7, 8. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, large , elongated, elliptical. The frontal is a costulated pleurocyst 
surrounded by small areolar pores; it is covered by an avicularian chamber forming a 
truncated tongue above the apertura. The apertura is very oblique, transverse, 
with a wide proximal rimule. The peristomice is very oblique and bears an eccentric 
pseudorimule to the right or left of the avicularian mucro. The ovicell is small, 
globular, opening into the peristomie by a wide orifice. The ancestrular zooecia are 
smaller than the ordinary ones. 


ha =0.15 mm. 
la =0.20 mm. 



Meas urements. —Apertura 


Variations. —The apertura is visible only when the specimen is much inclined. 
The interareolar costules are little salient; on the zoarial margin they are visible only 
under special illumination. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Rhynchozoon longirostris Hincks, 1881, 
also provided with large zooecia, in its dimensions greater than 0.70 mm. and in the 
absence of a frontal avicularium. It differs from Rhynchozoon corrugatum Thornely, 
1905, also deprived of frontal avicularia in its much larger dimensions, in its inter- 
areolar costules, and in its ovicell wanting the two areas. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68666, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


157 


RHYNCHOZOON(?) LEVIGATUM, new species. 

Plate 45, fig. 11. 

Description. —-The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia hre distinct, elongate, 
ovoid, separated by a furrow; the frontal is very convex, smooth or very finely gran¬ 
ular. The apertura is oval; the peristomice bears interiorly an excentric pseudo- 
lyrula; the peristome is thick and salient. The ovicell is globular, salient, attached 
to the peristome; its orifice is large, placed in the peristomie, and can not be closed 
by the operculum. 

Measurements. —Apertura { mm ' Zooecia \ A 2 yA'A mm ‘ 

(w=0.10 mm. [lz =0.25 mm. 

Affinities. —The excentric spinule in the peristome characterizes this species. It 
differs from Schizoporella argentea Hincks, 1882, in the absence of a large oral avic- 
ularium. The species differs from Mucronella contorta Busk, 1882, in its nonperfo- 
rated frontal. It differs from Rhynchozoon tuberculatum Osburn, 1914, in the 
absence of scattered tuberosities on the frontal. 

Occurrence. —-Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (very rare). 

Eolotype .— Cat. No. 68667, U.S.N.M. 


1872. 


1879. 


RHYNCHOZOON VERRUCULATUM Smitt, 1872. 

Plate 3, figs. 11-13. 

Escharella verruculata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens 
Handlingar, no. 4, p. 50, pi. 8, figs. 170-172. 

Cellepora verruculata Waters, On the Bryozoa of the Bay of Naples, Annals and Magazine 
of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 3, p. 193, pi. 14, figs. 1-7. 

1884. Escharoides verruculata Busk, Report on Polyzoa collected by the Challenger, vol. 10, pt. 30 

p. 150. 

1885. Cellepora verruculata Waters, On the use of the avicularian mandible, with additional list of 

the Naples fauna, Journal Royal Microscopical Society, ser. 2, vol. 5, pi. 14, fig. 37. 

1902. Cellepora verruculata Calvet, Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette, Travaux de l’lnstitut 
de Zoologie de L’Universite de Montpellier, mem. 11, p. 66, pi. 2, figs. 6-9. 

1902. Cellepora verruculata Calvet, Bryozoaires marins des c6tes de Corse, Travaux de l’lnstitut 
de Zoologie de L’Universite de Montpellier, mem. 12, p. 37. 

1914. Cellepora verruculatum Osburn, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Publication Carnegie Insti¬ 
tution of Washington, no. 192, p. 214. 

,, . , , f ha='1 rj [Lz =0.45-0.50 mm. 

r I la =0.12 mm. [lz =0.3.0 mm. 

Variations. —-The marginal zooecia are well oriented; the central zooecia are not, 
which has caused the species to be classified incorrectly in Cellepora. The frontal 
avicularium is transverse, much elongated, with triangular mandible. The peristome 
is lobed or crowned by from three to six tubercles. One of the two lips of the pseudo- 
rimule of the peristomice often bears a small avicularium. The irregularity of this 
species defies all description; the absence of limits between the zooecia appears to be 
the cause. 

We are not entirely certain that the Mediterranean species is that of Smitt; the 
measurements taken from Calvet’s figures appear larger. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). Pliocene (Ca- 
loosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida (rare). Pleistocene: Sim¬ 
mons Point, Yonges Island, South Carolina (very rare). 

Habitat. —Mediterranean at Naples, Cette, Corse. Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico 
and Tortugas Islands (24 meters). Indian Ocean: Heard Island (121 meters). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68668, U.S.N.M. 



158 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Family ADEONIDAE Jullien, 1903. 

Genus ADEONA (Lamouroux, 1816) Levinsen, 1909. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 560). 

ADEONA POROSA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 6, figs. 22, 23. 

1919. Adeona porosa Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 94, pi. 6, figs. 22, 23. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, bilamellar. The zooecia are little distinct, 
very elongate, separated by a hardly visible, salient thread; the frontal is porous, 
little convex, surrounded by areolar, parietal pores of which one is larger than 
the others. The ascopore is large, orbicular, median. The apertura and peristomice 
are semilunar with the proximal border somewhat concave. The gonoecia have 
two very large symmetrical, areolar pores and irregular, oral gibbosities. The 
avicularian zooecia have their opesia arranged on the lower part of a pyriform area, 
calcified and deep. 

J . |k = 0.12 mm. „ . f7.2 = 0.60 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura \, . ,. Zooecia ( , . 

r (la-0.12mm. t (2=0.30 mm. 

Affinities. —As we possess only the figured fragment the study of this species 

is necessarily incomplete. The species is very peculiar, for there is no other one 

provided with a porous frontal and oral gibbosities at the gonoecia. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo 

Domingo (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68669, U.S.N.M. 

ADEONA HECKELI Reuss, 1847. 

Plate 24, figs. 1, 2. 

1845. Cellepora umbilicata Lonsdale, Report Corals Tertiary formation North America, Quarterly 
Journal Geological Society, London, vol. 1, p. 507. 

1847. Cellepora heckeli Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger’s 
naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 2, p. 85, pi. 10, fig. 10. 

1849. Lepralia violacea Johnston, A History of the British Zoophytes, p. 325, pi. 57, fig. 9. 

1862. Multiporina umbilicata Gabb and Horn, Monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary 
and Tertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila¬ 
delphia. ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 145, pi. 20, fig. 27. 

1880. Microporella violacea Hincks, History of the British Marine Polyzoa, p. 216, pi. 30, figs. 1-4. 
1889. Microporella heckeli Jelly, A synonymic catalogue of the recent marine Bryozoa, p. 184 
(general synonymy). 

1895. Microporella ( Hcckelia) violacea Nevlani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina, Prfleontographia 
italica, vol. 1, p. 106, (30), pi. 5, (1), figs. 27-29. 

1900. Microporella heckeli Calvet, Contribution a l’Histoire naturelle des Bryozoaires ectoprocts 

marins, Travaux de l’lnstitut de Zoologie de l’Universite de Montpellier, mem. 8, pi. 7, 
fig. 1; pi. 8, fig. 15. 

1901. Microporella ( Heckelia) violacea Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie, Paleontographia 

Italica, vol. 6, p. 177 (63), (local bibliography). 

1902. Microporella heckeli Calvet, Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette, Travaux de l’lnstitut de 

Zoologie de l’Universite de Montpellier, vol. 2, mem. 11. p. 39. 

1902. Microporella heckeli Calvet, Bryozoaires des cotes de Corse, Travaux de l’Tnstitut de Zoologie 
de l’Universite de Montpellier, vol 2, mem. 12, p. 20. 

1904. Adeonellopsis umbilicata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 417, 
pi. 113, figs. 4, 5; pi. 114, fig. 5. 


/ 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 159 

1905. Microporella ( Heckelia) violacea Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare (Calabrie), Bolletino 
della Societa geologica italiana, vol. 23, p. 525. 

1907. Microprella heckeli Cai.vet, Expedition scientifique du Travailleur et du Talisman, vol. 8, p. 
404 (bibliography). 

1909. Adeona violacea Levinsen, Morphological and systematic studies on the cheilostomatous 
Bryozoa, p. 83, pi. 14, fig. 1. 

1909. Reptadeonella violacea Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands, Journal 
Linnean Society of London, vol. 30, p. 296. 

1914. Adeona violacea Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publication No. 182, 

Carnegie Institution of Washington, p. 199. 

1915. Microporella heckeli Barroso, Contribution al conociementa de los Briozoos marinos de 

l’Espana.Boletin de la real sociedad espanola de Historia naturale, p. 415. 

1917. Adeona heckeli Barroso, Notas sobre Briozoos, Boletin de la real sociedad espanola de His¬ 
toria naturale, p. 498. 

1919. Adeona heckeli Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 
Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 1, p. 95. 

This species is better known to zoologists under the name of Microporella viola¬ 
cea Johnston, 1849. In 1874 Reuss abandoned his right of priority because of his 
mediocre figure of 1847. Jelly, 1889, did not recognize his withdrawal of the-name 
and authors have employed one or the other name according to their personal 
preference. On account of the size and position of the large frontal avicularium 
there has been created a variety, plagiopora Busk, 1859. Osburn, 1914, has shown 
that on the same specimen this avicularium may be straight or oblique and that 
it does not necessitate the establishment of a special variety. 

The American fossil specimens are very rare; they belong to the normal form 
with straight avicularium, long since described by Gabb and Horn under the name 
of Multiporina umbilicata. Of this species we have found only a single specimen 
in the Bowden marl which is moderately well preserved. In the Duplin marl of the 
Upper Miocene, however, it is more common but not so abundant as in the 
European Miocene and Pliocene. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). Lower 
Pliocene (Caloosahatehee formation): Shell Creek, De Sota County, Florida (com¬ 
mon). Upper Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina; Natural well, 
2 miles southwest of Magnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina; 3 miles southwest 
of Petersburg, and near Powcan, King and Queen County, Virginia (common). 

• Geological distribution. —Stampian of Germany (Reuss); Aquitanian of Gironde 
(Duvergier); Miocene of Australia (Waters) ; Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza), of 
Touraine (Canu); Tortonian of Austria-Hungary (Reuss), of Italy (Seguenza, 
Neviana), of England (Busk); Sicilian of Rhodes (Manzoni, Pergens), of Italy 
(Seguenza, Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani). 

Habitat. —Mediterranean: Adriatic (32-89 meters), Naples (54 meters), Algeria, 
Cette (40-97 meters), Bonifacio (89-92 meters), Balearic Islands, shores of Spain. 
Atlantic: England, English Channel, Gulf of Gascony, Bay of Cadex (60-97 meters), 
Cape Verde Islands (118-180 meters), Madeira, Florida (56-97 meters), Tortugas 
(8-29 meters), Bermuda. Indian Ocean: Burmah. Pacific: Australia, China 
Sea and Cape Tizard (43 meters). 

This species does not extend beyond the fifty-second parallel in Europe and the 
twenty-second in America. It is never abundant in any locality. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68670—68673, U.S.N.M. 


/ 


160 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


' Genus BRACEBRIDGIA MacGillivray, 1886. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 557.) 

BRACEBRIDGIA DEFORMIS Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 8, figs. 11-16. 

1919. Bracebridgia deformis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 97, pi. 3, fig. 
11-16. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, bilamellar, compressed, bifurcated. The 
zooecia are distinct, elongate, separated by a deep furrow, claviform or elliptical; 
the peristomice is oval or elliptical; an oblique avicularium is buried in the peri- 
stomie; the apertura (visible only from the interior) is semilunar; the frontal is 
surrounded by areolar, parietal pores and on the zooecia it bears a large pore which 
does not perforate the wall. 

\hpie = 0.15 mm. „ • (£2 = 0.45-0.60 mm. 

^17 * a io Z^ooecia| -> a oc a oa 

[lpte = 0.l2 mm. ( 12 = 0.25-0.30 mm. 

Affinities. —This species has the exterior aspect of an Adeonellopsis. The 
large frontal pore, however, is not a perforated area; it is invisible in the interior and 
its nature is unknown. The few specimens which we have studied were, it is true, 
rather poorly preserved. The peristomial avicularium is rarely visible at the 
exterior; it is on the contrary quite constant in the interior. This interior is that of 
Bracebridgia; it is therefore, indeed, in this genus that it must be classified, but it is a 
deformed Bracebridgia. The presence of a large frontal pore clearly characterizes 
this species and clearly differentiates it from the other known species of the same 
genus. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68674, U.S.N.M. 


Measurements .-—Peristomice 


Genus LAMINOPORA Michelin, 1842. 


1842. Laminopora Michelin, Iconographie zoophytoolgique. 

The apertura is very elongate; the anter is semielliptical; the poster bears a 
long, rounded rimule, two small cardelles separate the two latter parts; the oper¬ 
culum bears laterally two lateral denticles articulating on the cardelles. The 
frontal is a tremocyst with pores not starred. The gonoecia have no special form. 
Thirteen to fifteen tentacles. 

Genotype.—Laminopora contorta Michelin, 1842. 

Range. —Miocene-Recent. 

Gemellipora arbuscula Calvet, 1907, belongs to this genus. 


LAMINOPORA MIOCENICA, new species. 

Plate 47, fig. 5. 

Description. —The zoarium is bilamellar. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, elongated, oval, much narrowed behind, surrounded by a row of 
parietal dietellae; the frontal is convex, perforated by large pores; it bears a small 
elongated avicularium variable in form and in position. The apertura is long and 
narrow; the rimule is long and spear shaped. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


161 


m . . /m = 0.15 mm. 

Measurements .—Aperture , 

r la = 0.( 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.65 mm. 


.06 mm. { lz = 0.40-0.45 mm. 

Affinities .—The present new species differs from Laminopora contorta Michel in, 
1842, in the position of its avicularium below the aperture. It differs from Lami¬ 
nopora arbuscula Calvet, 1907, in the greater length of its apertura (0.15 and not 
0.11 mm.), in its bilamellar zoarium and in its apertura not occupying two-fifths of 
the zooecial length. 

The avicularium is very irregular, sometimes straight with the beak directed 
above, sometimes transverse, triangular, or elliptical. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo (very rare). 

. Holotype. —Cat. No. 68675, U.S.N.M. 



Fig. 28.—Genus Laminopora Michelin, 1842. 

A-F. Laminopora contorta Michelin, 1842. A. Sketch of aperture, X 85, showing elongated sinus. 
B. Zooecia, X 25. C. Mandible, X 85. E. Lateral view of a zoarium showing large vicarious vibracula. 
F. Zoarium, natural size, illustrating branching at right angles after forming very short branches only. 
(A-F, after Waters, 1919.) 

G-J. Laminopora arbuscula Calvet, 1902. G. Zooecia, X 45. H. Operculum, X 90, viewed on 
the outer side. I. Operculum, X 90, viewed on the inner side. J. Zoarium, natural size. (G-J, 
after Calvet, 1907.) 


Genus ADEONELLOPSIS MacGillivray, 1886. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 563.) 

ADEONELLOPSIS COCCINELLA, new species. 

Plate 24, figs. 5-8. 

Description .—The zoarium is bilamellar with small irregular fronds. The 
zooecia are distinct, little elongate, elliptical, little convex; the frontal is perforated 
by four to seven stellate pores. The apertura is terminal, semilunar, with a slightly 


162 


BULLETIN' 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


concave proximal border; the peristome is thin, little salient, notched, and bears a 
small very inconstant supraoral avicularium. On each side of the apertura there 
are two small straight avicularia, without pivot, the point above. 


Measurements.— Apertura 


ha = 0.06 mm. 
fa. = 0.04 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.40 mm. 
Iz = 0.20 mm. 


Affinities. —This species is quite close to Escharipora stellata Smitt, 1872, a 
recent species off the coast of Florida, in the ensemble of its characters. It differs 
from it in the vertical direction of the oral avicularia, in the less low position of the 
latter, and in the much smaller number of frontal perforations. Escharipora 
stellata MacGillivray, a recent species from Australia, is not the species of Smitt, 1872, 
but it is undoubtedly of the same genus. 

We are absolutely ignorant of the hydrostatic system of this group called 
Escharipora by Smitt, 1872. MacGillivray believed that it belonged to the Adeo- 
nidae. Levinsen considered the stellate pores as ascopores. It has seemed to us 
that one of our specimens had a gonoecium with transverse apertura, but it is 
necessary to await more detailed zoological study in order to classify this group of 
species. 

Occurrence.—Lower Miocene (Chipola marl): Chipola River, Calhoun County, 
Florida (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68676, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ANARTHROPORA Smitt, 1867. 


(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 430.) 

Levinsen classified this genus doubtfully in the Escharellidae, where we also 
placed it in our monograph on the North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. The 
absence of the ovieell, the nature of the frontal, and the analogy with certain species 
of Adeonellopsis indicate that the genus is better placed in the Adeonidae. 


Family HIPPOPODINIDAE Levinsen, 1909. 

Genus METRARABDOTOS Canu, 1914. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 533.) 

METRARABDOTOS COLLIGATUM Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 4, figs. 3-12. 

1919. Metrarabdotos colligation Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 95, pi. 4, 
figs. 3-12. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, bilamellar, attached to algae by a small, 
expanded base and bent upward like a crank; the fronds are large, bifurcated, but 
narrow. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a salient thread, long and narrow; 
the frontal is smooth, convex, surrounded by a line of large areolar pores often 
separated by short costules. The apertura is suborbicular; the peristomice is oval 
with a proximal pseudorimule. There are sometimes two quite inconstant, small, 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


163 


oral avicularia. The ovicell is endozooecial, enormous, borne by a considerably 
enlarged zooecium; its frontal is garnished with radiating and granulated costules. 

= 0.14 mm. 

= 0.12 mm. 


Measurements. —Young zooecia: Aperturaj^ 


Zooecia 


( 1,2 = 0.60 mm. 

[Iz =0.28-0.30 mm. 


Old zooecia: Apertura 


ha = 0.24 mm. 
la =0.16 mm. 


Zooecia 


[7,2 = 0.70 mm. 

\lz =0.24-0.30 mm. 

Affinities. —The genus Metrarabdotos contains more species in America than in 
Europe. The present species differs from Metrarabdotos moniliferum Milne-Edwards, 




A. Hippopodina 


D. Metrarabdotos E AVatersipora 




F. Hippaliosina G.Tremogasterina 


Fig. 29.—Genera of the Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909. 

A. Hippopodina Levinson, 1909; H. feegeensis Busk, 1884, X 35. B. Cheilopora Levinsen, 1909; 
C. sincera Smitt, 1867, X 20, C. Cheiloporina , new genus; C. haddoni Harmer, 1902, X 44. D. Met¬ 
rarabdotos Canu, 1914; M. moniliferum Milne-Edwards, X 25. E. Watersipora Neviani, 1895; W. cucul- 
lata Busk, 1853, X 35. F. Hippaliosina Canu; H. rostrigera Smitt, 1872, X 20, G. Tremogasterina 
Canu 1911; T. horrida, new species, X 20. 


1836, common in the French Miocene, in its granulated costules on the ovicell, in 
the absence of a pseudolyrule at the peristomice, and in the absence of oral avic¬ 
ularia. It differs from Metrarabdotos grandis of the Vicksburgian, which also forms 
large fronds, in its greater zooecial width and in much less deep intercostular spaces 












164 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

of the ovicell. The species is quite variable and we have figured the principal 
variations. 

Occurrence .—Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao and Rio Cana 
Santo Domingo (common). 

Cotype. —Cat. No. 68677, U.S.N.M. 


METRARABDOTOS LACRYMOSUM Canu and Bassler, 1919. 

Plate 8, figs. 1-10. 

1919. Metrarabdotos lacrymosum Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 96, pi. 3, 
figs. 1-10. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, bilamellar, bifurcated, narrow, with rectan¬ 
gular fronds, and fastened by a little expanded base. The zooecia are distinct, 
little elongate, rectangular, surrounded by large areolar pores more or less separated 
by the costules. The apertura is oblique, semielliptical, divided in front by a 
rounded and perforated sinus. The ovicelled zooecia are quite wide; the ovicell 
is endozooecial; it is little salient, finely punctate, and ornamented with inter- 
areolar costules. On each side of the apertura there are two large, triangular, 
salient avicularia with their point directed upward. 

lr J . |k = 0.18mm. „ . \Lz = 0.70-0.74 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 ,, , . Zooecia , oc n „ 

r l la = 0.14 mm. \lz =0.28-0.30 mm. 

Affinities. —The characteristics of this species are the two large, oral avicularia 
which hang from each side of the apertura like two large tears. They are very 
irregular. 

This species differs from Metrarabdotos coUigatum from the same geological 
horizon, in its little expanded and nonprehensile base, in its nonclaviform fronds, 
and in the presence of large, oral avicularia. 11 differs from Metrarabdotos moniliferum 
Milne-Edwards, 1838, in its much less costulated ovicell and in the absence of a 
spine in the oral sinus. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (common). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68678, U.S.N.M. 

METRARABDOTOS Al'RICULATl'M, new species. 


Plate 31, figs. 1-9. 


Description .—The zoarium is bilamellar and formed of large, long, narrow, 
bifurcated fronds. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a salient thread, clavi- 
form; the frontal is narrow, little concave, surrounded by numerous areolar pores, 
separated by salient costules. The peristomice bears a rather deep proximal sinus 
at the base of which there are two lateral condyles limiting the orifice of the com- 
pensatrix; the apertura, buried at the base of the peristomice, is elliptical, a little 
elongated; the peristome bears two lateral avicularia. The ovicell is endozooecial, 
quite large; its superior wall is convex and costulate; its apertura is large and 
transverse. 


,, , . fta = 0.18 mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura 7 _ , _ 

r [la = 0.16 mm. 


Zooecia 


\Lz = 0.70-0.90 mm. 
. Iz = 0.40 mm. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 165 

Affinities. —This species differs from Metrarabdotos coUigatum and from Metrarab- 
dotos lacrymosum in its much larger zoaria and in its larger zooecial dimensions 
(Lz >0.70 mm.). It differs from Metrarabdotos moniliferum Milne-Edwards, 1838, 
in the absence of a pseudolyrule in the peristomice. 

The two large oral avicularia occur like two lateral ears; they are rather 
constant but often are diminished and partially buried by the activity of the cal¬ 
cification. In some rare cases they are replaced by a single supraoral avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (common). Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto 
County (very common), and Monroe County, Florida (very common). 

Cotypes.— Cat. Nos. 68679, 68680, U.S.N.M. 

Genus HIPPALIOSINA Canu, 1918. 

1918. Hippaliosina Cantj, Hippaliosina, un nouveau genre de Bryozoaires, Bulletin de la Soci6te 
geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 18, p. 88. 

The ovicell is endozooecial. The apertura is elongate, elliptical, divided into 
two parts by two triangular cardelles; the poster is smaller than the anter. The 
frontal is a granular pleurocyst surmounting an olocyst perforated laterally by 
areolar pores. There are usually two avicularia on each side of the apertura. 

Genotype.—Hippaliosina ( Escharella ) rostrigera Smitt, 1872. 

Range .—Rupelian-Recent. 

The family Hippopodinidae is perhaps not a natural one, because the larva is 
not known. We classify here all the species in which the-ovicell is endozooecial. 
Nevertheless, the genus Hippaliosina is undoubtedly very close to* Hippopodina 
Levinsen, 1909, and Cheilopora Levinsen, 1909, which are characteristic of the 
family. It differs solely in the function of calcification; the tremocyst is replaced 
by a granular pleurocyst, accompanied by lateral areolar pores. Metrarabdotos 
Canu, 1914, presents also lateral areolar pores and a pleurocyst, but the hydro¬ 
static function operates here through a vanna and not a rimule; moreover, the 
ovicells are totally different. 

In addition to two new recent species from the Philippine Islands, the following 
species belong to this genus: 

Hippaliosina ( Lepralia ) depressa Busk, 1852. Recent. 

Hippaliosina ( Escharella) rostrigera Smitt, 1872. Recent. 

\ Hippaliosina ( Lepralia) clavula Manzoni, 1871. Helvetian. 

Hippaliosina brevirostris Canu, 1918. Recent. 

Hippaliosina ( Hemeschara) sandbergeri Reuss, 1869. Rupelian, Aquitanian. 

Hippaliosina laxipora Canu, 1918. Miocene. 

The genotype Hippaliosina rostrigera has been dredged near the twenty-second 
parallel a slight distance from the Tropic of Cancer, where it appears to have found 
its best conditions for existence. We can infer that the fossil species have lived 
under similar conditions and that their presence indicates likewise the vicinity of 
the Tropic. In this case their geologic distribution would indicate the displacement 
of this line through the ages, and consequently the contraction of the equatorial 


166 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


zone. Employing the known localities we have the following table for the Northern 
Hemisphere: 


Species. Geological distribution. 

H. clavula .Helvetian of Italy...:. 

Pliocene of Rhodes. 

H. sandbergeri . Aquitanian of Gironde.. 

H. rostrigera . Upper Miocene of Virginia. 

Upper Miocene of North Carolina. 

Lower Pliocene of South Carolina. 

Upper Pliocene of Florida. 

Recent of Florida. 


Latitude. 
. 45° 

.. 36° 

,. 44° 

. 37° 

.. 35° 

.. 33° 

. 25° 

,.. 22 ° 


The interpretation of this table indicates in a striking fashion the rapid and 
continuous descent of the Tropic toward the Equator. No species of the genus 
exists in the faluns of Touraine (forty-ninth parallel) situated without the equitorial 
zone. On the contrary, the Helvetian of Italy represented by H. clavula was nearer 



Fig. 30.—Genus Hippaliosina Canu, 1918. 


A-C. Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. A. Ordinary zooecia. B. Group with an ovicelled 
zooecium. (A, B, after Smitt, 1872.) C. Interior of a fossil example, X 20. 

D. Hippaliosina sandbergeri Reuss, 1869. An ovicelled specimen, X 25, from the Aquitanian of 
Leognan, France. 

E-H. Hippaliosina brevirostris Canu, 1918. E. Ovicelled specimen, X 25. F. Operculum of the 
ovicelled zooecia, X 85. G. Operculum of ordinary zooecia, X 85. H. Areolar pores. X 85. (E-H, 

after Waters, 1889.) 


to it. This latter species does not exist in the more southern European Pliocene. 
H. sandbergeri, not being able to emigrate toward the south probably by the obstacle 
of a continental barrier, was exterminated in its place. It is probable that it will 
be discovered in more northern Oligocene deposits. 

For the Southern Hemisphere this phenomenon is less evident because of the 
imperfect geographic conditions. Although the fossil species H. laxipora has been 


















NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


167 


observed along the thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth parallels, the recent species has 
been dredged only nearer the Equator from the thirty-fifth to the tenth parallels. 
The emigration northward toward the Equator appears thus to be a phenomenon 
as real as in the other hemisphere. 

The bryozoa, on account of their method of life and their abundance in the 
marine currents, are generally rather cosmopolitan. It is remarkable that the 
genus Hippaliosina has been so sensitive to external variations, and this is a new 
phenomenon which merits recognition. 

HIPPALIOSINA ROSTRIGERA Smitt, 1872. 


Plate 17, figs. 15-17. 


1872. Escharella rostrigera Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens 
Handlingar, vol 11, p. 57, pi. 10, figs. 203-205. 

1918. Hippaliosina rostrigera Canu, Hippaliosiua, un nouveau genre deBryozoaires, Bulletin de la 
, Societe geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 18, p. 89. 


Measurements (fossil specimens): 

Apertura of ordi-(/i.a = 0.15 mm. „ .. . {Lz = 0.44-0.55 mm. 

nary zooecia(m = 0.10 mm. J [ 12 = 0.30 mm. \ 

Apertura of ovi-[Aa = 0.16 mm. . fL 2 = 0.50mm. 

celled zooecia. I ta = 0.16-0.17 mm. [ 12 = 0.38 mm. 

The ovicelled zooecia have an aperture larger and transverse and, moreover, of 
irregular form. Smitt has noted and has figured an elliptical aperture measuring 
0.36 mm. in width. This variation must be rather rare, for we have only observed 
it on the fossil specimens from the Miocene near Yorktown, Virginia. In 
the Australian species the small ovicelled zooecia appear to be absent. The ovicelled 
zooecia should not be confounded with gonoecia. The latter do not contain a 
polypide, as the ovary alone occupies the interior cavity. The ovicell is little 
salient, little visible, but always apparent on our fossil specimens. The zooecia 
which bear them are larger. 

This species has been dredged south of Florida in the vicinity of the Tropic of 
Cancer. The special location gives a clue to the contraction of the equatorial zone 
since the Oligocene period. 

Geologic distribution. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Suffolk, 
and 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia (common). Miocene (Duplin marl): 
Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina 
(common). Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South 
Carolina (rare). Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Monroe County, Florida (rare). 

Habitat. —South of Florida at a depth of 56 to 59 meters. 

Plesiotypes.— Cat. No. 68681-68683, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TREMOGASTERINA Canu, 1911. 

t 

1911. Tremogasterina Canu, Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de FArgentine, pt. 2, Anales 
del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. 21 (sec. 3, vol. 14), p. 256. 

The ovicell is concealed. The frontal is perforated by a large pore and 
surrounded by a line of areolar pores. The apertura is semielliptical. Avicularia 
between the apertures. 




168 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genotype .— Tremogasterina problematica Canu, 1911. 

Range. —Rocanean, Miocene. 

In 1911 Canu discovered this remarkable and mysterious genus in the Rocanean 
strata of Argentina ; that is to say, at the base of the Eocene. He noted the nature 
of the ovicell in his remarks that it opened in the interior of the zooecium. The 
single described species, Tremogasterina problematica, is insufficiently preserved to 
serve as a genotype, and as the Miocene species here described are much better 
preserved, they will give a clearer idea of the genus. The form of the aperture 
indicates clearly the presence of a compensatrix. Therefore, it is rather probable 
that the enormous frontal pore is an ascopore. 

TREMOGASTERINA HORRIDA, new species.* 


Plate 24, figs. 3, 4. 


Description. —The zoarium is free, bilamellar, with small distorted fronds. 
The zooecia are distinct, very elongate, elliptical, little regular, little convex; the 
frontal is perforated by a large, median orbicular pore, surrounded by a line of 
scattered areolar pores. The apertura is very large, elongate, semielliptical; it 
presents a slight constriction at the lower third, probably at the level of the articu¬ 
lations. The peristome is thick and tuberous. The ovicell is endozooecial, smooth, 
transverse, little salient; the apertura is of the same size as that of the ordinary 
zooecia. Between two apertures, on one or the other zooecium, there is an immense 
triangular avicularium, without pivot with the beak turned toward the top. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


\ha = 0.18-0.20 mm. 
I la = 0.14 mm. 


Zooecia 


X2 = 0.60 mm. 
)z =0.30 mm. 


Opesium of thej hav = 0.14 mm. 
avicularium 1 lav = 0.10 mm. 


Avicularium 


Lav = 0.30-0.40 mm. 
lav = 0.24 mm. 


Affinities. —This species has a disagreeable aspect and its structure is difficult 
to understand. We have only found three small specimens and we have not been 
able to make a good dissection. The ovicell itself was not in condition to be photo¬ 
graphed. If the frontal perforation is an ascopore, the apertura ought not to have 
an operculum moving on a special axis; this is not the case, the proximal border not 
being straight. This perforation corresponds perhaps to a special avicularium. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). 

Holotype. —C^t. No. 68684, U.S.N.M. 


CHEILOPORINA, new genus. 

The ovicell is endozooecial; the apertura of the ovicelled zooecium is very 
large. The frontal is a tremocyst. The apertura bears two cardelles and the 
operculum is narrowed laterally at their level. No separation between the ovicell 
and the zooecium. Twenty-seven tentacles. 

Genotype.—Cheiloporina (Ilippoporina ) circumcincta Neviani, 1896. 

Range. —Jacksonian to Recent. 


6 A second new species Treuiogasterina truncatoros/ris is given on p. 244. 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


169 


Historical. —In our monograph on the Early Tertiary Bryozoa we noted: “The 
genotype is deprived of cardelles. We think that the species having cardelles and a 
different operculum must be introduced into a new genus.” Our manuscript was 
written in 1917. In 1918 Waters 7 stated that the operculum of Cheilopora cir- 
cumcincta Neviani, 1896, is quite different from the operculum of the genotype 
Cheilopora sincera Smitt, 1867, and that these two species can not be maintained in 
the same genus. Under these conditions we are justified in creating the new genus 
Cheiloporina. 



Fio. 31.— Cheiloporina, new genus. 


A-H. Cheiloporina ( Cheilopora) haddoni Hamer, 1902. A. Two zooecia, one ovicelled, showing an 
avicularium (a) and the two kinds of opercula. B. Basal view of zooecium with trifoliate operculum. 
(After Harmer, 1902), op. operculum; t, tentacles; o, ovary; ov, ovisac. C. Zoarium with ovicelled 
zooecia, X 25. (After Jullien, 1903.) D. Ovicelled zooecia, X 12. E. Operculum of ordinary zooe¬ 
cium, X 85. F. Operculum of ovicelled zooecia, X 85. G. Lateral wall showing septulae. H. Distal 
wall with septulae. (D-H, after Waters, 1918.) 


All the species of Cheilopora described in the Monograph of North American 
Early Tertiary Bryozoa belong in reality to Cheiloporina. These are as follows: 
Cheilopora labiosa Ulrich, 1901; Cheilopora orbifera; C. prelucidioides; C. stricto- 
cella; C. grandis; C. transversa; C. transveroides; C. specula; and C. sulcifera Canu 
and Bassler. 


j on some Mediterranean Bryozoa, Annals and Magazine Natural History, ser. 9, vol. 11, p. 97, pi. 12, figs. 6-10. 
12184—23—BuU. 125-12 


























170 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Family TUBUCELLARIIDAE Busk, 1884. 


Genus TUBUCELLARIA D’Orbigny, 1852. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 542.) 

TUBUCELLARIA PUNCTULATA Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Plate 40, figs. 1-4. 

1862. Entalophora punctulata Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary forma¬ 
tions of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, 
p 171, pi. 21, fig. 61. 

, [Peristome, 0-30 mm. ~ . \Lz = 1.20-1.30 mm. 

Measurements. —L, . , . A , _ A AA Zooecia 7 A , A A _ A 

[Penstomice, 0.18-0.20 mm. \lz = 0.40-0.50 mm. 

Affinities. —This species is not entirely articulated; the segments are often 
ramified. The peristome sometimes bears one or two small avicularisr. The frontal 
is a tremocyst with large pores. 

The exterior aspect is rather deceiving and the older American authors classi¬ 
fied the species in Entalophora. The bifurcation of the segments confirmed this 
reference but the longitudinal section proves their error (fig. 4). The ovicell is 
buried in the thickness of the peristomial walls; unfortunately we have not yet had 
the chance to section an ovicelled zoarium. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (very common), Santa Monica (rare), 
and Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro, California (rare). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68686-68688, U.S.N.M. 

TUBUCELLARIA PUNCTULATA, var. MINOR, new variety. 

Plate 40, figs. 5, 6. 


The micrometric measurements are smaller; the tremopores are smaller and 
more scattered. 


Measurements.- 


[Peristome, 0.24 mm. „ ■ jLz= 1.20 mm. 

iPeristomice, 0.14 mm. ooeciaj^ =0.40 mm. 

# The constancy of these small micrometric measurements obliges us to sepa¬ 
rate this variety from the well-known long-ago described species. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (rare) and Santa Monica (Tremochal 
Canon), California (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68689, U.S.N.M. 


Family PHYLACTELLIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

Genus PHYLACTELLA Hincks, 1880. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U.S. National Museum, p. 573.) 

PHYLACTELLA SPINOSISSIMA, var. MAJOR Hincks, 1884. 

Plate 39, figs. 8, 9. 

1884. Mucronella spinosissima, var. major Hincks, Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Annals 
and Magazine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 13, p. 53 (sep. 27); p. 213 (sep. 42). 

Affinities. —In Miss Jelly’s Synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa this species 
is considered a synonym of Mucronella peachi, var. octodentata Hincks, 1880. We 
believe this arrangement is erroneous because here the ovicell is recumbent and placed 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 171 

on the collar of the zooecium (necklike of Hincks), which is characteristic of the 
Phylactellidae. Neither do we believe that it is identical with Mucronella spino- 
sissima Hincks, 1881, from Australia, and Hincks himself has noted some important 
differences. As we have not the material at hand for comparison we are adopting 
Hincks name of 1884, as our fossil is identical with the variety figured by him from 
the Queen Charlotte Islands. 

The trace of numerous spines on the peristomice is quite visible on our fossils. 
We have not observed the tubular system noted by Hincks, but on many of the well- 
preserved zooecia we have observed the transformation of the tremopores into 
divergent tubules rather long and very little salient. There are eight spines on the 
peristome of the ovicelled zooecia. 

This species differs from Phyladella collaris Norman, 1866, figured by Miss 
Robertson in 1908, in its ovicell of less width than the zooecium and smaller in its 
ensemble. t 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Long Wharf Canyon), California 
(rare). 

Habitat. —Pacific: Queen Charlotte Islands. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68690, U.S.N.M. 

Genus LAGENIPORA Hincks, 1877. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 591.) 

LAGENIPORA SPINULOSA Hincks, 1884. 

Plate 40, fig. 7. 

1884. Lagenipora spinulosa Hincks, Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Annals and Magazine 
of Natural History ser. 5, vol. 13, p. 57 (sep. 31), pi. 3, fig. 4; p. 210 (sep. 40), pi. 9, fig. 4. 

1908. Lagenipora spinulosa Robertson, The incrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast 
of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, No. 5, p. 283, 
pi. 18, fig. 37. 

Our figured specimen, much changed by fossilization, gives only a very poor 
idea of the beauty of this fragile species. The other specimens observed are equally 
poorly preserved, but there is no occasion to doubt their identity with this recent 
species. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro, California (rare). 

Habitat. —Pacific: Off California. 

Plesiotype.— Cat. No. 68691, U.S.N.M. 

LAGENIPORA(?) BREVICOLLIS, new species. 

Plate 24, fig. 9. 

Description. —The zoarium incrust Cellepores. The zooecia are distinct, 
separated by a deep furrow, elongated, oriented, elliptical; the frontal is very convex 
and covered with tremopores. The peristome is incomplete, interrupted distally, 
little salient, much enlarged in its proximal portion. The apertura hidden at the 
bottom of the peristome bears cardelles placed very low, and an almost straight 
proximal border. 


172 


♦ 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


>,, , . \ha = 0.10 mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura 7 A 

1 l (a = 0.10 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.50 mm. 

1^2 = 0.30 mm. 

Variations .—There are sometimes on the peristome two very small avicularia 
symmetrically placed. We have not observed the ovicell, but the distal interrup¬ 
tion of the peristome is a sufficient reason for our generic assignment. 

This species differs from Lepralia tenera Reuss, 1867, in the presence of frontal 
tremo pores. 

Occurrence. —Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68692, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MASTIGOPHORA Hincks, 1880. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 586.) 

MASTIGOPHORA PESANSERIS Smltt, 1873. 

Plate 45, fig. 10. 

1873. Hippothoa pesanseris Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens 
Handlingar, vol. 11, No. 4, p. 43, pi. 7, figs. 159, 160. 

1880. Mastigophora dutertrei, var. pesanseris Kirkpatrick, Polyzoa of Mauritius, Annals Magazine 
Natural History, ser. 6, vol. 1, p. 77. 

1899. Schizoporella pesanseris Waters, Bryozoa from Maderia, Journal Royal Microscopical Society, 
p. 11, pi. 3, figs. 7, 8. 

1905. Mastigophora dutertrei, var. pesanseris Thornely, Report on Polyzoa collected by Professor 
Herman at Ceylon in 1892, Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries, Rept. Colonial Government, 
vol. 4, Suppl. Rep. No. 26, p. 117. 

1909. Schizoporella pesanseris Waters, Marine Biology of Sudanese Red Sea, Journal Linnean 
Society London, Vol. 31, p. 169. 

1909. Escharina pesanseris Norman, Polyzoa of Maderia and neighboring islands, Journal Linnean 
Society London, vol. 30, p. 302, pi. 40, fig. 7. 

1909. Escharina pesanseris Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostoma- 
tous Bryozoa, p. 326, pi. 18, fig. 1. 

1914. j Escharina pesanseris Osburn, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publication Carnegie 
Institution of Washngton, No. 182, p. 207. 

The generic position of this species is still doubtful. According to the oper¬ 
culum, Waters classified it in the S. cecili group ( Arthropoma ); according to the form 
and position of the avicularia, Levinsen classified it in Mastigophora ( Escharina ). 
He believed that the ovicell is .endozooecial. If this observation be verified it will 
be necessary to create a new genus for this species. Our specimen is incrusting a 
coral. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). 

Habitat .—Indian Ocean: Mauritius, Nanaar (55 meters), Siam, Gulf of Suez 
(Red Sea). Atlantic Ocean: Madeira (90 meters), Tortugas Islands (12-68 meters). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68693, U.S.N.M. 


MASTIGOPHORA GRANULOSA, new species. 

Plate 3, fig. 4. 

Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a deep furrow, large, elongated, and swollen; the frontal is very convex, orna¬ 
mented with numerous small pores and minute granulations. The aperture is small, 


t 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


173 


somewhat elongated, and bears a wide rimule which is rounded and deep; the 
peristome is wide, very little salient, and bears spines. The two vibracula are 
salient and orbicular, the ovicell is small, convex, smooth. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha =0.15 mm. 
la =0.12 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz =0.60-0.75 mm. 
. lz =0.45-0.55 mm. 


Affinities. —This species differs from Mastigophora pesanseris Smitt, 1872, in 
its larger micrometric measurements, in its frontal granules larger and more appar¬ 
ent, and in its vibracula placed at the level of the rimule. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (very rare). 
Holotype.— Cat. No. 68694, U.S.N.M. 



Fig. 32.—Genus Temachia Jullien, 1882. 

A-C. Temachia opulenta Jullien, 1882. A. An incrusting specimen, X 8.5, from the Gulf of Gas¬ 
cony. B. Ancestrula and ancestrular zooecia, X 29. C. An ovicelled zooecium, X 29. 

Genus TEMACHIA Jullien, 1882. 

1882. Temachia Jullien, Dragages du Travailleur, Bulletin de la Societe de France, vol. 7, p. 510. 

Zooecia suberect, dilated at the base and narrowed like the neck of a bottle 
above; peristome split anteriorly and deprived of spines; ovicell globular with the 
opening corresponding to the incision in the peristome. Zooecia of origin (ances¬ 
trula) with a frontal wall entire and lattice like, with two strong lateral spines at 
the level of the orifice. (Translation, after Jullien.) 

Genotype .— Temachia opulenta Jullien, 1882. Recent. 


Genus CREPIDACANTHA Levinsen, 1909. 

1909. Crepidacantha Levinsen, Morphologic and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bry- 
ozoa, p. 266. 

The zooecia, whose aperture has strong hinge teeth and a compound, well- 
chi tinized operculum, are in the proximal half provided with 9 to 12 very long 
marginal spines and 8 to 11 small uniporous pore chambers (dietellae) alternating 
as a rule with small intermediate chambers, each of which has an uncalcified spot 



174 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(a marginal pore) in its roof. Two frontal vibracula without a crossbar. The 
hyperstomial, almost free ooecia, consist of two calcified layers, of which the 
ectooecium is provided with a number of pores. (Levinsen.) 

Genotype.—Crepidacantha poissoni Savigny-Audouin, 1826. Recent. 



Fig. 33.—Genus Crepidacantha Levinsen, 1909. 

A-F. Crepidacantha poissoni , var. crinispina Levinsen, 1909. A. Two zooecia, X 55. B. A zoo- 
ecium seen from the basal wall. As in figure C, dietellae alternate with intermediate spaces, X 55. 
C. The distal part of a zooecium with ovicell, seen from the basal wall, X 55. D. An ancestrula of 
another variety of the same species, X 175. E. Operculum, X 140. F. The proximal part of the 
flagellum, X 200. (After Levinsen, 1909.) 


Family CELLEPORIDAE Busk, 1852. 

Genus HOLOPORELLA Waters, 1909. 


For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 604. 

HOLOPORELLA ALBIROSTRIS Smitt, 1872. 


Plate 7, figs. 9-14; plate 32, figs. 6-10. 

1872. Discopora albirostris Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akade- 
miens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 70, pi. 12, figs. 233-239. 

1889. Cellepora albirostris Jelly, A synonymic catalogue of the Recent Miocene Bryozoa, p. 45 
(Bibliography). 

1914. Holoporella albirostris Osburn, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Publication 182, Carnegie 
Institution of Washington, p. 215. 

1919. Holoporella albirostris Canit and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 97, pt. 1, 
fig. 19, pi. 7, figs. 9-14. 


Measurements. —Apertura, ha =0.14 mm. 


Zooecia 


Lz =0.40-0.60 mm. 
. la =0.30 mm. 


Avicularium 


'La =0.60 mm. 
la =0.40 mm. 


Variations .—The apertura is semilunar with a concave proximal border; it is 
indeed only constant in the interior (pi. 32, fig. 10). Exteriorly the peristomice is 






NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 175 

quite variable; it presents very frequently an excentric pseudosinus, as in the 
specimens dredged by the Challenger at Heard Island. This is occasioned by the 
very irregular development of a spiniform mucro. The latter is very fragile and 
never exists on our fossils; it is scarcely visible, and then only on the deep zooecia. 
The frontal is smooth and garnished laterally with very small areolar pores (pi. 32, 
fig. 8) which are rather easily obliterated (pi. 32, fig. 7). The'interzooecial avicu- 
larium is spatulate; its distribution on the zoarium is very inconsistent. 

The zoarium is always attached to algae; it creeps above or indeed completely 
around them to form masses of 3 centimeters in diameter. The depth at which 
it is dredged therefore gives no indication of its hydrostatic capacities if it is not 
living; the disappearance of the algae buries the zoarium in the depths where 
it did not live. The ancestrular zooecia are oriented (pi. 32, fig. 10) and the ances- 
trula emits five buds. The tuberosities observed on certain zoaria come from the 
greater development of certain zooecial groups. 

Occurrence. —Oligocene (Emperador limestone): One-third mile north of Em¬ 
pire, Panama Canal Zone (rare). Oligocene (Anguilla formation): Southwest side 
of Crocus Bay, Anguilla, Leeward Islands (rare). Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): 
Bowden, Jamaica (very common). Pliocene (Calooshatchee marl): Shell Creek, 
De Soto County, and Monroe County, Florida (very common). 

Geological distribution. —Miocene of Australia; Pliocene of New Zealand. 

Habitat. —Atlantic: Off Florida (24-56 meters). Indian Ocean: Heard Island 
(121 meters). Pacific: Off Australia (to 13 meters). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68695-68697, U.S.N.M. 

HOLOPORELLA PARVIJLA, new species. 

Plate 24, figs. 10-13. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, subcylindrical, irregularly branched. The 
zooecia are very small, heaped upon each other, irregular, provided with a small 
umbo before the apertura and surrounded by some areolar pores. The apertura is 
very small, semielliptical, transverse, surrounded by one to four small orbicular 
avicularia. 

„, , . . {ha = 0.08 mm. 

MecLSUTCiTiCTits . ApGrturRj^ q 

Affinities. —In its general aspect this species may easily be confounded with 
Holoporella maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, and with Holoporella minuta, new 
species. It differs from both of these in its free and cylindrical zoaria (and not 
attached to shells), and in the presence of the small avicularia which surround the 
apertura. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Cape Fear River, 28 miles northwest of 
Wilmington, North Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68698, U.S.N.M. 

HOLOPORELLA ROSTRIFERA, new species. 

Plate 24, fig. 14. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells and forms small spiny masses. The 
zooecia are indistinct, erect; the frontal is convex, small, surrounded by a double 
row of areolar pores and often with costules directed toward the frontal rostrum 



176 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


placed in front of the apertura, The apertura is somewhat elliptical, elongated; 
the two small cardelles are placed in the lower third. Around the apertura there 
are four very salient rostra (0.30 to 0.40 mm.) terminated by a small, round avi- 
cularium without pivot. The ovicell is small, convex, not closed by the operculum 
and presents a very fragile orbicular frontal area. 

,, . , f^.a = 0. 17 mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura , _ , . 

r [la =0. 14 mm. 

Affinities .—The present species differs from Holoporella subturrita in its rostra, 
which are free and not attached to the distal zooecium; in its frontal, which is not 
covered with tremopores; and in the presence of cardelles. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Yorktown formation): York River, Virginia (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68699, U.S.N.M. 

HOLOPORELLA SUBTURRITA, new species. 


Plate 25, fig. 9. 


Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells, on which it forms small spinose 
masses. The zooecia are distinct, little erect, swollen; the frontal is convex and 
covered with tremopores. The apertura is elliptical, somewhat elongated, without 
cardelles. It is surrounded by four long rostra terminated by avicularia; the two 
distal rostra have their peduncles attached to the distal zooecium. 


,, , . \ha = 0 . 16 mm. „ . Lz = 0.60-0.80 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura , _ ,, Zooecia , 

^ [la = 0. 14 mm , [Iz = 0. 36-0. 40 mm. 

Affinities. —With its long rostra this species much resembles Holoporella turrita, 
Smitt, 1872, from which it differs in the two distal rostra attached to the superior 
zooecium, in its tremopores, and in the absence of small nonpedunculate frontal 
avicularia. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): 28 miles northwest of Wilmington, North 
Carolina (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68700, U.S.N.M. 


HOLOPORELLA HEMISPHERICA, new species. 

Plate 3, figs. 9, 10. 


Description .—The zoarium is free, small, hemispherical, about the size of a pea. 
The zooecia are large, distinct, heaped upon one another; the frontal is quite con¬ 
vex, smooth, surrounded by some large areolar pores. The apertura is semi¬ 
elliptical, transverse with a concave proximal border. 


Measurements. —Apertura' 


ha = 0.17 mm. 
la =0.15 mm. 


Affinities .—As we have collected only a few specimens of this small species, it 
is difficult to study its variations’orjts affinities. It appears very well character¬ 
ized by the simplicity of its structure"and the large areolar pores which surround its 
broad frontal. 

Occurrence .—Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68701, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 177 


HOLOPORELLA MASSALIS Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 25, fig. 7. 

1904. Cellepora massalis Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 428, pi. 
117, fig. 3, 4. 

The original description by Ulrich and Bassler is as follows: 

Zoarium massive, composed of many layers, often nodose, always rough. Zooecia erect, very irreg¬ 
ularly arranged, four or five in 2.0 mm.; orifice circular with a thin raised peristome. Generally the peri¬ 
stome of each zooecium bears upon its inferior side a prominent rostrum containing a large avicularium 
pointing obliquely upward and outward. Surface of zooecia, excepting the peristome, coarsely punctate^ 
Ovicells not observed. 

Measurements. —AperturaFl^ ^ ^ mm ‘ 

1 1 la = 0. 17 mm . 

We have little to add to the description of Ulrich and Bassler and are only 
introducing a new photograph of the type specimen made on the same enlargement 
as the other species of this volume so as to better allow comparison. In the 
type we have observed a case of total regeneration which is very rare in the 
Cellepore bryozoa. This species differs from Holoporella orbijera in the very con¬ 
stant presence of a large frontal avicularium and in its smaller apertura. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): St. Mary’s River, Maryland (rare). 
Miocene (Choptank formation): Greensboro, Maryland (rare). Miocene (Calvert 
formation): Chesapeake Beach and Plum Point, Maryland (rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68702, U.S.N.M. 


HOLOPORELLA ORBIFERA, new species. 

Plate 25, figs. 3-6. 


Description .—The zoarium is free, large, very irregular; it forms most often 
lobate or branched masses 2 centimeters in length. The zooecia are large, little 
distinct, erect; the frontal is smooth and surrounded by areolar pores. The apertura 
is very large, orbicular, without cardelles, with a concave proximal border. The 
oral avicularia are rare and inconstant. The interzooecial avicularia are large 
elliptical, with neither pivot nor denticles. 


Measurements .—Apertura 


ha = 0.20 mm. 
la =0.20-0.25 mm. 


Affinities .—This species is very easily recognized by its large oral dimensions. 
It can be compared only with Holoporella magnijica Osburn, 1914, now living in 
the water off Florida, from which it differs in the absence of the small interzooecial 
avicularia. Osburn unfortunately has not indicated the enlargement of his figure. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare) and 
Harvey’s Mills, Leon County, Florida (rare). Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Wacca- 
maw River, Horry County, South Carolina (common). 

Cotypes.— Cat. Nos. 68703, 68704, U.S.N.M. 


HOLOPORELLA(t) ECHINATA, new species. 


Plate 25, figs. 1, 2. 

Description .—The zoarium is a globuliform mass, more or less gibbose. The 
zooecia are large, salient, convex, smooth. The apertura is subcircular, the prox- 



178 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


imal border being very concave. There are two oral spines and a small oral very- 
inconstant avicularium. On the deep zooecia the apertura only is visible. 


Measurements .—Apertura 


ha = 0.15 mm. 
la =0.15 mm. 


Affinities .—This species differs from Holoporella massalis Ulrich and Bassler, 
1904, in the absence of areolar pores. In the presence of two oral spines it approaches 
Holoporella hicornis, but differs from it in its larger micrometric dimensions and 
in the absence of areolar pores. It is also quite close to Cellepora tuberosa Smitt, 
1872, in the presence of a small oral avicularium and in the nature of the frontal; 
it differs from it in the presence of two spines and in a very different zoarial form. 

Only the figured specimen has been found. More plentiful material will later 
on permit a more exact study. 

The absence of areolar pores may cause our generic determination to be 
doubted; but they are easily obliterated on the fossils. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68705, U.S.N.M. 


HOLOPORELLA BICORNIS, new species. 


Plate 32, figs. 1-4. 

Description .—The zoarium is formed of large shapeless masses attached to 
algae. The zooecia are erect, salient, very convex; the frontal is smooth, surrounc^d 
by some much-scattered areolar pores. The apertura is semilunar with a concave 
proximal border; the peristome is wide and bears two large spines. A small, salient 
avicularium terminates the median umbo. The deep zooecia have only their 
apertura visible. The interzooecial avicularia are rare and elliptical. Sometimes 
there is a vibraculum on the zooecia. 

,, . . f7tu = 0.13 mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura 7 - „ 

[la =0.12-0.15 mm. 

Affinities .—Above many of the apertures a little pore in the form of a lunar 
crescent is visible; it has the aspect of vibraculum; it is placed on the distal zooecium 
or indeed it is interzooecial. Its function is unknown. 

This species resembles Reptocelleporaria similis Tuomey and Holmes, but the 
figure of these authors indicates a greater number of areolar pores. It differs 
from Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872, in the presence of two large oral spines and 
in the massive form of the zoarium. In each zoarium there is always a perforation 
which is the trace of the alga to which the zoarium was attached. This, moreover, 
is the most frequent habitat of the Celleporidae. 

Occurrence .—Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry Countv. 
South Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68706, U.S.N.M. 


HOLOPORELLA UMBONATA, new species. 

Plate 40, figs. 8, 9. 

Description .—The zoarium incrusts shells, bryozoa or algae. The zooecia are 
oriented, distinct, elongate, separated by a deep furrow; the frontal is convex, 
smooth, surrounded by pores and areolar costules; a large umbo terminated bv an 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


179 


avicularium hides the apertura. The apertura is semilunar. The ovicell is globular, 
transverse, smooth; it is widely open in front of the umbo and never closed by the 
operculum. 


Measurements .—Zooecia 


Lz — 0.50-0.60 mm. 
lz =0.25-0.40 mm. 


A ffinities .—The interareolar costules are easily attenuated by fossilization and 
are visible only on the good specimens. The ancestrular zooecia are smaller and 
raised. 

In its exterior aspect this species is close to Cellepora pumicosa Linnaeus, 1768; 
it differs from it in the presence of the interareolar costules and in a different form 
of the apertura. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (rare) and Santa Monica (Temochal 
Canyon), California (very rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68707, U.S.N.M. 


HOLOPORELLA TURRITA Smltt, 1873. 

Plate 46, fig. 1. 

1873. Lepralia turrita Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens 
Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 65. 

1914. Holoporella turrita Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publication 
Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 182, p. 217 (bibliography). 

Our specimen incrusts a coral. The apertura bears two small cardelles, placed 
in the lower third. - , 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (very rare). 
Habitat .—Waters off Florida (14-71 meters). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68708, U.S.N.M. 


HOLOPORELLA AVICULIFERA, new species. 

Plate 46, fig. 2. 

Description .—The zoarium incrusts corals, forming very thick masses. The 
zooecia are somewhat erect, convex, and formed of a tremocyst with scattered, 
spaced pores; the frontal bears some interareolar costules. The apertura is formed 
of a large anter and of a concave poster and arranged at the base of a short peristomie. 
There is a small avicularium in the peristomie. On the frontal some areolar pores 
are transformed into small orbicular avicularia. 

,, , . . (k=0.18 mm. 

Measurements .—Apertura , . 

r [ia = 0.20mm. 

Affinities .—This species presents somewhat the aspect of Discopora pertusa 
Smitt, 1872. It differs from it in the presence of the small disseminated avicularia 
and in the absence of oral mucro. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). 

Holotype.— Cat. No. 68709, U.S.N.M. 

HOLOPORELLA MUCRONATA, new species. 

Plate 46, fig. 7. 

Description .—The zoarium incrusts sponges. The zooecia are little erect, sur¬ 
rounded by a line of large, spaced, areolar pores; the little salient, areolar costules 
meet at an enormous, wide, oral, very salient mucro. Two very small cardelles 
separate the anter from the concave poster. Some areolar pores are transformed 
into small orbicular or triangular avicularia. 


180 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Measurements. —Ap er tur a 


Aa = 0.13 mm. 
Za = 0.15 mm. 


Affinities. —The general aspect recalls a little that of Holoporella janihina 
Smitt, 1872. It differs from it in the presence of areolar pores, much scattered, 
and in the presence of the large oral mucro. The oral mucro does not exist on 
the young zooecia. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (very rare). 
Holotype. —Cat. No. 68710, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SCHISMOPORA MacGillivray, 1888. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 598.) 

SCHISMOPORA BREVINCISA, new species. 

Plate 32, figs. 11-13. 


Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are erect and heaped 
at the center and oriented on the margin; the frontal is formed by a granular pleuro- 
cyst surrounded by some large areolar pores. The apertura is oblique, semicircular, 
with a very short, rounded rimule. The interzooecial avicularium is elongate, 
elliptical; its opesium is very large, and its beak is quite rounded. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha = 0.15 mm. 
la = 0.16 mm. 


Variations. —The adventitions organs are quite irregular. Besides the large 
interzooecial avicularium without pivot, there are still some much smaller avicularia, 
almost orbicular or somewhat elongate and provided with a pivot. The medium 
umbo is always very short when it exists; it limits then an irregular slit which is 
a false rimule. The marginal zooecia are much elongated and sometimes almost 
cyclindrical. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Discopora verruculata Smitt, 1872, in the 
absence of a transverse avicularium on the frontal. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, 
Florida (common). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68711, U.S.N.M. 


SCHISMOPORA ABRUPTA, new species. 

Plate 40, figs. 10, 11. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are indistinct, erect; 
the frontal is smooth and terminated by a mucro very little salient. The apertura 
is semicircular, with a wide rimule short and rounded. The ovicell is deeply 
embedded between the adjacent zooecia; it is transverse, smooth, convex; it is widely 
open in a locella limited by the medium umbo, and it can not be closed by the oper¬ 
culum. There are numerous, small, triangular avicularia with pivot disseminated 
between the apertures. 

. . , [k = 0.15 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 , _ 

1 [la = 0.15 mm. 


Affinities. —The apertura is rarely visible; it is always deeply embedded at the 
base of a sort of locella. The small avicularia are sometimes more developed; 
they elongate, become lanceolate, and lose their pivot. In spite of the lack of 
precision in its exterior characters this species is not very difficult to determine, 
thanks to the very special appearance of its avicularia. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68712, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


181 


SCHISMOPORA LANCEOLATA, new species. 


Plate 40, figs. 12-15. 

Description. —The zoarium formed of small lamellar masses creeps on algae. 
The zooecia are distinct, erect; the frontal is thick, convex, granular, and bears 
rarely some areolar pores; the medium umbo is terminated by a little salient avicu- 
larium. The apertura is semicircular; it bears a triangular sinus, wide and very 
short. The ovicell is wide, transverse, convex, smooth; it opens into the locella 
by a large orifice never closed by the operculum. The incomplete zooecia are 
very salient. The interzooecial avicularia are large, narrow, lanceolate; the pivot 
is formed by two denticles. The deep zooecia have their umbo very salient, but 
their frontal is buried. 


Measurements .—Apertura 


ha = 0.15 mm. 
la = 0.17 mm. 


Affinities. —This species is quite easy to recognize by its lanceolate avicularia 
and its small zoarial lamellae. It differs from Schismopora abrupta in the absence 
of small triangular avicularia. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (rare). 
Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68713, U.S.N.M. 


Genus COSTAZZIA Neviani, 1895. 


For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 603. 

COSTAZZIA ROBERTSONIAE, new species. 

Plate 39, figs. 10-12. 

Description. —The zoarium is formed of small, globular or cylindrical masses 
attached to algae. The zooecia are erect, very salient; the frontal is finely porous. 
The apertura is pyriform; it bears a wide rimule of little depth. On the peristome 
there are two small avicularia. The ovicell is small, much embedded between the 
adjacent zooecia; it bears a small semicircular area, garnished with some large 
pores. The interzooecial avicularium is small, oval, with very wide beak; it is 
traversed by a complete pivot. 

= 0.15 mm. 

= 0.12 mm. 

Affinities. —The frontal is almost always smooth. Its small frontal pores are 
only visible on the perfectly preserved zooecia because they became very easily 
closed by fossilization. This species differs from Costazzia costazzi Audouin, 1828, 
figured by Miss Robertson and still living in the Californian waters, in its much 
smaller ovicell. 

We dedicate this species to Miss Alice Robertson, whose work on the Bryozoa 
of California has been a great addition to the science of bryozoology. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68714, U.S.N.M. 

Genus TEGMINULA Jullien, 1882. 

1882. Tegminula Jullien, Dragages du Travailleur, Bryozoaires, Bulletin Soci6t<§ Zoologique de 
France, vol. 7, p. 510. 

Zooecia urceolate, standing erect irregularly one by the side of another; orifice 
absolutely circular, surmounted by a tubular peristome partly open in front. (Trans¬ 
lation after Jullien.) 

Genotype .— Tegminula venusta Jullien, 1882. Recent. 


Measurements. —Apertura 


ha 

la 





182 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Genus CELLEPORA Linnaeus, 1767. 


We retain the ancient name Cellepora for those species, which at present can not 
be placed more definitely. 

CELLEPORA MINUTA, new species. 

Plate 25, figs. 10-13. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts in thick masses gastropod mollusks; it 
sometimes emits irregular and ramified branches. The zooecia are small, little 
distinct, poorly oriented, little erect; the frontal is little convex, more or less large, 
surrounded by a line of small areolar pores separated by short costules and formed 
of a pleurocyst detachable from the subjacent olocyst. The apertura is small, sub- 
orbicular; two small cardelles, almost median, separate the anter from the somewhat 
smaller poster. The incomplete zooecia are rare. A very salient small avicularium 
is between the apertures. 


ha — 0.08 m m. 


Zooecia 


Lz = 0.35 mm. 
Z 2 = 0.30 mm. 


Measurements. —Apertura 7 

y I Za = 0.07 mm. 

Affinities. —The phenomenon of symbiosis is characteristic of this species. It 
apparently can live only on a gastropod; we have not a single specimen fixed on 
any other substratum. The zoarium envelopes the mollusk and ends by killing it; 
it is rather regular and frequently presents tuberosities formed of raised zooecia. 
We always have trouble in understanding the selective faculty of the larvae; the 
latter can not really choose their substratum of fixation; is it therefore a biochemical 
reaction which permits them to subsist only on the shells of gastropods? 

This species is quite close to Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, in its 
zoarium which affects the same phenomenon of symbiosis, in its small dimensions 
and the absence of deep zooecia. Confusion of the two is very easy, but the present 
species differs in the almost general presence of a single row of areolar pores and 
especially in the very constant occurrence of small interzooecial avicularia, which 
are tubular and very salient. 

A sort of umbo, more or less salient, sometimes partially covers the poster. 
When we know the ovicell it will perhaps be necessary to place this species in a new 
genus. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare). 
Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina 
(rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68715, U.S.N.M. 

CELLEPORA MACULATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 25, figs. 14-20. 


1904. Lepralia maculata Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa Miocene, Maryland Geological Survey, p. 

423, pi. 114, figs, 8, 9; pi. 118, fig. 7. 

Ulrich and Bassler’s original description follows. 

Zoarium beginning as a thin sheet on shells of small gastropoda to which other layers are added until 
masses as much as 2 inches in diameter result. Surface of masses generally exhibiting more or less dis¬ 
tinct, usually elevated, clusters of zooecia slightly larger than those occupying the intermediate spaces. 
Zooecia convex, subovate, not sharply separated nor exhibiting any obvious plan of arrangement; when 
in rows about six occur in 2.0 mm. Orifice not terminal but situated in the anterior half, rounded and 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 183 

expanded above, contracted below the middle, where there is a small denticle on each side, and nearly 
straight or curved slightly outward on the lower side; peristome simple, not elevated. Surface punctate 
excepting over a space just beneath the orifice that is smooth and elevated into a conical or obtuse umbo. 
Avicularia of two kinds and sizes, both sets very irregularly distributed. Those of the smaller set are 
ovate and less than half the size of the zooecial orifice, and situated in one of the comers of a zooecium; 
those of the larger set occupy each the place of a zooecium, have a triangular or acuminate ovate aperture 
considerably larger than the zooecial orifice, and have the pointed end or side strongly elevated. Ovicells 
immersed, somewhat smaller than the zooecia, convex, smooth centrally, punctate marginally, often 
with an eccentric, smooth oval space distinguished from the rest of the surface by an impressed line. 

Further study of the types and other specimens show that the original descrip¬ 
tion is perfectly exact. The aperture measures about 0.12 mm. by 0.08 mm. 
The frontal is garnished with a double row of areolar pores and with a detachable 
pleurocyst. Between the apertures there is sometimes a very small, round, non¬ 
salient avicularium. The large interzooecial avicularium is very characteristic, 
but it is rather rare. 

The zoarium developes into large nodose masses on gastropod shells. Celle¬ 
pora minuta shows the same phenomenon of symbiosis and, although its other 
characters are close, its zooecia are also small and of such a kind that it is very 
difficult to distingush the two species. The present species differs, however, from 
Cellepora minuta in the absence of the small, very salient avicularium arranged 
between the apertures and by the great frequency of the double row of areolar 
pores. Moreover, the zoarium is larger and more spinous than that of Cellepora 
minuta. We have not yet discovered the ovicell. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Calvert formation): Plum Point and other localities in 
Maryland (common). Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia (rare). 
Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklockn.ee River, 25 miles south¬ 
west of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). Miocene (Duplin marl): Harvey’s Mills, 
Leon County, Florida (very rare). Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, 
Duplin County, North Carolina, and Muldrows Mills, 5 miles south of Maysville, 
South Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes and Plesiotype. —Cat. Nos. 68716-68720, U.S.N.M. 

CELLEPORA CRIBROSA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 25, fig. 8. 

1904. Cellepora cribrosa Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 429, pi. 

117, figs. 5, 6. 

The original description by Ulrich and Bassler is as follows: 

Zoarium forming small irregular compressed masses. Zooecia very irregularly disposed, some erect, 
others prostrate, 0.5 mm. to 0.7 mm. long by 0.4 mm. to 0.6 mm. wide; surface strongly punctate; orifice 
rounded, the normal form showing a slight constriction a little below the middle, where a small tooth 
projects into the cavity from each side; peristome thick and more or less elevated, ringlike. Avicu¬ 
laria of moderate size, more or less acuminate ovate, attached to and projecting beyond the plane of 
the inferior side of the peristome; rarely absent. Ovicells few, known only in the broken condition 
in which they appear as deep semicircular excavations in front of the zooecial orifices. 

Only the type specimen of this species ha^ so far been discovered and we are 
unable to add anything to the original description or to place the species more ac¬ 
curately generically, 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Calvert formation): Reeds, Maryland (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68721, U.S.N.M. 


Fig. 34.—Genus Myriozoum Donati, 1750. 

A-G. Myriozoum truncatum Pallas, 1766. A. Portion of a fossil zoarium with ovicelled zooecia. 
(After Manzoni, 1875.) B. Longitudinal section, X 20, showing ovicelled zooecium in upper left 
184 















NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


185 


corner. C. Details of the aperture. (After D’Orbigny, 1852.) D. Portion of a recent zoarium, X 20, 
with several ovicelled zooecia. The operculum closes the aperture. E. Extremity of a zoarium. 
F. Transverse section. (E, F, after Manzoni, 1877.) G. Operculum, X 85. (After Waters, 1878.) 

H-J. Mynozoum coarctatum Sans, 1850. H. Transverse section. (After Smitt, 1868.) I. Oper¬ 
culum, X 85. J. Mandible, X 85. 

K-O. Mynozoum subgracile D’Orbigny, 1852. K. Portion of a zoarium with avicularia, X 25. 
L. Section of tissue, X 25, showing the polypides in position, the covering integument (a=ectocyst) 
over the inner one (6); also the long pore tubes which in various places have a disk separating the con¬ 
tents on the two sides of the disk. The oral diaphragm is seen as withdrawn. M. Section through 
polypide, X 85, showing: dm, the diaphragm; op, the operculum, with dotted lines to show the position 
when partly open; d, disks in the pore tubes. N. Covering integument (a), X 85. 0. End of pore 
tube, X 500, showing the covering integument (a) and the inner one ( b ). It contains some cellules of 
mesenchymatous tissue; P. Operculum X 85; Q. Mandible, X 50. (1-2 after Waters, 1900.) 


Family MYRIOZOIDAE Smitt, 1868. 


The frontal is thick and bears a tremocyst with tubules. Uniporous septulae 
or dietellae are present. The avicularia are adventitious and bear a pivot. The 
ovicell is hyperstomial not adjacent to the zooecium and lodged in a nichelike 
depression of the distal zooecium. 

According to Levinson the genera of this family are as follows: 

Haswellia Busk, 1884 (referred to the Galeopsidae by us). 

Geyhyrophora Busk, 1884 (Galeopsidae). 

Myriozoella Levinsen, 1909. 

Myriozoum Donati, 1750. 




G 


E 




Fig. 35.—Genus Myriozoella Levinsen, 1909. 


A-G. Myriozoella Crustacea Smitt, 1868. A. Zooecia with peristomes and with cancellated frontal 
B. Zooecia showing the ovicell. C. Zooecia without peristome, X 26.5. (A-C, after Smitt, 1868.) 
D. Zooecia. X 26.5, much calcified, in which the frontal is not cancellated. E. Ancestrula and ances- 
trular zooecia, X 50. F. Operculum, X 85. G. Mandible, X 250. (E-G, after Maters, 1900.) 


12184—23—Bull. 12! 


13 





186 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


So far as known this family is not represented in the American Tertiary, but 
its species, on the contrary, are of common occurrence in the Miocene and Pliocene 
of Europe. The larva in all of these genera is unknown and their classification 
necessarily remains doubtful. 

Genus MYRIOZOUM Donati, 1750. 

1750. Myriozoum, Donati, Stagie della storia naturale dell’ Adriatico. 

The zoarium is free, cylindrical, and arborescent. Septulae are present. 
Sixteen tentacles. 

Genotype .— Myriozoum ( Millepora) truncaturn Pallas, 1766. 

Range. —Helvetian-Recent. 

Genus MYRIOZOELLA Levinsen, 1909. 

1909. Myriozoella Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, 
p. 297. 

The zoarium is incrusting. Dietellae are present. Fifteen tentacles. 

Genotype .— Myriozoella ( Myriozoum ) Crustacea Smitt, 1868. Recent. 

ORBITULIPORIDAE, new family. 

The zooecia are regularly arranged vertically; the gemmation is lateral. The 
apertura is terminal. The ovicell is hyperstomial and forms a tube placed in a 
zooecium larger than usual. 

The genera of this family are as follows: 

Orbitulipora Stoliczka, 1861. 

Stichoporina Stoliczka, 1861. 

Batopora Reuss, 1867. 

Mamillopora Smitt, 1872. 

Sphaerophora Haswell, 1880. 

Fedora Jullien, 1882. 

Schizorthosecos Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

f Diplotaxis Reuss, 1867. 

Affinities. —This new family differs from the Conescharellinidae Levinsen, 
1909, in the constant presence of an ovicell. It differs from the Myriozoidae in 
having the ovicell adjacent to a zooecium. 

Historical. —In 1917 w r e included the genera of this new family with the Cone¬ 
scharellinidae Levinsen, 1909, but after a careful study of this latter family based 
upon specimens from the Philippine Islands we believe that the analogy between 
them is purely zoarial and that they must be separated. Their system of incuba¬ 
tion is totally different, indicating that their larval system is also very different. 

In 1885 Koschinsky discovered in the Bavarian Lutetian a series of forms 
which he classed in Stichoporina Stoliczka, 1881. This error has been repeated by 
Waters, Kirkpatrick, Neviani, and Canu. Calvet alone, in 1907, compared Sticho¬ 
porina of authors with Mamillopora Smitt, 1872. In 1919 Waters established the 
truth of this observation by a study of some excellent specimens and classified the 
principal genera as follows: 

A. With a pit: Batopora, Orbitulipora, Sphaerophora, Stichoporina. 

B. Without a pit: Mamillopora, Conescharellina. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 187 

We have made only the few following changes in this classification. First, 
Conescharellina, provided with a peristomial ovicell, belongs to another family; 
second, we add the American genus Schizorthosecos as a valid genus in the first 
group; third, we believe it best to separate the group Fedora from Mamillopora until 
the type of the latter genus is better known. 

The hydrostatic function of the central “pit” noted by Waters is unknown. 
On the inner side of Schizorthosecos and of Mamillopora there are hydrostatic 
cavities of different functions, for they are surmounted by ordinary but much 
smaller zooecia and there are many of them to a zoarium. 

In this group the ancestrula engenders six zooecia and not five as in most other 
bryozoans. As a result of the studies of Waters in 1919 we have modified some of 
the generic diagnoses given in our monograph on the early Tertiary Bryozoa. The 
reader will find studies on the Conescharellinidae in our forthcoming monograph of 
the recent bryozoa from the Philippine Islands. 

Genus BATOPORA Reuss, 1867. 

I 

1867. Batopora Reuss, Ueber einige Bryozoen aus dem deutschen Unteroligocan, Sitzungsberichte 
der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 55, Abth. 1, p. 8. 

With a pit toward which the zooecia are directed. Oral aperture small (0.09 
mm.), nearly round, but examination shows straight lower edge. Bilaminate. 
Primary zooecia hidden (Waters). The frontal is a granular olocyst. The zoarium 
is conical, never hollow and formed of two superposed lamellae. 

Genotype.—Batopora stoliczTcai Reuss 1867 (probably young of B. multiradiata 
Reuss, 1869). Stampian, Tortonian. 

The known species of the genus are: 

Batopora rosula Reuss, 1847. Tortonian. 

Batopora scrobiculata Koschinski, 1885. Lutetian. 

Batopora conica Sequenza, 1880. Tongrian. 

Batopora stoliczkai Reuss, 1867. Priabonian. 

Batopora multiradiata Reuss, 1869. Priabonian. 

Genus ORBITULIPORA Stoliczka, 1861. 

1861. Orbitulipora Stoliczka, Oligocane Bryozoen von Latdorf in Bernberg, Sitzungsberichte 
der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 65, Abth. 1, p. 90. 

With a pit toward which the zooecia are directed. Oral aperture large, with 
straight lower edge. Pit on the side bimultilayered (Waters). The frontal is a 
tremocyst. The zoarium is orbicular and formed of two layers placed back to back. 

Genotype.—Orbitulipora haidingeri Stoliczka, 1861. 

Range. —Bartonian, Tortonian. 

The other known species of this genus are: 

Orbitulipora ( Cellepora ) petiolus Lonsdale, 1850. Bartonian. 

Orbitulipora excentrica Sequenza, 1879. 

Orbitulipora lenticularis Reuss, 1869. Tongrian. 



188 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Fig. 36.—Genus Batopora Reuss, 1867. 

B, D, F, G. Batopora stoliczkai Reuss, 1867. Frontal, lateral, and basal views of the zoarium. 
A, C, E, H, I, J. Batopora rosula Reuss, 1847. Frontal, lateral, and basal views of two specimens 
from the Priabonian. (A-J, after Reuss, 1867.) 









NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


189 


K-U. Balopora multiradiata Reuss, 1869. K. Superior face of a colony showing the central pit. 
L, N. Groups of ovicelled zooecia. M. Inferior face of the colony K. 0. Specimen showing a second 
layer. P. Group of ovicells, X 25. Priabonian at Montecchio-Maggiore, Italy. Q. Specimen from Val 
di Lonti, Italy (Priabonian), showing a second layer from the neighborhood of the pit, X 10. R. Base 
showing two circles of zooecia, X 10. S. Summit of a colony showing the pit with small zooecia 
around it as well as ordinary zooecia. T. Section showing the pit and the zooecia in a second layer 
around the first. From near Novezzina, Italy (Priabonian), X 25; a, zoarium showing a cap formed 
by a second layer of zooecia, from Montecchio-Maggiore, Italy (Priabonian). U. Meridian section 
showing the apical pit, the second layer and the ovicells. (After Waters, 1891.) ap, aperture; 
ov, ovicell. 


a. 



Fig. 37.—Genus Orbitulipora Stoliczka, 1861. 


A, B, H-J. Orbitulipora petiolus Lonsdale, 1850. A. An entire zoarium from Latdorf. B. Trans¬ 
verse section showing the two lamellae placed back to back (A, B, after Stoliczka, 1851.) H. An entire 
bilamellar zoarium. I. Group of ovicelled zooecia. J. Lateral view of the same zoarium as H, show¬ 
ing the two lamellae. (H-J, after Reuss, 1867.) 

C-E. Orbitulipora excentrica Seguenza, 1878. C. An entire zoarium showing a lateral pit, X 12. 
D. Meridian section -showing the ancestrula surrounded by 5 zooecia, X 12. E. Transverse section 
following the line a-a at right angles to D, X 25. 

F, G. Orbitulipora lenticularis Reuss, 1869. Oral apertures, X 85. (C-G, after Waters, 1919.) 

i 

Genus STICHOPORINA Stoliczka, 1861. 

1861. Stichoporiria Stoliczka, Oligocane Bryozoen von Latdorf in Bernberg, Sitzungsberichte 
der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 65, Abth. 1, p. 92. 

“With a pit towards which the zooecia are directed. Oral aperture small. 
Unilaminate to bilaminate ? Pit central.” (Waters.) 

Genotype.—Stichoporina reussi Stoliczka, 1861. 







190 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Genus SPHAEROPHORA Haswell, 1881. 

1881. Sphaerophora Haswell, On some Polyzoa from the Queensland coast, Proceedings Linnean 
Society New South Wales, vol. 5, p. 42. 

"With a pit towards which the zooecia are directed. Oral aperture (0.12 
mm.) with straight lower edge. Grows in all directions from the early zooecia. 
Pit central. Multilaminate.” (Waters.) 

Genotype.—Sphaerophora fossa Haswell, 1881. 

Range. —Miocene, Recent. 



Fig. 38.—Genus Stichoporina Stoliczka, 1861. 

A-G. Stichoporina rcussi Stoliczka, 1861. A. Meridian section. B. Exterior side showing the 
central pit. C. Interior side of the same zoarium. (A-C, after Stoliczka, 1861.) D, E. Exterior side 
of colonies in which the central pit is surrounded by small zooecia. F. Interior side of E. (D-F, after 
Reuss, 1867.) G. Form of the orifice, X 85. (After Waters, 1919.) 

Genus SCHIZORTHOSECOS Canu and Bassler, 1917. 

1917. Schizorthosecos Canu and Bassler, A synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome 
Bryozoa, Bull. 106 U. S. National Museum, p. 74. 

Completed definition. —With a pit closed externally by a perforated lamella. 
The zoarium is cupuliform. The apertura is oval with a rounded proximal rimule. 
There are numerous interzooecial zooeciules which may be transformed into avicu- 
laria, into radicular zooeciules or into compensation zooeciules. 

Genotype.—Schizorthosecos ( Orbitolites ) interstitia Lea, 1833. 

Range. —Claibornian, Jacksonian. 

Genus FEDORA Jullien, 1882. 

1882. Fedora Jullien, Dragages du Travailleur, Bulletin Societ6 Zoologique de France, vol. 7, p. 17. 

Without a pit. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the operculum, 
arranged between two zooecia. The apertura presents an anter and a poster sepa¬ 
rated by two salient cardelles; it is elongated on the ordinary zooecia but transverse 
and larger on the ovicelled zooecia. The frontal is a granular pleurocyst bordered 



I 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 191 

by very small areolar pores. There are often one or two avicularia in the vicinity 
of the apertura. On the inner side the zooecia are hexagonal or fusiform, termi¬ 
nated by a small orbicular pore or covered with large pores. 

Genotype. — Fedora edwardsi Jullien, 1882. 

Range .—Lutetian to Recent. 

The known species of this genus are as follows: 

Fedora edlcardsi Jullien, 1882. Recent (Atlantic). 

Fedora ( Stichoporina ) simplex Kirkpatrick, 1890 (not Koschinsky, 1885). 
Recent (Indian Ocean). 

Fedora ( Mamillopora ) smithi Calvet, 1907 (possibly F. persimplex Neviani, 
1895). Recent (Atlantic). 

Fedora ( Discofiustrellaria ) dactylus D’Orbigny, 1852. Lutetian. 

Fedora ( Stichoporina) simplex Koschinsky, 1885 ( = Stichoporina reussi Canu, 
1907). Lutetian. 

Fedora ( Stichoporina ) protecta Koschinsky, 1885. Lutetian, Jacksonian. 

Fedora ( Kionidella ) excelsa Koschinsky, 1885. Lutetian, Priabonian. 

Fedora (Stichoporina) crassilabris Koschinsky, 1885. Lutetian. 

Fedora ( Cupularia ) bidentata Reuss, 1869. (See Waters, 1919.) Priabonian. 

Fedora ( Kionidella ) obliqueseriata Koschinsky, 1885. Lutetian. 

Fedora ( Stichoporina) persimplex Neviani, 1895. Plaisancian. 

Fedora ( Lepralia) minutissima Sequenza, 1880. Helvetian. 

Genus MAMILLOPORA Smitt, 1873. 

1872. Mamillopora Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 1, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Hand- 
lingar, vol. 10, no. 11, p. 33. 

Oral aperture large (0.12 mm.), contracted at each side. Primary zooecium 
erect, surrounded by six similar zooecia. Only unilaminate, showing the position 
of the zooecia on the under surface. (Waters.) The zoarium is cupuliform. The 
apertura is elliptical with two submedian cardelles. Avicularia are present. The 
ovicelled zooecia are much larger; their apertura is not transverse. The zooecia 
and their inner side are covered with tuberosities. 

Genotype. — Mamillopora cupula Smitt, 1872. 

The genotype of the genus is incompletely known. 

We have had the good fortune to secure some recent specimens of Mamillopora 
dredged in the Gulf of Mexico. The species appears to be new, but it shows some 
interesting facts on the structure of the genus. It differs from Mamillopora cupula 
Smitt, 1872, in having a much smaller and nonbilobed ovicell, in the presence of a 
peristomial avicularium instead of an interzooecial one, and in having analogous 
apertures on the ovicelled zooecia. Our specimens were unfortunately insufficient 
for a complete study, but nevertheless we have observed the following points: 

1. The ovicell is closed by the operculum. The operculum of the ovicelled 
zooecia is identical with the operculum of the other zooecia but often somewhat 
higher. 

2. On the inner, noncellular (superior) side each tuberosity is a pyriform avi¬ 
cularium in which the opesium, which is elliptical and without pivot, bears a small 
semielliptical mandible. The mandibles are quite variable in dimensions, as some 
are small and others are large. 






192 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


3. On the inner face there are large cavities which, as they are closed by the 
ectocyst, are indeed hydrostatic. We have not been able to make zoarial sections 
of such a nature that we can see by what mechanism the sea water enters or departs. 

4. The mandibles of the oral avicularia are identical with those of the avicu- 
laria of the inner face. 

5. The ovicells observed were marginal and not inserted between the other 
zooecia, but our specimens are insufficient to note if this is a constant character. 

6. This species is very close in its dimensions to Mamillopora tuberosa Canu 
and Bassler, 1919, and differs only in the position of its ovicells and in the con¬ 
stancy of its oral avicularia. 

We do not know the inner side of Mamillopora smithi Calvet, 1907. That of 
Mamillopora cupula Smitt, 1872, has not been figured, but Smitt speaks of “a thin 
layer of bladders (aborted avicularia) on the back of the zooecia,” a description 
which appears to accord with our observation. Smitt’s specimens were deprived 
of the ectocyst and he was not able to determine the true nature of the avicularia. 


MAMILLOPORA TUBEROSA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 


Plate 6, figs. 16-19; plate 7, figs. 1-8. 


1919. Stichoporina tuberosa Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 98, pi. 1, 
figs. 20-23; pi. 6, figs. 16-19; pi. 7, figs. 1-8. 


Description. —The zoarium is free, conical, hollow, with very thick walls. 
The peristome is salient, ornamented with small tuberosities; it bears one or two 
small, elliptical avicularia with bar or denticles. The apertura is elliptical, elongated, 
hidden at the base of a short peristomie; it is formed of a large, semielliptical anter 
and of a small, concave poster, separated by two small, salient cardelles. The 
ovicell is large, somewhat salient, convex; it is hyperstomial and always closed by 
the operculum. A salient, elliptical avicularium, with two denticles serving as 
pivot, is placed at the base of each zooecium; it deforms the adjacent peristomes. 
The inner side is tuberose and bears very large pores arranged in quincunx. On 
the lower face there are large pores surrounded by very small ones. 

,, , , . I k = 0.14 mm. ^ . f Lz =0.30 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura w a _q jq 


mm. 


Zooecia 


lz =0.30 mm. 


Opesium of j ho = 0.10 mm. . . , . f Lav = 0.20 mm. 

avicularium j lo =0.06 mm. 1 V1CU anum j l av =0.12 mm. 

This is a very elegant species characterized by its peristomial tuberosities. 
The ancestrula is visible only in the interior of the zoarium; it is covered exteriorly 
by the first zooecia. All the zooecia are separated from each other by small canals 
which appear to end in the large, inferior pores. The oral tuberosities are hollow. 
The pores of the internal cavity are avicularia, of which the pivot is formed by two 
denticles; they are analogous with those of the external face (inferior). The 
internal face (and upper) bears also large cavities which we believe to be hydrostatic 
cavities; but it must be proved that the ectocyst is resistant enough to confine an 
equal amount of water. We must suppose also that these cavities are intended to 
counterbalance the irregularities of calcification and to assure the perfect equilibrium 
of the zoarial system. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


193 


This species must not be confounded with Mamillopora cupula Smitt, 1872. 
It differs from it in its ovicell, which is not bilobate, and in its ovarian zooecia 
which are not larger than the others. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Gatun formation): Banana River, Costa Rica 
(common). Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Cana, Rio Gurabo, and Cercado 
de Mao, Santo Domingo; Bowden, Jamaica (common). 

Cotypes.— Cat. Nos. 68722-68725, U.S.N.M. 

Order CYCLOSTOMATA Busk. 

Family HETEROPORIDAE Pergens and Meunier, 1886. 

Genus CERIOPORA Goldfuss, 1827. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 678.) 

CERIOPORA VIRGINIANA, new species. 

Plate 26, figs. 1-3. 

Description. —The zoarium is an irregular globular mass. The tubes are 
polygonal; their walls are very thin. No peristomes. 

Affinities. —This species may be compared only with the European species 
from the faluns of Touraine not yet published. Only the figured specimen has 
been found. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile northeast of Suffolk, 
Virginia (very rare). 

Rolotype. —Cat. No. 68726, U.S.N.M. 

Family DIASTOPORIDAE Gregory, 1899. 

Forma PROBOSCINA Audouin, 1826. 

PROBOSCINA MESLERI, new species. 

Plate 26, fig. 7. 

Description. —The zoarium incrusts shells and forms long triserial branches 
dividing almost at a right angle. The tubes are long, convex, distinct, porous. 
The peristomie is perpendicular to the zooecial axis. The apertura is orbicular 
and the peristome is thin and sharp. The apertures are arranged in quincunx or 
trigeminal. 

Measurements .— 

Diameter of orifice... 0.10 mm. 

Diameter of the tubes.... 0.12 mm. 

Diameter of aperture..... 0.40-0.50 mm. 

Zoarial width..... 0.40-0.45 mm. 

This species is named in honor of Mr. Rector D. Mesler, of the United States 
Geological Survey, who has made important collections of Miocene fossils for our 
study. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare). 

Holotype.— Cat. No. 68727, U.S.N.M. 








194 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Forma BERENICEA Lamouroux, 1821. 

BERENICEA FLABELLUM? Reuss, 1847. 

Plate 27, fig. 17. 

1847. Diastopora flabellum, Reuss, Die fo3silen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeekens, Ilaidingers 
naturwissenschaftliehe Abhandlungen, vol. 2, pi. 7, fig. 9. 

The specimens from the Miocene of Virginia which we have referred doubtfully 
as above have the general zoarial aspect of Reuss’s species, but without direct 
comparisons we are unable to assert their identity positively. The measurements 
of the American specimens are as follows: 


Measurements .— 

Peristome...'-0.24 mm. 

Diameter of the orifice_ 0.18 mm. 

Distance between the peristomes.... 0.80-0.90 mm. 

Separation of the peristomes_ 0.S0 mm. 


Occurrence.— Miocene (Yorktown formation): Weavers Pond, Gloucester 
County, and 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia (rare). 

Geological distribution. —Miocene of the Vienna Basin. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68728, U.S.N.M. 

ATELESOPORA, new genus. 

Greek; Ateles, incomplete; in allusion to the lack of peristome. 

The tubes are expanded and have no peristome. 

This form of tubes was rather common in the Paleozoic era and during the 
Cretaceous, and it has been noted in many families. It is ver}^ rare in the Tertiary 
formations and in the recent seas, but its study has never been undertaken 
seriously. 

Our generic definition is incomplete, since we are ignorant of the ovicell. In 
giving a generic name to this group, our main purpose is to call the attention of the 
zoologists to these singular remains of ancient periods. 

ATELESOPORA REPTANS, new species. 

Plate 26, figs. 4-6. . 

Description. —The zoarium creeps over shells, in salient masses, more or less 
flabelliform. The tubes are adjacent, irregular, polygonal. The zone of growth 
is thick and irregular. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Duplin marl): Muldrows Mills, 5 miles south of Mayville, 
Sumter County, South Carolina (rare); and Natural Well, 2 miles southwest 
Magnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina (rare). Miocene (Yorktown formation): 
3 miles southwest Petersburg, 1 mile northeast, and 1 mile west of Suffolk, 1 mile 
west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester County, and Beulahland, King and Queen 
County, Virginia (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68729-68731, U.S.N.M. 






NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 195 

Family MECYNOECIIDAE Canu, 1918. 

Forma ENTALOPHORA Lamouroux, 1821. 

(For remarks see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 734.) 

ENTALOPHORA FASCICULIFERA, new species. 

Plate 41, figs. 1-5. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, cylindrical, with the Entalophora form of 
growth. The tubes are long, distinct, separated by a furrow, convex, and slightly 
striated transversely; at their extremity they are bent almost perpendicularly 
to the zoarium and are prolonged in a long, free peristomie; they are sometimes 


bigeminate. The peristomes are thin and widened. 

Measurements: 

Diameter of the little salient peristomes.. 0.14 mm. 

Length of the peristomie.. 0.50 mm. 

Diameter of the peristome at the extremity of the long 

peristomies...._..0.20 mm. 

Diameter of the tubes on the zoarium,. 0.30 mm. 

Distance between the peristomes.... 1.00 mm. 

Diameter of the branches..... 0.80 mm. 


Affinities. —The characteristic of this species is furnished by the presence of 
small bundles formed of two tubes partially joined by their peristomie. The 
species differs from Mecynoecia proboscidea Milne-Edwards, 1838, in its smaller 
micrometric dimensions and in the frequent presence of bigeminate zooecia. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Tremochal Canyon) (rare), and 
Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro, California (very rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68732, U.S.N.M. 

Family ONCOUSOECIIDAE Canu, 1918. 

Forma FILISPARSA D’Orbigny, 1853. 

FILISPARSA CLARKI, new species. 

Plate 41, figs. 11-19. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, compressed, bifurcated; the zooecia are 
placed on the anterior face; the dorsal is convex, striated longitudinally and trans- 
versally. The tubes are visible, convex, curved outward at their extremity and 
terminated by a rather long peristomie; the peristomes are thin, orbicular, arranged 


in quincunx or in oblique rows. 

Measurements: 

Diameter of the orifice.-.0.14 mm. 

Diameter of the peristome.. 0.18-0.20 mm. 

Zooecial diameter (on the zoarium).. . 0.24 mm. 

Distance between the peristomes.. 1.00 mm. 

Separation of the peristomes... 0.76-0.80 mm. 














196 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Affinities. —In its general aspect this species is close to Oncousoecia varians 
Reuss, 1869; it differs from it in its smaller orifice (0.14 mm. and not 0.20-0.28 
mm.) and in the arrangement of its tubes, which are much less regular. The number 
of longitudinal series of tubes is from three to four. Very rarely a dorsal apophysis 
is developed. Although we figure the ovicell we have not been able to place this 
species in its natural genus because the oeciopore has not been observed. 

The specific name is in honor of Dr. F. C. Clark, of Los Angeles, California, 
who has collected many interesting species for our study. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (very common), and Dead Mans 
Island, off San Pedro, California (rare). 

Cotype. —Cat. No. 68733, U.S.N.M. 

FILISPARSA CLARKI, var. PARVULA, new variety. 

Plate 41, figs. 20-22. 

Description. —The dimensions are smaller than in the typical form. The 
number of longitudinal series of tubes is five. 


Measurements: 

Diameter of the orifice_____0.14 mm. 

Diameter of the peristome.... 0.16-0.18 mm. 

Zooecial diameter (on the zoarium). 0.20 (0.24) mm. 

Distance between the peristomes. 0.60-0.80 mm. 

Separation of the peristomes... 0.64-0.90 mm. 


Variations. —The tubes are visible on the dorsal; their diameter there is 0.04 
mm. Through fossilization they disappear and the dorsal appears more or less 
smooth; accidentally the latter may be transversally wrinkled. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Cotype. —Cat. No. 68734, U.S.N.M. 

Family CRISIIDAE Johnston, 1847. 

Genus CRISIA Lamouroux, 1816. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 703.) 

CRISIA SERRATA Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Plate 42, figs. 1-7. ^ 

1862. Crisia serrata Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa of the Secondary and Tertiary formations 
of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, ser. 2,vol. 5, p. 174, 
pi. 21, fig. 66. 

1910. Crisia pacifica Robertson, Cyclostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North America, 
University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 6, p. 242, pi. 20, figs. 16, 17. 


Measurements .— 

Diameter of the peristome____0.08-0.10 mm. 

Distance between the peristomes_ 0.36-0.42 mm. 

Zooecial diameter..0.12 mm. 

Width of a segment.*..0.46 mm. 

Diameter of the basis ramae..... 0.14-0.20 mm. 












NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


197 


Variations. —Tliis'species, which has been known for a long time, is very common 
in the post-Pliocene formations of California. When the illumination is lateral,the 
segments present a longitudinal and median keel very characteristic. The distance 
between the tubes is smaller than the zooecial width. This character is always 
important to consider in the determination of species of Crisia. 

For reasons of equilibrium there are usually two bases ramae to every segment, 
one on each side. However, it was not rare to find short segments having only one 
basis ramae. 

The number of tubes per segment varies from 11 to 16. 

Affinities. —There is a rather great difference between our photographs and the 
drawings given by Miss Robertson of Crisia pacifica. This difference of aspect is 
due to fossilization; the fossils lose their translucency and the tubes are then scarcely 
visible. 

This species has the general aspect of Crisia denticulata, but differs from it in its 
larger micrometric dimensions, the distance between the peristomes being 0.40 mm. 
and not 0.30 mm. 

Species of Crisia are attached to floating algae. The depth at which they are 
dredged has no bathymetric significance. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (very common), and Santa Monica 
(very common), California. 

Habitat. —-Pacific: Off California (24-48 meters). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68735, 68736, U.S.N.M. 

Family TUBULIPORIDAE Johnston, 1838. 

Genus TUBULIPORA Lamarck, 1816. 

(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 753.) 

TUBULIPORA FASCICULIFERA Hincks, 1884. 

Plate 42, figs. 9-17. 

1884. Tubulipora fascieulifera Hincks, Report on the Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands, Annals 
and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 13, p. 206, pi. 9, fig. 6. 

Measurements. —Diameter of the peristome, 0.12 mm. 

Variations. —The fascicles are monoserial or biserial, very short, and composed 
of two to six tubes or more. The zoarium is generally flabelliform, more or less 
elongate: it creeps over algae. The ovicell is small, ramified between some fas¬ 
cicles only. The oeciostome is wide and little salient. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Tubulipora tuba Gabb and Horn, 1862, in 
its very short fascicles, never composed of more than six tubes, and in its wide and 
little salient oeciostome. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Habitat. —Pacific: Off Queen Charlotte Islands. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68737, U.S.N.M. 


198 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


TUBULIPORA TUBA Gabb and Horn, 1862. 

Plate 42, figs. 18-23. 

1862. Semitubigera tuba Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa of the Secondary and Tertiary forma¬ 
tions of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, 
p. 169, pi. 21, fig. 57. 

1910. Tubulipora occidentalis Robertson, Cyclostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North Amer¬ 
ica, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 6, p. 249, pi. 22, figs. 29-31. 

Measurements. —Diameter of the peristome, 0.12 mm. 

Variations. —The zoarium creeps on algae, with generally flabelliform fronds; it 
sometimes entirely surrounds the delicate radicells and thus becomes tubular. We 
have observed some specimens on other bryozoa. 

The fascicles are monoserial or biserial; they have a large number of tubes, 
from 6 to 20; they are often arranged on each side of the zoarial axis in rather 
irregular order. 

The ovicell is large and is inserted between six or eight fascicles. The oecios- 
tome is a very small tube, quite salient, adjacent to the first tube of a fascicle. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Tubulipora fasciculifera, Hincks, 1884, in 
its long fascicles composed of more than six tubes and in its long capillary oecios- 
tome. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), (rare), Dead Mans’ 
Island, off San Pedro (rare), and Santa Barbara (rare), California. 

Habitat. —Pacific: Off California, and the Queen Charlotte Islands. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. Nos. 68738, 68739, U.S.N.M. 

Genus IDMONEA Lamouroux, 1821. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 770.) 

IDMONEA DISPAR, new species. 

Plate 41, figs. 6-10. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, bifurcated, with subcylindrical section; the 
branches are undulated and at a bifurcation; they are not equal. The fascicles 
are alternate or almost opposite and diverge from each side of the median crest. 
The tubes are visible, convex, and three or four in number to a fascicle; the 


peristome is thin and orbicular. 

Measurements. —Width of salient fascicles_0.14 mm. 

Width of little salient fascicles__._0.20 mm. 

Diameter of first zooecium (on the zoarium).0.18 mm. 

Distance between the fascicles..... 0.40-0.60 mm. 

Zoarial diameter..... 0.80 mm. 


Affinities. —This species is quite well characterized by the inequality of the 
branches at the bifurcations; there is always one a little smaller than the other. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Tremochal Canyon) ,California (com¬ 
mon). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68740, U.S.N.M. 







NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 199 

IDMONEA PLANULA, new species. 

Plate 26, figs. 13-15. 

Description. —-The zoarium is free, wide, with semielliptical section; the dorsal 
is flat and striated transversally. The fascicles are salient, opposite, quite close 
but diverging from the median crest. The tubes are visible, separated by a little 
salient thread, and number three or four to a fascicle; the peristomes are thin 


and rectangular. 

Measurements. —Width of fascicles..0.20 mm. 

Distance between the fascicles. .. 0.40-0.60 mm. 

Diameter (on the zoarium) of the first tube_0.24 mm. 

Number of the tubes... 3-4. 

Width of the zoarium...... 1.20 mm. 


Affinities. —This species has the general aspect of Idmonea petri D’Archiac, 
1846. It differs from it in a greater distance between the fascicles (more then 
0.40 mm.) and in the larger zoarial dimensions. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jacksons Bluff, Ocklocknee 
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68741, U.S.N.M. 

IDMONEA CALIFOKNICA D’Orbigny, 1852. 

Plate 43, figs. 1-9. 

1852. Idmonea califomica D’Okbigny, Paleontologie francaise, Terrains cr4taces, vol. 5, Bryozo- 
aires, p. 732. 

1855. Idmonea califomica Conrad, Notes on Miocene and Post-Pliocene deposits of California, 
Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, vol. 7, p. 441. 

1862. Idmonea califomica Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa, Secondary and Tertiary formations 
North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 168, 
pi. 21, fig. 56. 

1910. Idmonea califomica Robertson, Cyclostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North America, 
University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 6, p. 253, pi. 23, figs. 39—41 (bibli¬ 


ography). 

Measurements. —Diameter of the orifice..0.20 mm. 

Diameter of the peristome... 0.28 mm. 

Width of the fascicles.... 0.28 mm. 

Distance between the fascicles..— 0.80 mm. 


Variations. —This giant species seems to be restricted to the American shores 
of the Pacific. 

The fascicles are almost opposite. On the median axis there is a longitudinal 
row of isolated tubes, often closed by a calcareous diaphragm. 

In tangential section the walls are perforated, but the perforations are no 
larger than in other species of Idmonea with small dimensions. In longitudinal 
section the zooecial walls appear very thick. In transverse section the tubes 
are rectangular. The ovicell is large, convex, placed on the median crest and 
finely porous. It surrounds the isolated zooecia of the median axis, which gives 
it the aspect of Diaperoecia, but it does not surround the fascicles and its inter¬ 
fascicular lobes are very short. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (rare), Dead Man’s Island, off San 
Pedro (very common), and Santa Barbara, California (very common). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68742, 68743, U.S.N.M. 












200 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

IDMONEA(?) EXPANSA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 26, fig. 8. 

1904. Idmonea (?) expansa Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 404, 
pi. 109, figs. 6-8. 

The original description was as follows: 

Zoarium adnate, beginning with a single zooecium to which others are added rapidly until an 
irregular flabellate expansion is produced that with further growth becomes more or less lobate. In 
the older examples the lobes are seen to be due to the development of the zooecia in systems composed 
of two pinnate series of transverse rows springing alternately from the opposite sides of a zigzag or 
wavy median line. In the rows the zooecial apertures, which are rounded quadrate in shape and 
elevated, are in contact, with four to six in each row and this greater number in about 0.8 mm. The 
furrows between the rows of apertures are often irregular, and where this in the case the rows themselves 
are not continuous. When the arrangement is normal the average width of the furrows is a little less 
than that of the rows of apertures, allowing about four of the latter to come within the space of 1.0 mm. 
The growing margins of the expansions are occupied by numerous crowded angular cells, decreasing 
in size toward the extreme edge. Zooecial walls minutely porous. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland (rare). 
Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68744, U.S.N.M. 

Genus CRISINA D’Orbigny, 1852. 

CRISINA? STRLATOPORA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 27, figs. 1-4. 

1904. Crisina striatopora Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Miocene, Maryland Geological Survey, 
p. 406, pi. 118, figs. 1-4. 

Ulrich and Bassler’s original description was as follows: 

Zoarium erect, ramose, probably not exceeding 1 cm. in height, dividing dichotomously at intervals 
of about 1.5 mm.; branches subovate in cross section, thickest, uniformly convex and traversed longi¬ 
tudinally by from sixteen to twenty punctate striae on the reverse side, narrower and carrying alter¬ 
nating series of zooecial apertures on the obverse side. Zooecial apertures rarely three usually four 
in each series, in contact laterally, the inner one of each series largest, most prominent, and subcircular 
the outer one smallest, drawn out distally and apparently grading into the pores lying between the 
longitudinal ridges of the reverse side. Series of zooecia curving first forward then slightly backward, 
separated by a deep interspace averaging about 0.2 mm. in width; about five rows in 2.0 mm. Over 
the basal part of the zoarium the zooecial apertures are covered one after the other by the growth of 
the striato-punctate dorsal integument. 

In order to properly classify this species thin sections and the nature of the 
ovicell are necessary. Additional specimens are needed before further studies 
upon it are made. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland (rare). 
Holotype. —Cat. No. 68745, U.S.N.M. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 201 

Family THEONOIDAE Busk, 1859. 

Genus THEONOA Lamouroux, 1821. 

THEONOA GLOMERATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. 

Plate 26, figs. 9-12. 

1904. Theonoa glomerata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 406, 
pi. 109, figs. 4, 5. 

The original description of this species was as follows: 

Zoarium cake shaped when young and growing irregular with age, the under side covered with a 
concentrically wrinkled epitheca, the upper side with short or broken irregularly arranged celluliferous 
ridges separated by deep interspaces. Ridges abruptly elevated, their flattened summits usually 
exhibiting a double row of subangular zooecial apertures. Here and there, probably through confluence 
of two or more ridges, considerable clusters of apertures occur, while other groups may not contain 
more than three or four cells. Occasionally an irregular radial arrangement of the ridges is apparent. 
About four zooecial apertures in 1.0 mm. 

Occurrence. —Miocene (St. Mary’s formation); St. Marys River, Maryland (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. No. 68746, U.S.N.M. 

Family DIAPEROECIIDAE Canu, 1918. 

Genus STATHMEPORA Canu and Bassler, 1922. 

Greek: stathme = line or cord. In allusion to the rectilinear form of the 
fascicles. 

The ovicell is a vesicle traversed by the tubes of which the peristomes are 
much scattered. The tubes are cylindrical and grouped in linear, uniserial fascicles. 
Gemmation is triparietal. 

Genotype.—Stathmepora flabellata, new species. Pleistocene. 

STATHMEPORA FLABELLATA, new species. 

Plate 43, figs. 10-17. 

Description. —The zoarium is bushy and formed of bilamellar, Jlabellate fronds. 
The fascicles are uniserial, little salient, arranged perpendicularly to the zoarial 
margins. The tubes are visible only when they are isolated. The ovicell is an 
irregular vesicle pierced by fascicles whose tubes are then more adjacent. 


Measurements .— 

Diameter of the peristome. 0. 12 mm. 

Zooecial diameter.-.0.18 mm. 

Distance between the peristomes. 1. 00 mm. 

Separation of the peristomes. 0. 56-0. 80 mm. 


Variations. —The fascicles are not exactly analogous to each other. They 
form, moreover, some lines with tubes adjacent like true fascicles. The basal 
lamella is large and the zone of growth is thick. 

The ovicell is formed after the consolidation of the adjacent tubes, for the 
fascicles are not disarranged. If the peristomes are scattered the peristomies are 
long and never adjacent. It is probable that fossilization caused the long non- 
ad jacent peristomies to disappear from the species, of which the bases alone are 
visible. 


22184—23—Bull. 125-14 








202 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Affinities. —This species differs from Mesenteripora meandrina Robertson, 1910, 
in the ovicell not placed near the zoarial margin, and in its tubes grouped in fascicles. 

In spite of exterior appearances the tubes are not arranged as in Reticulipora, 
the axis of the apertura being placed in the longitudinal axis of the zooecia. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (common), and Santa Monica 

(Rustic Canyon), California (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68747, 68748, U.S.N.M. 

Genus D1APEROECIA Canu, 1918. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 740.) 

DIAPEROECIA FLABELLATA, new species. 

Plate 43, figs. 18, 19. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, bilamellar and formed of flabellate fronds, 
and irregularly twisted. The tubes are little visible, widened at their extremity; 
the peristome is thin, salient, elliptical, horizontal. The ovicell is convex, smooth, 
traversed by 6-10 tubes; the oeciostome is crescentric. and joined to an ordinary 


peristome. 

Measurements .— 

Diameter of the peristome_ 0. 15 mm. 

Distance between the peristomes___ 0. 42-0. 50 mm. 

Separation of the peristomes.. 0. 50-0. 55 mm. 


Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Tremochal Canyon) (rare), and 
Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro, California (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68749, U.S.N.M. 

DIAPEROECIA MILNEANA D’Orbigny, 1839. 

Plate 6, figs. 20, 21. 

1839. Idmonea milneana D’Orbigny, Voyage dans L’Am4rique M&ridionale, vol. 5, pt. 4, p. 20, 
pi. 9, figs. 17-21. 

1919. Idmonea milneana Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 

Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 99, pi. 6, figs. 20, 21. 

1920. Idmonea milneana Canu and Bassler, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bulletin 

106, U. S. National Museum, p. 773, pi. 136, figs. 1-12. 

This recent species has been identified in a number of Tertiary formations 
of Europe and in the Jacksonian and Vicksburgian of North America. So far 
the only discovery of it in th^ post-Oligocene strata of North America is in the 
Lower Miocene of Santo Domingo, where the single specimen here illustrated has 
been found. 

The discovery of numerous ovicelled specimens of this species in dredgings 
from the Gulf of Mexico cause us to refer it generically as above. 

Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Do¬ 
mingo (rare). 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68750, U.S.N.M. 


I 





NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 203 

Family LICHENOPORIDAE Smitt, 1866. 

Genus LICHENOPORA Defrance, 1823. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 812.) 

LICHENOPORA CALIFORNICA Conrad, 1855. 

Plate 44, figs. 4-7. 

V 

?1852. Unicavea californica D’Orbigny, Paleontologie francaise, Terrains cretacis, vol. 5, Bryo- 
zoaires, p. 972. 

1855. Lichenopora californica Conrad, Note on Miocene and Postpliocene deposits of California, 
Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, vol. 7, p. 441. 

1910. Lichcnopora californica Robertson, Cyclostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North 
America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 6, p. 261, pi. 25, figs. 48, 49 
(bibliography). 

Historical .— Unicavea californica is thus defined by D’Orbigny, 1852: “ Espece 
tres convexe endessus, ayant le centre excav6, et pourvue de pores intermediaires 
6normes. Madelaine, Basse Californie.” Its classification in the genus Unicavea 
indicates moreover that the colony is discoidal, creeping, incrusting, provided with 
a single series of cellules in the rows. 

Waters, 1905, 8 examined D’Orbigny’s type preserved in the Museum of Paris. 
He notes: "The zooecia are uniserial, slightly raised; zooecia and cancelli about 
the same size. This does hot seem to be the Discoporella californica of Busk.” 

What Conrad, Gabb and Horn, Busk, and Robertson have named Lichenopora 
californica does not appear therefore to be the species of D’Orbigny, as thezoarium 
is free and the fascicles are biserial. Under these conditions we believe it necessary 
to substitute the name of Conrad, 1855, for that of D’Orbigny. It is useless to 
change the specific name, as the specimen of D’Orbigny has not been figured. 

Structure. —The structure of this species is quite constant. The zoarium is 
free and very convex. The fascicles are regular and biserial. The cancelli are 
very large and often wider than the tubes. The ovicell is placed in the center 
of the zoarium and hidden by the cancelli. The oeciostome is large, orbicular, 
salient, placed excentrically in the vicinity of the fascicles. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68751, U.S.N.M. 

LICHENOPORA HISPIDA Fleming, 1828. 

Plate 44, figs. 1-3. 

1828. Discopora hispida Fleming, History of British Animals, p. 530. 

1884. Lichenopora hispida Hincks, Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands, Annals and Magazine 
Natural His ton', ser. 5, vol. 13, p. 207. 

1889. Lichenopora hispida Jelly, A synonymic catalogue of marine Bryozoa, p. 134 (general bibli¬ 
ography). 

1901. Lichenopora hispida Whiteaves, Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of eastern Canada, 
Geological Survey of Canada, p. 112. 

1905. Lichenopora hispida Neviani, Briozoi fossili de Carrubare, Calabria, Bollettino della Societa 
geologica italiana, vol. 23, p. 554 (52). 


* Notes on some Recent Bryozoa in D'Orbigny’s collection, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 15, p. 15. 






204 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


1907. Lichenopora hispida Calvet, Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, Bryo- 
zoaires, p. 466 (complementary bibliography). 

1907. Lichenopora hispida Nordgaard, Bryozoen von dem norwegischen-Fischereidampfer “Mich¬ 

ael Sara,” Bergens Museum Aarbog, p. 17. 

1908. Lichenopora hispida Canu, Les Bryozoaires du Sud-Ouest de la France, Bulletin societe 

geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 8, p. 388, pi. 7, fig. 18. 

1912. Lichenopora hispida Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a l’etude des Bryozoaires des cotes 
armoricaines, III, Bryozoaires de la region de Concarneau et de l’Archipel de Glenan, 
Travaux scientifiques du Laboratorie de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 4, p. 21. 

1912. Lichenopora hispida Barroso, Briozoos de la Estaceon de Zoologia maritima de Santander, 

Trabajos del Museo de ciencias naturales, no. 5, p. 59. 

1913. Lichenopora hispida Guerin-Ganivet, Bryozoaires de la mission arctique du “Jacques Car- 

tier,” Society d’oceanographie du Golfe de Gascogne, fasc. 7, p. 42. 

1916. Lichenopora hispida F. Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France, 
Bulletin Soci6t6 geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 15, p. 333. 

1918. Lichenopora hispida Nordgaard, Bryozoa from the Arctic regions, Tromso Museums Aarschef- 
ter, vol. 40 (1917), no. 1, p. 21. 

Variations. —This species appears to us as poorly defined. Generally authors 
have classed under this name all specimens in which the fascicles do not reach 
the zoarial margin, which is therefore garnished with tubes in.quincunx. But 
the ovicells on these various specimens are not exactly similar. The fossils have 
lost their visor, which renders their determination still more difficult and less 
certain. 

All the fossil species of Lichenopora resemble each other, and our determination 
is perhaps not good because in addition only the two figured specimens have been 
found and we have been unable to make any useful sections. 

The ovicell does not bear cancelli in Fleming’s species; and we have not observed 
the oeciostome. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 

Geological distribution. —Aquitanian of France (Canu); Helvetian of Italy 
(Seguenza), of France (Canu collection), Tortonian of Austria Hungary (Reuss); 
Zanclean of Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of England (Busk), of Italy (Manzoni); 
Astian of Italy (Seguenza); Sicilian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani); Quaternary of 
Italy (Seguenza, Neviani). 

Habitat. —Arctic Ocean: Greenland, Scandinavia (20-420 meters), White Sea, 
Finmark. Eastern Atlantic: North Sea, England, English Channel (240-300 
meters), Gulf of Gascony. Western Atlantic: Canada. Mediterranean: At Cette 
(15-90 meters), Corse (40-60 meters), Marseilles, Naples, Oran (75 meters). Pacific: 
Australia, New Zealand, Queen Charlotte Islands. 

In the great depths of the Arctic regions (420 meters) the temperature observed, 
according to Nordgaard, has been + 5° C. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68752, U.S.N.M. 

LICHENOPORA RADIATA Savigny-Audouin, 1826. 

Plate 44, fig. 10. 

1826. Melobesia radiata Audouin, Explication sommaires de planches de polypes de Savigny 
Description de l’Egypte, vol. 1, p. 235, pi. 6, fig. 3. 

1889. Lichenopora radiata Jelly, A synonymic catalogue of marine Byrozoa, p. 137 (general bibliog¬ 
raphy). 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 205 

1905. Lichenopora radiata Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare (Calabria), Bollettino della Society 
geologica italiana, vol. 23, p. 554. 

1910. Lichenopora radiata Waters, Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red sea, The 
Bryozoa, Journal Linnean Society, London, vol. 31, p. 237 (complementary bibliography). 
1910. Lichenopora radiata Robertson, Cyclostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North America, 
University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 6, p. 262, pi. 24, figs. 46, 47. 

1912. Lichenopora radiata Barroso, Bryozoos de la estachm biologica marftima de Santander, 
Trabajos del Museo de ciencias naturales, no. 5, p. 60. 

1915. Lichenopora radiata Barroso, Contribucion al conocimiento de los Briozoos marinos de Espafia, 
Boletfn de la real sociedad espanola de Historia natural, vol. 15, p. 419. 

Our specimens agree exactly with the typical form of this widespread recent 
species. According to Waters, there are nine tentacles. 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (rareT- 
Geological distribution. —Miocene of Australia and New Zealand (Waters), 
Zanclean of Italy (Seguenza); Astian of Italy (Neviani); Sicilian of Italy (Neviani, 
Seguenza), of Rhodes (Pergens); Quaternary of Italy (Neviani, Waters, Seguenza). 

Habitat. —Atlantic: British Channel, Gulf of Gascony (135 meters), Madeira. 
Mediterranean: Corse, Naples, Adriatic (32-89 meters), Majorca. Pacific: Aus¬ 
tralia, Japan, and California. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68753, U.S.N.M. 

LICHENOPORA VERRUCARIA Fabricius, 1780. 

Plate 44, figs. 8, 9. 

1899. Lichenopora verrucaria Jelly, A synonymic catalogue of marine Bryozoa, p. 138 (bibliography). 

1900. Lichenopora verrucaria Robertson, Bryozoa. Harriman Alaskan Expedition, Proceedings 

Washington Academy Sciences, vol. 2, p. 329. 

1900. Lichenopora verrucaria Nordgaard, Polyzoa, Norske Nordhavs Expedition, Zoology, no. 27 

vol. 27, p. 20. 

1901. Lichenopora verrucaria Whiteaves, Catalogue of the marine Invertebrata, Canadian Geo¬ 

logical Survey, p. 113. 

1905. Lichenopora verrucaria Nordgaard, Hydrographical and biological investigations in Nor- ■ 

wegian fiords, Bergen Museum, p. 173. 

1906. Lichenopora verrucaria Nordgaard, Bryozoa from the Second Fram Expedition, The Society 

of Arts and Sciences of Kristiania, no. 8, p. 37. 

1910. Lichenopora verrucaria Robertson, Cyclostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North Amer¬ 
ica, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 6, p. 263, pi. 25, fig. 50. 

1912. Lichenopora verrucaria Osburn, Bryozoa of the Woods Hole region, Bulletin Bureau of Fish¬ 
eries, vol. 30, p. 219, pi. 18, fig. 13. 

1912. Lichenopora verrucaria Nordgaard, Due d’Orleans, Campagne arctique de 1907, p. 25. 

1912. Lichenopora verrucaria Gtjerin-Ganivet, Contributions a l’4tude des Bryozoaires des cotes 
armoricaines, III, Bryozoaires de la region de Concarneau et de l’Archipel de Glenan, 
Travaux scientifiques du laboratoire de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 4, p. 22. 

1918. Lichenopora verrucaria Nordgaard, Bryozoa from the Arctic region, Tromso Museums Aars- 
chefter, vol. 40, (1917), p. 21. 

Variations. —The oeciostome of our ovicelled specimen was well preserved in 
form, very large, salient, and auricular. Unfortunately it was broken in cleaning 
the specimen. It was larger than the oeciostomes figured by Smitt and by Miss 
Robertson, and it corresponded more to Osburn’s figure. 

This is a polar species, as it does not pass beyond the fortieth parallel in the 
Atlantic and the thirtieth parallel in the Pacific. This is the first time that it has 
been found fossil. 




206 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Occurrence.—Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (very 
rare). 

Habitat .—Arctic Ocean: Finmark, Spitzberg, Kara Sea (166-216 pieters), Green¬ 
land, Jean Mayen (160-180 meters), Sea of Barents, Iceland (162 meters). Atlantic: 
Scandinavia (6-24 meters), Denmark (13-18 meters), England, Labrador (24 
meters), Canadian coast (11-97 meters), United States to the fortieth parallel. 
Padfic: Alaska and California. 

Verrill has observed this species at 56 meters with a temperature of 6.1° C. 

Plesiotype. —Cat. No. 68754, U.S.N.M. 

Family TRETOCYCLOECIIDAE Canu, 1918. 

Genus TRETOCYCLOECIA Canu, 1919. 

(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 826.) 

TRETOCYCLOECIA TORTILIS Lonsdale, 1845. 

Plate 28, figs. 1-12. 

1845. Heteropora tortilis Lonsdale, Report on the Corals from the Tertiary formation of North 
America, Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, vol. 1, p. 500, text figure. 

1857. Heteropora tortilis Tuomey and Holmes, Pleiocene Fossils from South Carolina, p. 16, pi. 4, 
figs. 15, 16. 

1862. Multicrescis tortilis Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary formations 
North America, Journal Academy Natural Science Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 178. 

Structure .—The zoarium is rarely globular but is almost always irregularly 
cylindrical, branched, attached to the radicells of algae. The ovicell is subor- 
bicular and regularly perforated by the tubes. It is rather deep and of variable 
dimensions. At the exterior surface the walls of the tubes are thin or thick. The 
mesopores are rare on certain branches, abundant in groups on others. This 
irregularity must correspond to conditions of equilibrium which we still do not 
comprehend very well. 

In longitudinal sections the tubes are cylindrical, bifurcating at all heights; 
their walls are vesicular. The mesopores are irregularly distributed between the 
orifices. 

In transverse sections the tubes are polygonal at the center of the zoarium. 
The mesopores are always rather short. 

In tangential sections the zooecial walls are thick. The interior walls are 
strongly calcified and appear as thin black lines separated by large clearer spaces 
corresponding to a less dense calcification. 

This is one of the most showy species of the American Miocene. 

Occurrence. —Miocene: Yorktown, Williamsburg, and 3 miles southwest of 
Petersburg, Virginia (common); Smith’s Goose Creek, South Carolina. 

Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68755, U.S.N.M. 

TRETOCYCLOECIA AVELLANA, new species. 

Plate 27, figs, 5-11. 

Description .—The zoarium is free, spherical, born on a flat surface, and of the 
size of a hazel nut, simple or lobed. The tubes are cylindrical, branched at all 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 207 

heights, separated by a thick continuous cuticle; the orifice is polygonal with 
salient peristome. The ovicell is large, irregular, surrounding a score of tubes. 

Variations. —The form of the zoarium is quite variable, but it is always a small 
globular mass simple or mammillated. It grows either on shells or on algae. The 
small pores observed on the surface of the zoarium are not mesopores but are young 
tubes in process of formation. The diameter of the normal apertures varies from 
0.12 to 0.15 mm. 

In longitudinal section the zooecial walls are not vesicular; they show along, 
minute canal corresponding to the disappearance of the cuticle which surrounded 
the tubes on a living specimen. 

Affinities. —This species differs from Tretocycloecia tortilis Lonsdale, 1845, in 
its nonarborescent zoarial form, in the smaller zooecial diameter, and in its larger 
ovicell. 

Occurrence. —Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, 
South Carolina (very rare). Miocene (Duplin marl): One-half mile above Eden- 
house Point, Chowan River, and 10 miles south of Greenville, North Carolina (rare). 

Cotypes. —Cat. Nos. 68756-68757, U.S.N.M. 

Genus PSILOSOLEN Canu and Bassler, 1922. 

1922. Psilosolen Canu and Bassler, Studies on Cyclostomatous Bryozoa, Proc. U. S. National 
Museum, vol. 61, p. 112. 

There are no adventitious tubes. The tubes are cylindrical with peripheral 
gemmation. 

Genotype.—Psilosolen capitiferax, new species. 

Range. —Pleistocene, Recent. 

The ovicell is a swelling perforated by the tubes as in the Diaperoeciidae, but 
it is not inserted in the tubes themselves. On the contrary, the ovicell is per¬ 
pendicular to the tubes and surrounds only the peristomes as in the family Tre- 
tocycloeciidae, where this new genus may be naturally classed. The ovicell is 
little convex and very different from the elongated and very salient sac of the 
Ascosoeciidae. 

It is remarkable to note again that through the geological ages it is the simplest 
form of the family that has persisted. The Cretaceous and Tertiary genera of this 
family are provided with adventitious tubes. 

PSILOSOLEN CAPITIFERAX, Canu and Bassler, 1922. 

Plate 44, figs. 11-21. 

1922. Psilosolen capitiferax Canu and Bassler, Studies on Cyclostomatous Bryozoa, Proc. U. S. 
National Museum, vol. 61, p. 112, pi. 13, fig. 8. 

Description. —The zoarium is free, with the form of Entalophora, more or less 
compressed, dichotomous; the extremity of the branches is enlarged, flattened, and 
hears the ovicell. The tubes are visible, separated by a furrow, convex, wrinkled 
transversely, somewhat widened at the summit; the peristome is thin, salient, 
elliptical or suborbicular. The ovicell is a swelling covering the extremity of a • 
branch; it is perforated by a dozen tubes, some of which are closed by a finely porous 
diaphragm. 




208 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Measurements .— 

Diameter of the peristome....0.16-0.18 mm. 

Diameter of the orifice....0.12 mm. 

Distance between the peristomes.. 0.50-1.35 mm. 

Separation of the peristomes... Variable. 

Diameter of a tube__ 0.18-0.20 mm. 


Structure .—We have made longitudinal and meridianal sections of a number 
of examples, all of which show the same structure. The zoarial form is a simple 
compression without any relationship to the structure of the species. In longi¬ 
tudinal section the tubes are cylindrical with peripheral gemmation, reproducing 
at all heights. The exterior walls of the zoarium are thick. 

The transverse section is elliptical in consequence of the compression of the 
zoarium. The tubes here are of equal size as characteristic of cylindrical tubes. 
The very small tubes scattered among the large ones are the tubes newly formed 
by peripheral gemmation which have not reached their normal diameter. 

Variations. —The peristomes are not regularly placed on the zoarium; they are 
grouped in irregular zones as in Peripora. They are little salient, but the irregu¬ 
larity of the dimensions indicates the peristome was prolonged by a very long 
peristomie broken by fossilization. 

The tube measures its greatest width in the portion where it bends away 
from the zoarium. The tubes which appear exteriorly to arise from an imme¬ 
diately inferior tube are the shorter. Those which appear to arise from before 
the last row and which slip between the proximal peristomes are the longer. 

The ovicell located at the end of the branch is not very salient. It is hollowed 
out of the zoarium itself, as is easy to verify in the sections. 

Affinities. —Our species is almost identical with Entalophora capitata Robertson, 
of whose variations we are ignorant. It differs from it in its ovicell, which com¬ 
pletely covers the end of the branch, and in the smaller micrometric dimensions 
(if the enlargement indicated on Miss Robertson’s figures is exact). 

Occurrence. —Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (very common), and Dead Mans 
Island, off San Pedro, California (rare). 

Cotypes Cat. No. 68758, U.S.N.M. 


\ 











BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE ON BRYOZOA SINCE 1899. 


The following list, arranged chronologically and alphabetically under each 
year, gives the title of papers upon both fossil and recent bryozoa issued since the 
publication of the Synopsis of American Fossil Bryozoa in 1900,® in which most of 
the papers issued before 1899 are cited. On account of the great difficulty of 
securing literature during the war and since then, it is feared that the lists for the 
last few years are quite inadequate. 


1898. 

Canu, F. Etude sur les ovicelles des Bryozoaires du Bathonien D’Occaignes. Bulletin de la Societ4 
G4ologique de France, ser. 3, vol. 26, pp. 259-285, 20 figs. 

1899. 

Allen, E. J. On the fauna and bottom deposits near the thirty-fathom line from the Eddystone 
Grounds to Start Point. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assn., vol. 5, pp. 365-542; Polyzoa, pp. 511, 512, and 
534, chart 16. 

Gregory, J. W. Catalogue Fossil Bryozoa in Department Geology, British Museum. Cretaceous 
Bryozoa, vol. 1, 457 pp. 17 pis. 

Lo Blanco, S. Notizie biologiche riguardanti specialmente il periode di maturita sessuale degli 
animali del golfo di Napoli. Mt. Stat. Neapel, vol. 13, pp. 448-573; Bryozoa, pp. 493—495. 

Marion, A. F. Notes sur la Faune des Dardanelles et du Bosphore. Annales du Musee de Marseille, 
ser. 11, vol. 1, 1898, pp. 163-182. 

Matzdorff, Carl. Jahresbericht fiber die Bryozoen ffir 1894, 1895, und 1896. Archiv ffir Natur- 
geschichte, vol. 60, pt. 2, pp. 89-126, 1894; issued July, 1899. 

Monroe, C. E., and Teller, E. E. The fauna of the Devonian formation at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 
Journal of Geology, vol. 7, pp. 272-283, lists. 

Neviani, A. Briozoi, Idroidi e Foraminiferi di Ciprio, Giaffa ed Alessandria d’Egitto. Comunicazioni 
preventiva. Bolletino della Societa Zoologica Italiana, Rome, vol. 8, p. 66. 

Odell, W. S. Notes on fresh-water Polyzoa. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. 13, pp. 107-113. 

Petty, S. L. Some Polyzoa, etc., from Walney and Bardsea, North Lancashire. Naturalist, 1899, 
pp. 59 and 60. 

Pfeffer, G. Uber die gegenseitigen Beziehungen der arktischen und antarktischen Fauna. Ver- 
handlungen der deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 1899, pp. 266-287. 

Richard, Jules. Essai sur les parasites et les commensaux des Crustaces. Archives de parasitologie, 
vol. 2, pp. 548-595. List of commensal Bryozoa, pp. 575-576. 

Scherren, H. Cristatella mucedo. Nature^ vol. 59, p. 150. (Near London.) 

Schultze, L. S. Das Verhaltnis der Regeneration und Knospung zur Keimblatterlehre. Jenaische 
Zeitsehrift ffir Wissenschaft, vol. 33, Bryozoa, p. 293. 

Thompson, D’Arcy W. On a supposed resemblance between the Marine Faunas of the Arctic and 
Antarctic Regions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 22, pp. 311-349. 

Whitfield, R. P., assisted by Hovey, E. O. Catalogue of the types and figured specimens in the 
palaeontological collection of the Geological Department, American Museum of Natural History. 
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 11, pt. 11. 

Wolleman, A., and Kloos, J. H. Ueber das Vorkommen von Bryozoen und Korallen. Jahresber, 
Verein 3 ffir Naturwissenshaft Braunschweig, vol. 11 p. 200. 

Mickies and Bassler, Bulletin 173, U. S. Geological Surrey. 

209 


/ 


l 






210 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


1900. 

Biden t kap, Olaf. Die Bryozoen, I. Teii, Die Bryozoen von Spitzbergen und Koenig-Karls-Land, 
Fauna Arctica, vol. 1, Lief 3, pp. 503-540, pis. 9-10. 

Boeggild, O. B. The deposits of the sea bottom. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, vol. 1, no. 2, 89 pp., 
7 maps, 6 figs. 

Cal vet, Louis. Contribution a l’histoire naturelle des Bryozoaires ectoproctes marins. Travaux 
Institute Zoologie de 1’University Montpellier, new ser., Memoire no. 8, 488 pp., 13 pis. 

Canu, F. Note preliminaire sur les bryozoaires de Tours. Comptes Rendus Association francaise 
Avancement Science, Sess. 2me, pp. 406-411. 

Canu, F. Contribution a la g4ologie de Romorantin Paleontologie. Bulletin Societe Geologique 
France, ser. 3, vol. 28, pp. 96-104, 7 figs. 

Canu, F. Revision des Bryozoaires du Cr4tac4 figures par D’Orbigny, 2me Pt. Cheilostomata. Bulle¬ 
tin Society Gyologique France, ser. 3, vol. 28, pp. 334^463, 4 pis., 71 figs. 

Car, L. Plumatella (Alcyonella) fungosa Pallas. (Glasnik hrvats. narav. Drustva. God., vol. 12, 
pp. 142-143.) 

Clarke, John M. The Oriskany fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia County, New York. 53d Me¬ 
moir New York State Museum, no. 3, vol. 3, Annual Report New York State Museum, 1899, vol. 2, 
pp. 1-128, 9 pis., 1 map. 

Davenport, C. B. On the variation of the Statoblasts of Pectinatella magnified from Lake Michigan. 
American Naturalist, vol. 34, pp. 959-968, 9 figs. 

Dendy, Arthur. Cryptopolyzoon an emendation in Nomenclature. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 23, 
no. 620, pp. 391-392. 

Gilson, G. Exploration de la Mer sur les cotes de la Belgique en 1889. Memoires Museum Histoire 
naturelle Belgique, pp. 1-81, 3 pis. and 10 figs. (List of Bryozoa, p. 34.) 

Harmer, Sidney F. On the Structure and Classification of the Cheilostomatous Polyzoa. Proceed¬ 
ings Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 11, pt. 1, pp. 11-17. 

Harmer, Sidney F. A revision of the genus Steganoporella. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, 
new ser., vol. 43, pp. 225-297, 2 pis. 

Hempel, E. Cristatella mucedo Cuv. aus der Gegend von Chemnitz und gesammelte Statoblasten 
desselben. Bericht der naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Chemnitz, vol. 14, pp. lxvi-lxviii. 

Ladewig, Franz. Ueber die Knospung der ektoprokten Bryozoen. Zeitschrift fur wissenshaften; 
Zoologie, vol. 67, p. 323-339, 1 pi. 

Mapplestone, C. W. Further descriptions of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, Pt. 3. Proceedings 
Royal Society, Victoria, new ser., vol. 12, pp. 162-169, 2 pis.; vol. 13, pp. 1-9,12 pis. 

Nickerson, W. S. Double Loxosomae. American Naturalist, vol. 34, pp. 891-895, 6 figs. 

Nickles, J. M., and Bassler, R. S. A synopsis of American fossil Bryozoa, Including bibliography 
and synonymy. Bulletin 173, U. S. Geological Survey, 663 pp. 

Neviani, A. Bryozoi neozoici di alcuna localita d’ltalia, pt. 6. Bollettino della Societa Zoologica 
Itaiiana. ser. 2, vol. 1, pp. 58-68. 

Neviani, A. Briozoi Terziari i Posterziari della Toscana. Bollettino della Society geologica Itaiiana, 
vol. 19, pp. 349-375, 6 figs, in text. 

Neviani, A. Monografia del Genere Idmonea (Bryozoa Ciclostomata). Pt. 1, Bibliografia generale. 
Roma, 52 pp.; pt. 2, Cap. 1° Stora del Genere Roma, pp. 53-66. 

Neviani, A. Revision Generale dei Briozoi Fossile Italia. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Itaiiana, 
vol. 19, p. 10-25. 

Nordgaard, O. Polyzoa. Den Norske Nordhavs. Expedition, Zool. no. 27. The Norwegian North 
Atlantic Expedition (1876-1878), vol. 27, 30 pp., 1 pi., 1 map. 

Ortmann, A. E. Synopsis of the collections of invertebrate fossils made by the Prince’ton Expedition 
to Southern Patagonia. American Journal Science, ser. 4, vol. 10, pp. 368-381. (Bryozoa, p. 370.) 

Philipps, E. G. Report on the Polyzoa collected by Dr. Willey from the Loyalty Isles, New Guinea 
and New Britain. Zoological Results, A. Willey,'pp. 439-450, pis. 42-43. 

Reeker, H. Ueber die Biologie der Susswasserbryozoen. Jahrbucher des nassauischen Vereins fur 
Naturkunde, Wiesbaden, 27 m. Proc. Verb., pp. 22-26. 

Remes, M. Bermerkungen iiber Susswasserbryozoen Nordmahrens. Verhandlungen der k. k. 
Zoologisch Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. 50, pp. 1-5. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


211 


Robertson, Alice. Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 6. The Bryozoa. Proceedings 
Washington Academy Science, vol. 2, pp. 315-340, 3 pis. 

Robertson, Alice. Studies in Pacific Coast Entoprocta. Proceedings California Academy Science, 
ser. 3, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 323-348, pi. 16. 

Rogers, A. F. Occurrence of the bryozoan genus Rhabdomeson in America. Kansas University 
Quarterly, vol. 9, pp. 173-174. 

Rogers, A. F. New Bryozoans from the Coal Measures of Kansas and Missouri. Kansas University 
Quarterly, vol. 9, pp. 1-12, pis. 1-4. 

Schepotieff, A. Die Pterobranchier des Indischen Ozeans Zoologische Jahrbuch vol. 28, Systematik, 
pp. 429-448, 2 pis. 

Taylor, T. H. Investigations made at the marine Biological Laboratory, Plymouth. The Embryology 
of the Polyzoa. Report 69th Meeting British Association, Dover, p. 437. 

Tretiakow, D. Bryozoa und Mollusca des Wolgathals im Government Jaroslav. Transactions Soci4t4 
St. Petersbourg, Comptes Rendus, no. 2, pp. 111-117. 

Verrill, A. E. Additions to the Tunicata and Molluscoidea of the Bermudas. Transactions Con¬ 
necticut Academy, vol. 10, pt. 2, pp. 588-594, pi. 70, 2 text figs. 

Waters, A. W. Bryozoa from Franz-Josef Land, collected by the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition in 
1896-1899. Chilostomata. Journal Linnean Society London, Zoology, vol. 28, pp. 43-105, 6 pis., 

3 figs. 

Zschokke, F. Die Tierwelt der Hochgebirgsseen. Denkschr. Schweiz. Gesellshaft, 400 pp., 8 pis. 

4 maps. (Bryozoa, pp. 115-119.) 

1901.' 

Allen, E. J., and Todd, R. A. The fauna of the Exe Estuary. Journal Marine Biological Association, 
vol. 6, pp. 295-335. Bryozoa, p. 330. 

Allen, E. J., and Todd, R. A. The fauna of the Saleombe Estuary. Journal Marine Biological Associa¬ 
tion, new ser., vol. 6, pp. 151-210. Polyzoa, pp. 204-205. 

Arnold, A. F. The sea beach at ebb tide, a guide to the study of the seaweeds and the lower forms of 
animal life found between tide marks. New York, Century Company, vol. 10, 490 pp., 600 figs. 
Review, American Naturalist vol. 35, p. 937. 

Beede, J. W., and Rogers, A. F. Coal Measures faunal studies. Kansas Quart., vol. 9, pp. 233-254. 

Blockenhorn, M. Neues zur Geologie und Palaontologie Aegyptens. Zeitschr. Deufsch. geol. ges., 
vol. 53, pp. 52-132, pis. 

Clarke, J. M. Limestones of central and western New York interbedded with bituminous shales of the 
Marcellus stage, with notes on the nature and origin of their faunas. Bull. N. Y. Museum, vol. 49, 
pt. 2, pp. 115-138, pi. 8. (Bryozoa, pp. 133 and 134.) 

Cori, C. J., and Steuer, A. Beobachtungen iiber das Plankton des Triester golfes in den Jahren, 1899 
und 1900. Zool. anz., vol: 24, pp. 111-116, with table. (Bryozoa, p. 115.) 

Cumings, E. R. A section of the upper Ordovician at Yevay, Indiana. American Geologist, vol. 28, 
pp. 361-380, 2 pis. 

Delheid, E. Bryozoaires poederliens determines par le Dr. Pergens provenant du bassin America 
(Anstruwell-Anvers). Bulletin Soci6te Geologique Beige, vol. 14, p. 332. 

Elliot, G. F. Scott; Laurie, M.; and Murdoch, J. B. Fauna of Clyde area. (Marine Polyzoi by 
A. Gray, Freshwater Polyzoa by M. Laurie.) 

Ficheur, E. Note sur le terrain carboniferien de la region d’lgli (Sahara-Oranais). Bulletin Soci6te 
Geologique France, ser. 3, vol. 28, pp. 915—926. (Bryozoa, pp. 921—922.) 

Fric, A. Die thierischen Reste der Perucer Schichten. Archives Landesdf. Bohmen, vol. 11, ppi 
163-180. 

Gadeau de Kerville, H. Recherches sur les faunes marine et maritime de la Normandie,* 3 e voyage. 
Bulletin Societe Rouen, vol. 2, pp. 145-224. (Bryozoa, pp. 206-208; listof spp. without descriptions 
locality, and depth at which found.) 

Grabau A. W. Geology and Paleontology of Eighteen Mile Creek and the Lake Shore sections of Erie 
County, N. Y. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 6. (Bryozoa, pp. 161-176, figs.) 



212 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Grabau, A. W. Guide to the Geology and Paleontology of Niagara Falls and Vicinity. Bulletin Buffalo 
Society Natural Science, vol. 7, no. 1. (Bulletin New York State Museum, No. 45, vol. 9.) 

Gray, A. Marine Polyzoa. Fauna Clyde Area. Handbook Natural History Glasgow, pp. 209-214. 

Harmer, S. F. President’s address. Bryozoa in Britain. Transactions Norfolk and Norwich Natural¬ 
ists Society, vol. 7, pp. 115-137. 

Herdman, W. A. Dredging Expeditions. Transactions Liverpool Biological Society, vol. 15. (Bryo¬ 
zoa, pp. 24, 30, and 31.) 

Kukenthal, W. Leitfaden fur das zoologische Praktikum. (Bryozoa, pp. 92-96, 2 text figs.) 

Maplestone, C. M. Further descriptions of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria. Pt. 5. Procedings Royal 
Society Victoria, new ser., vol. 13, pp. 183-190, 2 pis., pt. 6, pp. 204-213, 2 pis. 

Maplestone, C. M. On a new name Vittaticella for the polyzoan genus Caloporella McG. Proceedings 
Royal Society Victoria, new ser., vol. 13, pp. 201-203. 

Mayer, P. Bryozoa and Brachiopoda. Zoologische Jahresberr, 2 pp. Summary Zoologischer Anzeiger 
vol. 25, p. 575. 

McIntosh, W. C. The coloration of marine animals. Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 7, 
pp. 221-240. (Coloration of Bryozoa, p. 230.) 

Mudge, C. P. A textbook of zoology. London, Ed. Arnold, viii, and 416 pp. 

Neviani, A. Monografia de genere Idmonea. (Briozoo ciclostomato.) Pt. 2, Cap. 2. Storia delle 
specie, prima centuria Roma, pp. 67-98, with figs. 

Neviani, A. Briozoi neogenici delle Calabrie. Paleontographia Italica, vol. 6, pp. 115-266, 4 pis. 

Neviani, A. Note bibliografiche su lavori concernenti lo studio di alcuni Briozoari. Bollettino Societa 
Zoologica Italiana, ser. 2, vol. 11, pp. 87-92. 

Neviani, Antonio. Nuovi generi e sottogeneri di Radiolari e Briozoi fossili italiana. Bollettino 
Societa Zoologica italiana, ser. 2, vol. 2, pp. 41-43, 

Nickerson, W. G. On Loxosoma davenporti, n. sp. An Endoproct from the New England coast. 
Journal of Morphology, vol. 17, pp. 351-380, pis. 32, 33. 

Oppenheim, P. Die Priabonaschicten und ihre fauna. Paleontographica, vol. 47, pp. 137-348, pis. 
13-21. (Bryozoa, pp. 260-276.) 

Petty, S. L. Some Polyzoa, etc., of the Cumberland Coast, Naturalist, pp. 13-15. 

Sardeson, F. W. Problem of the Monticuliporoidea. Journal of Geology, .vol. 9, pp. 1-27, pi. A; pp. 
149-173, pi. 

Stenroos, K. E. Das Thierleben in Nurmijarvi See. Eine faunistischbiologische Studie Acto Soc. 
Faun. Fenn., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 38-50, 98-197, etc. 

Sturany, R. Bryozoen. Botanik und Zoologie in Osterrich in den Jahren 1850-1900. Festschrift, 
k. k. zool.-bot. Gessellschaft Wien, pp. 267-268. 

Ruedemann, Rudolf. Trenton Conglomerate of Rysedorph Hill, Rensselaer County, New York, and 
its fauna. Bulletin New York State Museum, no. 49. (Bryozoa, pp. 12-14, pis. 1, 2, 3.) 

Schulz, Karl. Untersuchungen iiber den Bau der Bryozoen mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der 
Exkretionsorgane. Archives Naturges-Jahresbiicher, vol. 67, pt. 1, pp. 115-144, pis. 6, 7, 3 figs. 

Shipley, A. E. The abysmal fauna of the Antarctic region. Antarctic Manual, chap. 18, pp. 241-275. 
(Bryozoa, p. 256.) 

Shipley, A. E., and McBride, E. W. Zoology: an elementary textbook. Cambridge Natural Science 
Manuals. Biological Series. Cambridge. (Bryozoa, pp. 282-286.) 

Smith, E. A.; Bell, F. J.; and Kirkpatrick, R. A guide to the shell and starfish galleries (Mollusca, 
Polyzoa, Brachiopoda, Tunicata, Echinoderma, and Worms), in the British Museum (Natural His¬ 
tory), London, printed for the Trustees, v and 130 pp., figs. 

Whiteaves, J. F. Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrata of Eastern Canada. Report Geological Survey 
Canada. (Separate publication), 272 pp. Bryozoa, pp. 91-114. 

Young, John. The Carboniferous Polyzoa of the Clyde Drainage Area. Elliot and others, Fauna, 
Flora, and Geology of Clyde Area, pp. 486, 489. 

Ulmer, George. Lophopus cristallinus Pall, bei Hamburg. Verhandlungen vereins naturwissen- 
schaftlichen Unterh. Hamburg, vol. 11, pp. 195-198. 

Ulrich, E. O. Maryland Geological Survey, Eocene, Bryozoa, pp. 205-222, pis. 59, 60. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


213 


1902. 

Andersson, K. A. Bryozoen wahrend der Schwedischen Expeditionen (ins Nordliche Eismeer) 1898 
und 1899 unterLeitung von Professor A. G. Nathorst und 1900 unter Leitung von Conservator G. 
Kolthoff gesammelt. Zoologischer Jahrbiich Abt. Systematik, vol. 15, pp. 537-560, 1 pi. 

Calvet, L. Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette. Travaux Institut Zoologie University Mont¬ 
pellier, ser. 2, mem. no. 11, 103 pp., 3 pi. 

Calvet, L. Bryozoaires marins des cotes de Corse. Travaux Institut de Zoologie University Mont¬ 
pellier, ser. 2, mem. no. 12, 52 pp., 2 pis. 

Canu, F. Contributions a ytude des Bryozoaires fossiles. I, Collection Campiche (Nyocomien); II, 
Collection Dutemple (Senonien supyrieur). Bulletin Sociyty Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 2, 
pp. 10-19. 

Condra, G. E. New Bryozoa from the Coal Measures of Nebraska. American Geologist, vol. 30, pp. 
337-358, pis. 18-25. 

Conte, A., and Vaney, C. Contributions a l’etude anatomique du Rhabdopleura normani Allman. 

Comptes Rendus Academie Science, Paris, vol. 135, pp. 63-65. 

Cumings, E. R. A revision of the bryozoan genera Dekayia, Dekayella, and Heterotrypa of the Cin¬ 
cinnati group, American Geologist, vol. 29, pp. 197-217, 4 pis. 

Forel, F. A. Le Leman, monographie limnologique, vol. 3, Lausanne. (Bryozoa, pp. 113-115, 
fig. 189.) 

Gardiner, C. J., and Reynolds, S. H. The fossiliferous Silurian beds and associated igneous rocks 
of the Clogher Head district (County Kerry). Quarterly Journal Geological' Society, vol. 58, pp. 
226-266 and map. 

Goette, A. Lehrbuch der Zoologie. Leipzig. Engelmann, 504 pp., 512 figs. 

Harmer, S. F. Polyzoa. Encyclopedia Brittanica, vol. 31, pp. 826-839, 6 figs. 

Harmer, S. F. On the morphology of the Cheilostomata. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 
new ser., vol. 46, pp. 263-350, 4 pis. 

Herdman, W. A. Guide to the Port Erin Aquarium. (Bryozoa, pp. 85 and 86, fig.) 

Hertwig, R. A manual of zoology. Translated from the 5th German edition by Kingsley, New 
York, Holt & Co., 704 pp. 

Kirkpatrick, R. Polyzoa. Report Collections Natural History Southern Cross, pp. 286-289. 

Labbe, A. Review of L. Calvet’s Contribution k l’histoire naturelle des Bryozoaires ectoproctes ma¬ 
rins. Thyse, Paris, 484 pp., 13 pis., 1900, Annee biol., vol. 6, p. 99. 

Landacre, F. L. Sponges and Bryozoans of Sandusky Bay. Ohio Naturalist, vol. 1, p. 96. 
Levander, K. M. Forekomsten af Bryozoo-kolonier i Nylandska skargarden. Meddelanden Societas 
Fauna et Fennica, vol. 26, p. 6. (Summary, Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 25, p. 576.) 

Levinsen, G. M. R. Studies on Bryozoa. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturalistorisk Forening 
Kjobehavn, pp. 1-31. (Summary, Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 25, p. 358.) 

Maplestone, C. M. Further descriptions of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria. Pt. 7, Proceedings Royal 
Society Victoria, vol. 15, new ser., pp. 65-74, pis. 6—8; pt. 8, vol. 15, pp. 17-27, 2 pis. 

Matzdorff, C. Jahresbericht fiber die Bryozoen ffir 1897 und 1898. Archives ffir naturgeschichte, 
vol. 61, pp. 173-198. 

Meissner, M. Iiste der von Herrn Professor Semon bei Amboina und Thursday Island gesammelten 
Bryozoan. Semon, Zool. Forschg. Malay Archip., vol. 5, pp. 727-731 ( = Denk. Ges. Jena) (n. g. 
Radulina). 

Munthe, H. Stratigrafiska studier ofver Gotlands silurlager. Geologiska Foreningens Stockholm 
forhandlingar, vol. 24, pp. 221-273. (Bryozoa mentioned in the lists of spp.) 

Neviani, A. Briozoi Ctenostomi fossili. Bollettino della Societa Geologica italiana, vol. 21, pp. 
216-220. 

Neviani, A. I. Bryozoi pliocenici e miocenici di Pianosa raccolti dal Prof. V. Simonelli e Studiate 
dal Dott. G. Gioli. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, vol. 21, pp. 329-343. 

Neviani, A. Rhyncopora incurvata n. sp. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, vol. 21, fasc. 

11, pp. 260-262, 3 figs. . 

Neviani, A. Sulla Terebripora manzonii, nella Protulophila gestroi Roverto. Bollettino della Societa 

Geologica Italiana, vol. 21, pp. 41-49. figs. 







214 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Newton, R. B., and Holland, R. On some fossils from the island of Formosa and Riu-Kiu (Loo 
Choo), Journal of the College of Science, Japan, vol. 17, art. 6, pp. 1-23, 4 pis. 

Nickles, J. M. Descriptions of New Bryozoan Homolrypa bassleri, n. sp., from the Warren beds of 
the Lorraine group. Journal Cincinnati Society Natural History, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 103-105, 5 figs. 

Nickles, J. M. The Geology of Cincinnati. Journal Cincinnati Society Natural History, vol. 20, 
pp. 49-100. 

Pearson, K. Statoblasts of Pectinatella magnified. Biometrika, vol. 1, p. 128. 

Pratt, H. S. A course in invertebrate zoology. A guide to the dissection and comparative study 
of invertebrate animals. Boston, Ginn & Co. 

Ortmann, A. E. Report Princeton University Expedition to Patagonia. Vol. 4, Paleontology, 
pt. 2, Tertiary Invertebrates. 

Remes, M. Nachtrage zur Fauna von Stramberg. I. Die Fauna des rothen Kalksteins (Nesselsdorfer 
Schichten). Beitrag Paleontolographica und Geologie Oesterreich Ungarns, vol. 24. (Bryozoa, 
P- 211.) 

Ritter, W. E. A summer’s dredging on the coast of southern California. Science, vol. 15. (Bryozoa, 
p. 62.) 

Robertson, Alice. Some observations on Ascorhiza occidentalis Fewkes and related Alcyonidia. 
Proceedings California Academy Science, ser. 3, vol. 3, Zoology, pp. 99-108, 1 pi. 

Roverto, G. Briozoi, Anellidi e Spugne perforanti del neogene ligure. Paleontographia italiana, 
vol. 8, 1901, pp. 219-234, pi. 28. 

Scharff, R. F. (Polyzoa) Report British Association, p. 229. 

Schneider, K. C. Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Histologie der Tiere. Jena. (Bryozoa, pp. 223- 
226, fig. 278.) 

Thorneley, Laura R. Polyzoa from Ballycastle and Rathlin Island. Irish Naturalist, vol. 11, p. 
161-162. * 

Tolmacev, I. P. Une espece nouvelle des Bryozoaires du calcaire carbonifere inferieure du district 
de 1’Altai. St. Petersburg, Travaux Societe Naturelle, vol. 33, 1. 

Ulmer, Georg. Etwas fiber deutsche Moostierchen. Nerthus Jahrg. 4, pp. 525-528, 541-544,11 figs. 

Vaney, C., and Conte, A. Recherches sur le bourgeonnement de Rhabdopleura normanii All. 
Comptes Rendus Academie Science Paris, vol. 135, pp. 748-750. 

Wanner, Johannes. Die Faunen der obersten weissen Kreide in des libyschen WUste. Paleonto- 
graphiea, vol. 30, pp. 91-151. 

Wiman, Carl. Uber die Borkholmer Schicht im Mittelbaltischen Silurgebiet. Bulletin Geological 
Institute, University Upsala, vol. 5, pt. 2, no. 10, pp. 149-222, pis. 5-8. 

Zykoff, W. Bemerkung zur Kenntnis der geographischen verbreitung der Sfisswasser-Bryozoengat 
tung Plumatella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 25, p. 181. 

1903. 

Adams, G. G.; Girty, G. H.; and White, D. Stratigraphy" and paleontology of the upper Carboniferous 
rocks of the Kansas section. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., no. 211, 123 pp. 

Andersson, K. A. Eine Wiederentdeckung von Cephalodiscus (McIntosh). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 
vol. 26, pp. 368-369. 

Barnes, J. On a fossil Polyzoan from the Mountain limestone, Castleton (Evactinopora Castletoni- 
ensis n. s.). Transactions Manchester Geological Society, vol. 28, pt. 9, pp. 243-245, 1 fig. 

Bassler, R. S. The structural features of the bryozoan genus Homotrypa, with descriptions of species 
from the Cincinnatian group. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 26, pp. 565-591, pis. 
20-25. 

Beede; J. W. Fauna of the Shawnee formation (Haworth), the Wabaunsee formation (Prosser), the 
Cottonwood Limestone. Coal Measures Faunal Studies II, J. W. Beede and Austin J. Rogers. 
Kansas Quarterly, vol. 1, pp. 163-181. 

Bresson, A. Etudes sur les formations anciennes des Hautes et Basses-Pyrenees (Haute Chaine). 
Bulletin Carte gdologique France, vol. 14, no. 93, pp. 1-273. 

Calvet, L. Description d’une nouvelle espece de Bryozoaire Ctenostome du genre Alcyonidium 
Lamouroux (A. brucei). Bulletin Societe Zoologique France, vol. 28, pp. 33-36, 4 figs. 


* 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 215 

Canu, F. Essal sur une eehelle de Bryozoaires pour l’etablissment des synchrenismes a grande dis¬ 
tance. Bulletin Societe G^ologique France, ser. 4, vol. 3, pp. 115-117. 

Canu, F. Note sur la Constance de la faune de la Craie de Villedieu. Bulletin Socf6t6 G£logique 
France, ser. 4, vol. 3, pp. 265-268. 

Chapman, Frederick. New or little known Victorian fossils in the National Museum. II. Some 
Silurian Molluscoidea. Proceedings Royal Society Victoria, vol. 16, new ser., pp. 60-82, pis. 10-12. 
Condra, G. E. The Coal Measures Bryozoa of Nebraska. Nebraska Geological Survey, vol. 2, pt. 1, 
168 pp., 21 pis. 

Condra, G. E. On Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek. American Geologist, vol. 31, pp. 22-24, 

lpl. 

Davenport, C. B. The animal ecology of the Cold Spring Sand Spit, with remarks on the theory of 
adaptation. Decennial Publications. Chicago, vol. 10, pp. 157-176, 7 figs. (Faunistic.) 
Destinez, P. Faune du petit-granite (T.b) de Belgique. Annales Soci4t6 geologique Belgique, vol. 
30, pt. 1, 27, pp. 71-74. 

Etheridge, R. A monograph of the Cretaceous invertebrate fauna of New South Wales. Memoir 
Geological Survey New South Wales, no. 11, vol. 12, 98 pp., 11 pis. 

Faire, J. Sur les fossiles cretaees du district de Slavianosserbsk du Government d’Ekaterinoslav. 

Charikov, Trd. Obsc. isput, prir., 38, 2, pp. 91-173, 4 pis. 

Gineste, C. L’organogenese et l’histrog&nise au point de vue phylogenique. Trans. Lab. Aracachon, 
vol. 7, pp. 87-161. 

Girty, G. H. The Carboniferous formations and faunas of "Colorado. Professional Papers U. S. 
Geological Survey, no. 16, 546 pp. 

(Girty, G. H.) Tabulated list of invertebrate fossils from the Carboniferous section of Kansas. Bui 
letin U. S. Geological Survey, no. 211, pp. 73-83. 

Hall, T. S. The possibility of detailed correlation of Australian formations with those of the Northern 
Hemisphere. Presidential address. Melbourne. (Publication not named. Recorded from sepa¬ 
rate copy.) Bryozoa, pp. 180-182. 

Hamilton, A. On the occurrence of Paludicella in New Zealand. Transactions Proceedings New 
Zealand Institute, vol. 35, p. 262-264. 

Hayes, C. W., and Ulrich, E. O. Illustration sheet, U. S. Geological Survey Geological Atlas, folio 95. 
Harmer, S. F. On new localities for Cephalodiscus. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 26, pp. 593-594. 
Henscher, J. Untersuchungen liber die biologischen und Fischereiverhaltnisse des Klontalersees. 

Pfaffikon-Ziirich, Zwingli, ser. 8, 50 pp., 1 pi., 4 figs. 

Herdman, W. A. Report of Southport meeting of the British Association. Encrusting Bryozoa form¬ 
ing calcareous masses on the sea bottom in the Gulf of Manaar. Science, vol. 48, p. 614. 
Hickson, S. J. (President’s address to the Zoological Section.) Report British Association, 1903. 

(Manchester mains choked by fresh-water Polvzoa sp.) 

Hind, W. Life zones in the British Carboniferous rocks. Report of the Committee. Report 71st 
British Association, Glasgow, pp. 288-296. 

Jacob, C. Sur la signification du gisement cenomanien a Ichtyosarcolithes St a faune du Maine de 
Saint Laurent pres Vacheres (Basses-Alpes). Comptes Rendus Academie Science, vol. 136, pp. 
703-705. 

Jordan, A. Die organischen Reste in den Bohrproben von der Tiefbokrung auf dem Schlachthofe. 

Abhandlungen naturwissenschafteichen verein zur Bremen, vol. 17, pp. 523-541. 

Jullien, Jules, and Calvet, Louis. Bryozoaires provenant des campagnes de l’Hirondelle (1886-88). 
Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques du Prince de Monaco. Fasc. 23, 188 pp., pis. 1-18, pp. 
1-120, pis. 1-15 by Jullien; pp. 120-188, pis. 16-18 by Calvet. 

Katzer, F. Grundziige der Geologie des unteren Amazonasgebietes .(des Staates Para in Brasilien). 
Leipsiz. Weber, 8 vol., 296 pp., 1 pi., 261 figs. 

Knudsen, -. (Plankton of Northern Europe.) Bulletin des resultats acquis pendant les coursee 

periodiques publie par le bureau du conseil avec l’assistance de M. Knudsen. Copenhagen, 1902- 
1903; no. 2, pp. 85-111; no. 3, pp. 147-170; no. 4, pp. 223-309; 1903-1904, no. 1, 62 pp. 


V 




216 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Korschelt, E., and Heider, K. Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Entwicklungsgeschichte der wirbel- 
losen Thiere. Allgemeiner Theil. I, II. Jena, G. Fischer. 

Kulczycki, W. Resultats des dernieres explorations sur les animaux sous-marins des oceans atlantique 
et indien. Kosmos, pp. 453^68. 

Lang, W. D. On a fossiliferous bed in the Selbornian of Charmouth. Geological Magazine, ser. 4, 
vol. 10, pp. 388-392, 1 fig. 

Lorie, J. Sondages en Zelande et en Brabant. Bulletin Societe Beige geologie, vol. 17, pp. 203-258. 

Maplestone, C. M. Further descriptions of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, pt. 9. Proceedings 
Royal Society Victoria, new ser., vol. 16, pt. 1, pp. 140-147, pi. 16, 17. 

Nelli, B. Fossili miocenici del Macigno di Porretta. Bollittino Socidtd G6ologica Italiana vol. 22, 
pp. 181-252. 

Nordgaard, O. Die Bryozoen des westlichen norwegens. Meeresfauna von Bergen, pp. 75-107,2 pis. 

Norman, A. M. Notes on the natural history of East Finnmark. Annals Magazine Natural History, 
ser. 7, vol. 11, Polyzoa, pp. 567-598, pi. 13; vol. 12, pp. 87-128, pis. 8, 9. 

Ostroumoff, A. Sur le ddvelopperaent du cryptocyste et de la chambre de compensation. Zoolo- 
gischer Anseiger, vol. 27, pp. 96-97. 

Riggenbach, E. Die Selbstverstummelung der Tiere. Ergebnissne der Anatomie und Entwick 
lungsgeschichte, 12 (Bryozoa, pp. 828-829, Abth. 2.) 

Robertson, Alice. Embryology and embryonic fission in the genus Crisia. University of California 
Publications Zoology, No. 3, pp. 115-156, pis. 12-15. 

Rowe, A. W. The zones of the white chalk of the English coast, 3, Devon, pp. 1-51, pis. 1-13; 4, York¬ 
shire, pp. 193-296, pis. 17-21. Publication Geological Association, vol. 18. 

Taylor, T. H. Investigations made at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Plymouth. The embryology 
of the Polyzoa. Report 69th British Association, Dover, p. 437. 

Todd, R. A. Notes on the invertebrate fauna and fish-food of the bays between the start and Exmouth. 
Journal Marine Biological Association, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 541-561. 

Van Beneden, E. On demande de nouvelles recherches sur Porganisation et le developpement d’un 
Phoronis, en rue d’elucider les rapports existant entre les animaux de ce genre, les genres Rhab- 
dopleura et Cephalodiscus, et le groupe des Enteropneustes. Bulletin Academie Belgique, pp. 
1216-1232. 

1904. 

Allen, E. J.; Todd, R. A.; Pace, S.; and others. Marine Biological Association. Plymouth marine 
invertebrate fauna, being notes of the local distribution of species occurring in the neighborhood. 
Compiled from the records of the laboratory of the Marine Biological Association. Journal Marine 
Biological Association, vol. 7, pt. 2, pp. 155-298, 1 chart. 

Ami, H. M. Preliminary lists of fossil organic remains from the Potsdam, Beekmantown (Calciferous), 
Chazy, Black River, Trenton, Utica, and Pleistocene formations comprised within the Perth Sheet 
(no. 119) in Eastern Ontario. Report Geological Survey Canada, Ottawa, vol. 14, pp. 80 -90. 

Anonymous Classification. Canadian Naturalist, vol. 31, pp. 210-218. (Bryozoa, p. 212, 2 figs.) 

(Anonymous.) Polyzoa as food of fishes. Pennsylvania State Department of Agriculture, Monthly 
Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 8, p. 243. 

Anonymous. An expanded polypide of Alcyonella stagnorum. Report Hastings Natural History 
Society, vol. 11, pi. opp. p. 51. 

Bogojawlenski, N. W. Zur Frage uber die Vermehrung von Zoobotryon pellucidus Ehrbg. Mt. Ges. 
Nat. Moskau, vol. 98. Review by Adelung, Zoologische-Centralblatt, vol. 11, pp. 250-251. 

Bolton, H. The paleontology of the Lancashire Coal Measures. Transactions Manchester Geological 
Society, vol. 28, pt. 1, pp. 378-420; pt. 2, pp. 578-650; pt. 3, pp. 668-689. 

Bonarelli, G. Appunti sulla costituzione geologica dell’isola di Creta. Atti Accademia pontifica dei 
Nuovi Lincei, ser. 5, vol. 3, pp. 518-548, 1 pi. 4 figs. (Bryozoa, pp. 536 and 537 by Neviani.) 

Boveri, T. Ergebnisse uber die Konstitution der cliromatischen Substanz des Zellkems. Jena, 130 
pp., 75 figs. Review by Fick, Zoologisches Centralblatt, vol. 11, pp. 97-99. 

Calvet, Louis. Bryozoen. Ergebnisse der Hamberger Magalhaensiche Sammelreise, 1892-93, vol. 3, 
45 pp. 3 pis. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


217 


Cal vet, Louis. Diagnoses de quelques especes de Brvozoaires nouvelles ou incompletement decrites 
de la region sub-antarctique de l’ocean Atlantique. Bulletin Society zoologique France, vol. 29, 
p. 50-59. 

Calvet, Louis. La distribution geographique des Bryozoaires marins et la theorie de la bipolarite. 
Comptes Rendus Acadeniie Science, vol. 138, pp. 348-387. 

Canu F. Bryozoa. Pal. Univ. Pustulopora semiclausa, 6 figs., with diagnosis. 

Canu, F. Bryozoaires fossiles d’Egypte, I. Bulletin institut Egypte, ser. 4, vol. 4, pp. 223-229, 2 pis., 
5 figs. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires du Patagonien 4chelle des Bryozoaires pour les terrains tertiares. Memoires 
Soci6te g4ologique France, Paleontologie, vol. 12, no. 33, 30 pp., 5 pis., 6 figs. 

Canu, F. Etude des Bryozoaires tertiares recuellis en 1885 et 1886 par M. Ph. Thomas dans la region 
sud de la Tunisie. Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie, pp. 1-37, 3 pis. 

Canu, F. Contributions a 1’etude des Bryozoaires tertiaires, III. Description de quelques Membran- 
ipores de Tunisie. Bulletin Societe Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 3, pp. 659-660, 1 pi. 

Chirica, C. Notes sur les Bryozoaires de Roumanie. Annales Scientifique de Universite de Jassy, 
vol. 3, pp. 4-14. 

Claus and Grobben. Lehrbuch der Zoologie, begriidet von C. Claus neu bearbeitet von Karl Grobben. 
Marburg, 1904, 480 pp., 507 figs. Review by Schuberg, Zoologishes Centralblatt, vol. 11, pp. 233- 
238. 

Clarke, J. M. Stratigraphic and paleontologie map of Canandaigua and Naples quadrangles. Report 
New York Museum, vol. 2, App. 4, and Bulletin 63, pp. 1-76. (Bryozoa, pp. 46 and 53.) 

Couffon, O. Etude critique sur le3 faluns du Haguineau. Bulletin Societe Angers, vol. 33, pp. 35-85. 
Cyclostomata, p. 44; Cheilostomata, p. 48; list of 36 spp. 

Cumings, Edgar R. Development of some Paleozoic Bryozoa. American Journal Science, ser. 4, 
vol. 17, pp. 49-78, 83 figs. 

Davenport, C. B. Report on the fresh-water Bryozoa of the United States, Proceedings U. S. National 
Museum, vol. 27, pp. 211-221, pi. 17. 

Diener, C. Himalayan Fossils. Permian fossils of the Central Himalayas. Memoirs Geological 
Society of India. Paleontologia Indica, vol. 15, 204 pp., pis. 1-10. (Bryozoa, p. 199.) 

Drevermann, F. Die Fauna der Siegener Schichten von Seifen unweit Dierdorf (Westerwald). Pal- 
aeontographia 1, 6, pp. 229-282. 

Entz, G. Az edesvizek elete. Termes. Kozl. Magyar Tars., pp. 616-636, 9 text fig. 

Etheridge, R. Determinations of palaeozoic and mesozoic fossils. Record Geological Survey, Vic¬ 
toria, vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 10-12. 

Foerste, A. F. Silurian and Devonian limestones of Tennessee and Kentucky. Bulletin Geological 
Society America, XI, pp. 395-445, 8 figs. 

Foerste. A. F. The Ordovician-Siiurian contact in the Ripley Island area of southern Indiana, with 
notes on the age of the Cincinnati geanticline. American Journal Science, ser. 4, vol. 18, pp. 
323-342, 1 pi. 

Fowler, G. H. Notes on Rhabdopleura normani Allman. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Society, 
n. s., vol. 48, pp. 23-31, 1 pi. 

Fox-Strangways, C. The geology of the Oolitic and Cretaceous rocks south of Scarborough. Memoir 
Geological Survey England and Wales, Nos. 54 and 55, pp. 1-112, 11 pis., 12 text figs. Lists of spp. 
found. 

Garrard, M. A. Fresh water Polyzoa. Journal Northamptonshire Natural History Society Field 
Club,’vol. 12, p. 158-164. 

Gilson, G. Explorations de la mer sur les cotes de la Belgique en 1899. Memoires Museum Belgique, 
vol. 1, 81 pp. 

Grabau, A. W. Paleozoic coral reefs. Bulletin Geological Society America, vol. 14, pp. 337-352, pis. 
47 and 48. Bryozoan reefs, p. 348. 

Grantz, _. Pflanzengeographisches und Floristisches von Chemnitz. Bericht der naturwissen- 

schaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Chemnitz, vol. 15, p. 1, (Abhandlungen); (Alcyonella fiingosa.) 

Hall. T. S. Remarks on the deposits. Appendix to Maplestone’s tabulated list. Proceedings Society 
Victoria, vol. 17, pt. 1, pp. 218-219. 

12184—23—Bull. 125-15 




218 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Hayden, H. H. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Memoir Geological Survey, India, No. 
36, pp. 1-129. 

Hind. W. On the homotaxial equivalents of the Lower Culm of North Devonshire. Geological Mag¬ 
azine, vol. 1, pt. 8, pp. 397-403. 

Hinde, G. J. On the zones of Marsupites in the chalk at Beddington, near Croydon, Surrey. Geo¬ 
logical Magazine, vol. 1, pt. 10, pp. 482-487. 

Holm, G. Paleontologiska notiser. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning Serien, afh. No. 179, 104 pp., 
14 pis. 

Holmes, W. Murton. List of fossils collected (Surrey), P. Croydon Club, 1903 and 1904, pp. 45 and 46. 

Hudleston, W. H. On the origin of the marine (halolimnic) fauna of Lake Tanganyika. Geological 
Magazine, vol. 7, pp. 337-382, 2 pis. 

Hurrell, H. E. Polyzoa. Transactions Norfolk Society, vol. 7, p. 755. 

Jukes-Browne, A. J. The Cretaceous rocks of Britain. The upper chalk of England. Memoir Geo¬ 
logical Survey of the United Kingdom, 33, 566 pp. Important list of Bryozoan species, pp. 484-493. 

Karaskasch, N. I. Note sur la faune contenue dans les galets de Bolschezemelskaia toundra. Protok 
St. Peterb. Obshch., vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 130-146. (French summary, p. 162.) 

Kishinouye, K. Notes on the natural history of corals. Journal Imperial Fisheries Bureau Tokyo, 
vol. 14, pt. 1, 32 pp., pis. 1-9. 

Kitson, A. E. Report on the Bryozoan limestone at Flinders. Record Geological Survey, Victoria, 
vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 44-51. List of species found. 

Kitti, E. Geologie der Umgebung von Sarajevo. Jahrbuch geologischen Reichasant. Wien, vol. 53, 
pp. 515-748, 3 pis. 47 figs. 

Knipowitsch, N. Explorationszoologiquessur lebateaucasse-glace “Ermak” enet4 de 1901. Annales 
Museum Zoologique Academie St. Petersburg, vol. 6, pp. 1-20, 1 pi. 

Koford, C. A. Biological survey of the waters of southern California at San Diego. Science, vol. 19, 
pp. 505-508. 

Lamplugh, S. W.; Kilroe, J. R.; McHenry, A., Seymour, H. J.; Wright, W. B.; and Muff, H. B. 
The geology of the county of Belfast. Memoir Geological Survey Ireland, 166 pp. 

Lang, W. D. The Jurassic forms of the “genera” Stomatopora and Proboscina. Geological Magazine, 
dec. 5, vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 315-322, text figs. 

Lauterborn, R. Beitrage ziir Fauna und Flora des Oberrheins und seiner Umgebung. Mittheilungen 
der Pollichia eines naturwissenschaft Vereins der Rheinplatz Durkheim, Jahrbuch 60, no. 19, pp. 
42-130. 

Lebedinsky, G. Die Embryonale Entwicklung der Pedicellina. Travaux Societe Naturelle St. Peters- 
bourg, Comptes Rendus, vol. 35, livr. 1, p. 468-471. 

Lhomme. Coquilles fossiles trouvees en 1903 dans les sables de Saint-Gobain (Ypr5sien). Feuille de 
jeunes naturalists, ser. 4, vol. 34, pp. 103-106. List of spp. collected. 

Linder, C. Etude de la faune pelagique du Lac de Bret. Revue Suisse Zool, vol. 12, pp. 144-158, 
pi. 4. 

Lindinger, L. Verzeichnis der in und um Erlangen beobachteten Mollusken. Anhang: Ein neurer 
Fundort von Cristatella mucedo Cuv. Abh. nat. Ges. Niirnberg, vol. 15, pp. 65-84. 

Lohmann, H. Eier und sogennante Cysten der Plankton-Expedition. Anhang: Cyphonautes. Ergebn 
Plankton-Expedition, vol. 4, pp. 1-61, pis. 1-7. 

Lomas, J. On Polyzoa as Rock-cementing organisms. Report 73d Meeting British Association Advance¬ 
ment Science, pp. 663-664. 

Longchamps, M. de Selys. Developpement postembryonnaire et affinities des Phoronis. Memoire 
Academie Belgique, vol. 1,150 pp., 7 pis. Affinities with Bryozoa, pp. 129 and 130. 

Loppens, K. Sur une variate de Membranipora membranacea L., et sur quelques animeaux marins vivant 
dans l’eau saumatre. Annales Societd Zoologique Belgique, vol. 38, Bulletin, pp. 152 and 153. 

Loppens, K. Bryozoaires et Cnidozoaires nouveaux pour la faune Beige trouves par la plupart 
pendant l’annde 1903. Bulletin Societe Zoologique Belgique, vol. 39, pp. 65-67. 

Luther, A. PlankyologiskaochhydrofaunistiskastudieriLojosjo under sommaren 1901. Meddelanen 
Sociite Fauna Fennica, vol. 28, A, pp. 52-55. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


219 


Maehrenthal, F. C. v. Entwurf von Regeln der Zoologischen nomenclatur. Als Grundlage fur eine 
Neubearbeitung der internationalen Regeln der intemationalen nomenclatur. Zoologischer An- 
zeiger, vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 89-138. 

Maplestone, C. M. Notes on the Victorian fossil Selenariidae, and descriptions of some new species 
(Recent and Fossil). Proceedings Royal Society Victoria, new. ser., vol. 16, pp. 207-216, 2 pis. 

Maplestone, C. M. Tabulated list of the fossil Cheilostomatous Polyzoa in the Victorian Tertiary 
deposits. Proceedings Royal Society Victoria, new ser., vol. 17, pp. 182-217. 

Marchal, P. Recherches sur la biologie et le d6veloppement des Hymenopteres parasites, 1. La 
polyembryonie specifique ou germinogonie. Archives zool. exp., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 257-335, pis. 
9-13. Relations of germinogony to ontogeny of Bryozoa, pp. 322-324. 

Matzdorff, C. Jahresbericht iiber die Bryozoen fur 1899-1902. ArchivesNaturges., 1897, vol. 2, pt. 3, 
pp. 97-146. 

Meyer, E. (Affinities of Bryozoa.) Zoologische Jahrbiicher Anat., vol. 21, pt. 2, pp. 21-34. 

Michaelsen, W. Revision der composition Styeliden oder Polyzoinen. Mittheilungen Naturhis- 
torischen Museum Hamburg, vol. 21, pp. 1-124, 2 pis. Affinities of Bryozoa discussed. 

Munthe, H. Stratigrafiska studier ofver Gotlands Silurlager. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, no. 
192, 55 pp. 

Neviani, Antonio. Appunti sui Briozoi del Mediterraneo, II. Bollettino Societal Zoologica Italiana, 
anno 13, p. 1-3. 

Neviani, A. Schizotheca serratimargo Hincks sp. Bollettino Society Geologica Italiana, vo 1.23, 
fasc. 11, p. 270-276. 

Nobre, A. Subsidios para o estudo da fauna marinha do norte de Portugal. Annales Sciencias Natu- 
rales, Porto, vol. 8, pp. 37-94. (Bryozoa, pp. 78-86.) 

Nobre, A. Subsidos para o estudo da fauna marinha do sul de Portugal. Annales Sciencias Naturaes, 
Porto, pp. 153-160. (Bryozoa, p. 159, 18 spp.) 

Parks, W. A. Devonian fauna of Kwataboahegan River (Ontario). Bureau of Mines, Report 1904, 
pt. 1, Bryozoa, p. 185. 

Parks, W. A. A remarkable parasite from the Devonian rocks of the Hudson Bay slope. American 
Journal Science, ser. 4, vol. 18, pp. 135-144. 

Parkinson, J. H. The zoning of the culm in South Germany. Geological Magazine, ser. 5, vol. 1, pp. 
272-276. 

Polenoff, B. Description g6ologique de partie nord-ouest de la 15me feuille du VIII zone et de la 
partie sud-ouest de la 15me feuille du VII zone de la carte generale du gouvernement Tomsk. 
Travaux geologique St. Petersburg, vol. 3, pp. 133-339. 

Prochazka, V. J. Das ostbohmische Miocaen. Arch. nat. Bohmen, vol. 10, pt. 2,173 pp., 72 fig. 

R\nge, P. Das Diluvialgebiet von Lubeck und seine Dryastone nebst einer vergleichenden Besprech- 
ung der Glazialpflanzen fuhrenden Ablagerungen iiberhaupt. Zeitschrift Naturwissenschaften, 
vol. 76, pp. 161-273, 1 pi. (Bryozoa, p. 238.) 

Ransome, F. L. The geology and ore deposits of the Bisbee Quadrangle, Arizona. Professional Papers 
U. S. Geological Survey, 21,112 pp. (Lists of species, pp. 36-38.) 

Retzius, G. Zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Evertebraten. Biol. Untersuchen, vol. 11, pp. 1-32, 
pis. 1-13. 

Riche, A. Etude stratigraphique et paleontologiqufc sur la zone it Lioceras concavum du Mont d’Or 
Lyonnais. Annales University Lyon, fasc. 14, 252 pp., 8 pis. (Bryozoa, p. 207, note of occurrence.) 

Rosenfeld, G. Studien fiber das Fett der Meeresorganismen. Wissen-Meeresuntersuch, vol. 5, pi. 21 
pp. 57-85. 

rfoussEL, M. Tableau stratigraphique des Pyrenees. Bulletin Carte geologique France, vol. 15, 
no. 97, pp. 1-116, 3 pis., 66 figs. 

Rousselet, Charles F. On a new fresh-water Polyzoon from Rhodesia, Lophodella thomasi gen. 
et sp. nov. Journal Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 45-46, 1 pi. 

Schepotieff, A. Zur organisation von Rhabdopleura. Bergens Museums Aarbok, no. 2, 21 pp., 
3 pis. (Faunistic.) 

Seelingerq, O. Ueber die Larven und Vervvandtschaftbeziehungen der Bryozoen. Archives Ver. 
Freunde Nat. Mecklenburg, Jahrg. 58, pp. 30-37. 


220 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Stiasxy, Y. Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Exkretionsapparates der Entoprocta. Arbeiten zoologischen 
Instituten Wien, vol. 15, pp. 183-196, 1 pi. 

Stuckexberg, A. Coraux et bryozoaires recueillis par N. Sibirtzen dans le government de Vladimir. 
Bulletin Comite Geologique, vol. 23, pp. 497-502. 

Stuckexberg, A. Antbozoen und Bryozoen des unteren Koklenkalkes von Central Russland. Me- 
moires du Comite Geologique, new ser., vol. 54, pp. 68-199, 9 tables. 

Touxa, Franz. Geologische Beobdachtuengen auf einer Reise in die Gegend von Silistra und in die 
Dobrudscha im Jahre 1892. Jahrbuch geologischen Reichs-Anstalt, vol. 54, pp. 1—46, 3 pis. 

Ulrich, E. 0., and Bassler, R. S. Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, Bryozoa, pp. 404-429, pi. 
109-118. 

Ulrich, E. O., and Bassler, R. S. A revision of the Paleozoic Bryozoa. I. On genera and species 
the Ctenostomata. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 45, pp. 256-294, 4 pis., 2 figs. 

Ulrich, E. O., and Bassler, R. S. A revision of the Paleozoic Bryozoa. Pt. 2. On genera and species 
of Trepostomata. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, vol. 47, pp. 15-55, 9 pis. 

Ussing, N. V. Danmarks Geologi i almenfatteligt Omrids. Danmarks geologiske undersogelse, vol. 3, 
pt. 2, pp. 1-359, 3 pis. 

Vaxhoffen, E. Die Tierwelt des Sfidpolargebiets. Zeitschrift Gesellshaft Erdkunde zu Berlin, pp. 
362-370, 11 figs. 

Verrill, A. E. Additions to the Tunicata and Molluscoidea of the Bermudas. Transactions Con¬ 
necticut Academy, vol. 10, pt. 2, pp. 588-594, 4 figs. 

Verrill, A. E. Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes 
on other species. Transactions Connecticut Academy, vol. 11, pp. 15-62, pis. 1-11. (Bryozoa, 
p. 54, list of species only.) 

Verrill, A. E. The Bermuda Islands. Transactions Connecticut Academy, vol. 11, pi. 2, pp. 413-913 

Waters, A. W. Bryozoa from Franz-Josef Land, collected by the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition 
1896-97. Pt. 2, Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata, and Endoprocta. Journal Linnean Society London, 
Zoology, vol. 29, pp. 161-184, 3 pis. 

Waters, A. W. Resultats Voyage Belgica. Zoologie, Bryozoa, 114 pp., 9 pis., 3 figs. 

Weigelt, C. L'assainissement et le repeuplement des rivieres. Memoir Cour. Academie Belgique, 
no. 64, (Bryozoa, p. 516, fig. 83). 

Wesexberg-Luxd, C. Studien over Danske Soers Plankton. Speeielle Del. (English summary) 223 
pp. Copenhagen, 1904. (Review by Zschokke, Zoologischer Centralblatt, vol. 11, pp. 680-687. 

Whiteaves, J. F. Preliminary list of fossils from the Silurian (Upper Silurian) rocks of the Ekwan 
River and Sutton Mill Lakes, Keewatin, collected by D. B. Dowling in 1901, with descriptions of 
such species as appear to be new. Report Geological Survey, Canada, vol. 14, pt. F, pp. 38-59. 

Whitfield, R. P. Notice of a new genus and species of Lower Carboniferous Brvozoan. American 
Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, vol. 20, p. 469, pi. 11. 

Wollemann, A. Ein Aufschluss im Mukronatensenon bei Rotenkamp, nordwestlich von Konigslutter, 
vol. 13. Jahresbericht Vereins fur Naturwissenschaften, Braunschweig, pp. 40-42. 

Wolterstrorff, W. Beitrage zur Fauna der Tucheler Heide. Bericht fiber eine Zoologische Berei- 
sung der Kreise Tuchel und Schwetz in Jahre, 1900. Schr. Ges. Danzig, vol. 11, pts. 1 and 2, pp. 
140-234, 1 pi. 

Wood, Elvira. Marcellus (Stafford) limestones.of Lancaster, Erie County, New York. Report New 
York State Museum vol. 55, pp. 139-181. (Bryozoa, p. 156. List of species found.) 

1905. 

Ameghino, F. L’Age des Formations sedimentaires de Patagonie. Critique de Hatcher. An- 
nales Societa Argentina, vol. 51, (nos. 3 and 4) p. 65. (Bryozoa, p.J58.) 

Anonymous. The geology of the country round Cork and Cork Harbour. Memoirs Geological Survey, 
Ireland. (Geology of Cork, pp. 1-126; Bryozoa, p. 27.) 

Bidenkap, Olaf. Fortegnelse over de arktiske bryozoa. Bergens Museum Aarbok, no. 9, 79 pp. 

Brehm, V. Zur Kenntniss der Mikrofauna des Franzensbader Torfmoordistriktes Bryozoa. Archives 
Hydrobiologie und Planktonkunde, vol. 1, pp. 211-233. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 221 

Brown, E. T. Note on the pelagic fauna of the Firth of Clyde. Proceedings Royal Society of Edin¬ 
burgh, vol. 25, pp. 779-791. 

Bue.v, Odon De. La region mediterraneenne des Baleares. Bulletin Societe Zoologique France, vol., 
30, no. 5 (Bryozoa, p. 104). 

Burrow^ A. W. Note on a bryozoan attached to Neptunea found in one of the Mekran nodules. Geo¬ 
logical Magazine, ser. 2, dec. 5, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 303-305, fig. 1. 

Calvet, L. La station zoologique de Cette. Travaux Institut Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. no 15 (Bryozoa, 
list of, pp. 61-63). 

Calvet, L. Liste de Bryozoaires marins de collections du musee Royal d'Historie naturelle de Bruxel¬ 
les. Annales Society malacologique Belgique, vol. 39, pp. 1-8. 

Carez, L. La geologie des Pyrenees Francaises. Feuilles de Tarbes et Luz. Groupe primaire. Sys¬ 
tems Permien. Geol. Pyrenees. Memoires Carte Geologique France, Fasc. II (Brvozoa, pp. 797 
and 798). 

Chapman, F., and McCoy. Notes on fossil casts in Tertiary ironstone from Stawell. Victorian Naturalist, 
vol. 21, pp. 178-180. 

Clarke, J. M. Type specimens of paleozoic fossils in New York State Museum. Report New York 
Museum, vol. 56 (I-IV), and Bull. 65, pp. 1-847. (Bryozoa, pp. 94, 187, 786, 816, 817, 821, 823, 829, 
833, 839, 846.) 

Clarke, E. Fossils of Waitemata and Papakura series. Transactions New Zealand Institute, vol. 37, 
p. 413. (Bryozoa, p. 415.) 

Colgan, N. Notes on the invertebrate fauna of Skerries, County Dublin. Irish Naturalist, vol. 14, pp. 
205-213. (Bryozoa, p. 209.) 

Couffon, O. Bryozoaires. Etude critique sur les Faluns de Chalonnes. Bulletin Society Angers, vol. 
34, pp. 165-214. 

Couffon, O. Les falun3 de l’Anjon et de la Louraine dans le Saumurois. Bulletin Societe Angers, new 
ser. vol. 33, pp. 216-223. (Bryozoa, p. 218.) 

Cragin, F. W. Paleontology of the Malone Jurassic formation of Texas. Bulletin U. S. Geological Sur¬ 
vey, no. 266, pp. 172, 3 pis. 

Cumings, E. R. Development of Fenestella. American Geologist, vol. 35, pp. 50 and 51. 

Cumings, Edgar R. Development of Fenestella. American Journal Science, ser. 4, vol. 20, pp. 169-177, 
3 pis. 

Dacque, E. Beit rage zur Geologie des Somalilandes. 1 Teil, Untere Kreide. Beitrage Paleontologie 
und Geologie Osterreich-Ungarns und des Orient, vol. 17, Heft 1 and 2, pp. 7-20 (2 and 3); 2 Teil, 
Oberer Jura, Heft 3 and 4, pp. 119-160 (with pis. 14 and 18). 

Deryntghinzh, K. Otochezh po osorudovananiyn Murmanskoi Biologhicheskoi Stanju i lyetniya 
rasotzhina nei vzh 1904. Protok St. Petersberg Obshch, vol. 36, pt. 1 (2, 3), pp. 78-114: (Bryozoa, 
p. 99.) 

Desmazieres, O. Notes paleontologiques sur l’Arrondissement de Segre. Bulletin Societe Angers, 
vol. 36, pp. 123-130. 

Destinez, P. Complement de la Faune des psammites du Condroz. Annales Society geologique Bel¬ 
gique, vol. 32, pt. 2, pp. 123-127. (Bryozoa, p. 127.) 

Douglas, Earl. Some notes on the geology of southwest Montana. (Bryozoa in Carboniferous forma¬ 
tion.) Annales Carnegie Museum, p. 419. 

Dublin, L. The history of the germ cells in Pedicellina americana. (American Society Zoology) Science, 
p. 381, new ser., vol. 21. 

Dublin, L. The'history of the germ cells in Pedicellina americana (Leidy). Annals New York Acad¬ 
emy Science, vol. 5, pp. 1-55, 3 pis., 2 figs. 

Dublin, L. On the Nucleoli in the Somatic and germ cells of Pedicellina americana. Biological Bul¬ 
letin, vol. 8, pp. 345-364, 14 figs. 

Fearnsides, W. G. On the geology of Arenig Fawe and Moel Llynfnant. Quarterly Journal Geological 
Society, vol. 61, pp. 608-637, 1 pi., 1 map, 2 figs. 

Fox-Strangeways, C. Carboniferous limestone fossils from South Derbyshire. Memoir Geological 
Survey United Kingdom, no. 141 (Bryozoa, p. 15). 


t 



222 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Fox, Howard. Further notes on the Devonian rocks and fossils in the parish of St. Minver. (With 
notes by F. A. Bather, G. C. Crick, W. A. E. Ussher, and H. Woodward). Penzance, Transactions 
Royal Geological Society Cornwall, vol. 13, pp. 33-87. 

Hallez, Paul. Rh<k>tropisme de quelques Hydroides monosiphones et des Bugula. Comptes Rendus 
Academy Science Paris, vol 141, p. 840-843. 

Hallez, Paul. Notes Fauniques. Bryozoaires, Archives Zoologue experimentale et generale Zool. 
Exp., ser. 4, vol. 3, p. 49. 

Harbort, E. Die Fauna der Schaumburg-Lippeschen Kreidemulde Berlin, Abhandlungen der kgl. 
preussischen geologischen Landesanstalt, vol. 45, pp. 1-112. 

Harmer, S. F. The Pterobranchia of the Siboga Expedition, with an account of other species. Siboga 
Expedition Monograph, no. 26,132 pp., 14 pis., 2 figs. 

Hennig, Anders. Gotlands Silur-Bryozoer, I. Arkiv for Zoologi K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens i 
Storkholm, vol. 2, no. 10, 37 pp., 2 pis., 35 figs. 

Hudson, George H. Contributions to the fauna of the Chazy limestone on Valcour Island, Lake 
Champlain, New York State Museum, Bulletin 80, pp. 270-295. 

Johnson, Ch. W. Annotated list of the types of invertebrate Cretaceous fossils in the collection of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Proceedings Academy Philadelphia, vol. 57, pp. 
4-28. (Bryozoa, pp. 5 and 6.) 

Kazarskii, P. Materialen zur Kenntniss d. Devon-Fauna d. Urals. Trudui Kazan Univ., vol. 34, 
no. 2, pp. 1-51. (Bryozoa, p. 29.) 

Kemp, Helen P. Bryozoa. (Bibliography for 1905.) Zoological Record, London, vol. 42, p. 10. 

Klaer, H. Dyrelivet i DrObaksund. Nyt magazin Naturvidenskaberne, pp. 61-89, pis. 2 and 3. 

Knudsen, M. Ptesultats acquis pendant les courses p6riodiques Plankton (Norwegian, English, Belgian 
German, Danish, and Swedish waters). Bulletin, Conseil Permanent International pour l’explora- 
tion de la mer 1904-1905. (Cyphonautes, no. 1, d, pp. 2, 8,10,14, 18, 27, 30, 35, 42; no. 2. d, pp. 64, 
66, 72, 76, 79, 81, 83, 85, 86, 92; no. 3, d, pp. 108, 110, 114,115, 117, 124; no. 4, d, pp. 137,142, 151, 
152, 160, 176, 180.) 

Lamanski, V. Die aeltesten silurischen Schichten Russlands (Etage B). St. Petersbourg, Memoires 
comite geologique, new ser., vol. 20. 

Lang, W. D. On Stomatopora antiqua Haime and its related Liassic forms. Geological Magazine, 
dec. 5, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 258-268, table, pi. 14, text fig. 

Lankester, E. R. On a new species of Cephalodiscus from the Antarctic Ocean. Proceedings Royal 
Society London, vol. 76 B, p. 400-402. 

Lebedinsky, -. Die Embryonal entwicklung der Pedicellina echinata Sars. Biologisches Central- 

blatt, vol. 25, p. 536-548, 2 figs. 

Loppens, K. Bryozoaires. Bulletin Soci£t4 zoologique malacologique Belgique, vol. 39, p. 14. 

Maplestone, 4 C. M. Lord Howe Island Polyzoa. Proceedings Royal Society Victoria, vol. 17, pp. 
386-390, 2 pis. 

McIntosh, W. C. Budding in animals. Zoologist, January 1905, pp. 1-21. 

Meissner, Wallerlan. Ueber die Winterfauna im Kaban-See. Trudui Kazanskom Universitetye, 
vol. 39, ser. 3, 1904, pp. 1-118, 1 pi. 

Merrill, G. P. (and others). Catalogue of the type and figured specimens of fossils, etc. Bulletin U. S. 
National Museum, no. 53, pt. 1, 1905. 

Monroe, Ch. E. List of fossils from Bethany, New York (Hamilton beds). Bulletin Society Wiscon¬ 
sin, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 63. 

Munthe, Henr. Om den submorana Hernogyttijan och dess Alder. Sveriges geologiska undersokning 
Afh. Ser C. Co., vol. 196, pp. 1-32. (Bryozoa, p. 13.) 

Napsal, Dr. Seznam zkamenelin v biltem vapenci na Stramberku naizenycn. Vestnik. Ceske Ak., 
vol. 13, pp. 288-295. (Bryozoa, p. 291.) 

Napsal, Dr. Seznam zkamenelin z cerven£ho vapence koprvonickeho. Vestnik Ceske Ak., vol. 13, 
pp. 360-379. (Bryozoa, p. 361.) 

Neviani, A. Sulla Schizothcae serratimargo Hincks. Napoli. Annuario del Museo zoologico, Uni- 
vereita di Napoli, new ser. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-6. 



NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


223 


Neviani, A. Materiali per una bibliografia degli studi sui Bryozoi viventi e fossili dal 1800 al 1900. 
Bollettino Naturalista Siena, Anno 20, pp. 104-109, 122-125; Anno 21, pp. 4-8, 29-33, 47-50, 66-67, 
102,105,120-113; Anno 22, pp. 24-28, 44-47, 53-55, 71-73, 96-98; Anno 23, pp. 11-15, 31-34, 46-50, 
59-62, 75-76, 90-91, 101-102, 113, Anno 24, pp. 1-10; Anno 25, pp. 21-22. 

Neviani, Antonio. Briozoi fossili di Carrubare (Calabria). Bollettino Society Geologica Italiana, 
vol. 23 (fasc. 3.), p. 507-555, 21 figs. 

Neviani, Antonio. Di alcuni Briozoari eocenici di Villatorta (Spagna). Bullettino della Societia 
Geologica Italiana, vol. 24, p. 158-163. 

Nickles, J. M. The Upper Ordovician rocks of Kentucky and their Bryozoa. Kentucky Geological 
Survey, Bulletin no. 5, 64 pp., 3 pis. 

Nobre, A. Fauna Portugesa. Ectoprocta. Annuar Ac. Porto, 1903-4, p. 115. 

Nordgaard, O. Hydrographical and biological investigations in Norwegian fiords. Bergen Museum, 
254 pp., 21 pis. Bryozoa, pp. 164-174, pis. 3-5. 

Norman, A. M. Notes on the natural history of East Finmark. Annals and Magazine of Natural 
History, ser. 7, vol. 15, pp. 341-360, pi. 27. 

Peetz, H. de. Description geologique de la 13 feuille (X zone) de la carte generale du govemement. 
Tomsk (feuilles; Zmelnogorsk, Bieloglasowo, Loktewsky, Sawod et Kabania). Travaux Sect, 
Geol. Cab. S. M. I. St. Petersburg, vol. 6, pp. 1-273. 

Retzius, G. Zur Kenntniss der Spermien der Evertebraten. Biol. Untersuch., vol. 13, pp. 79- 
102, 8 pis. (Bryozoa, pp. 89-90.) 

Retzius, G. Das sensible Nerven system der Bryozoen. Biol. Unters., new. ser., vol. 12, p. 49-54, 
1 pi. 

Richet, —--. Generation. Diet, de Physiologie, 1905 (Bryozoa, p. 70). 

Robertson, Alice. Nonincrusting Chilostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North America. 
University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 235-322, pis. 4-16. 

Romer, F. Bericht der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellseh. in Frankf. am. Main, 1905. 
Museumsbericht, No. 1. Zool. Sammlung, p. 186. Bryozoen an d. Norwegischen Kiiste. 

Schardt u. Dubois. Descriptions G6ologiques de la region des Jura Neufchatelois. Bulletin Society 
Neuchatel, vol. 30 (1902), p. 195. (Bryozoa, pp. 268-275, 284.) 

Smy5ka, F. Novejsi nalezy v celechovskem devonu. Yestnik Klub. Prostejove, vol. 7, pp. 53-72- 
(Bryozoa, p. 61.) 

Thevenin, Armand* Note sur des Fossiles du Carbonifere infr. du Djebel Bechar (Sud Oranais). 
Bulletin Soci£te geologique France, vol. 4, no. 6 (Bryozoa, p. 820). 

Thomas, H. J. Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss der devonischen Fauna Argentiniens. Zeitschr. Deutsch. 
geol. Ges., vol. 57, no. 11 (Bryozoa, p. 287). 

Thornly, Laura R. Report on the Polyzoa collected by Professor Herman at Ceylon in 1902. Ceylon 
pearl oyster fisheries, Report to Col. Gov., pt. 4, suppl. Report no. 26, pp. 107- 130, 1 pi. 

Ulrich, E. O. Geology and general relations. In Ulrich, E. O., and Smith, W. S. T. Lead, zinc, and 
fluorspar deposits of western Kentucky. Professional Paper 36, U. S. Geological Survey, pp. 7-105, 
with plates. 

Waters, A. W. Bryozoa from near Cape Horn. Journal Linnean Society London, Zool., vol. 29, 
pp. 230-251, pis. 28, 19. 

Waters, A. W. Notes on some Recent Bryozoa in d’Orbigny’s Collection. Annals and Magazine 
Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 15, pp. 1-16, 1 pi. 

Wilson, J. Howard. The pleistocene formations of Sankaty Head, Nantucket. Journal Geology, 
Chicago, Illinois, vol. 13, pp. 713-33. 

Young, G. W. The chalk area of N. E. Surrey. Proceedings Geological Association, vol. 19, pt. 4, 
pp. 188-219. (Bryozoa, p. 217.) 

Zahalka, Cenek. Pasmo X, kridoveho utvaru v Pojizeri (Zone X of the Cretaceous of the Iser District 
of Bohemia). Prag, Sitz-Bereichte Bohmen Gesellschaft Wissenschafte, no. 17, pp. 1-184. 

Zimmer, C. Pectinatella magnified, (Leidy) in der Oder. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 29, pp. 427-428. 

Zykoff, W. Ueber das Plankton des Saisan-Sees. Bryozoa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 29, no. 15, 
pp. 477-482, 2 figs. 



224 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


1906. 

Annandale, N. Notes on the fresh-water fauna of India, no. 11. Affinities of Hislopia. Journal Pro¬ 
ceedings Asiatic Society Bengal, vol. 2, pp. 59-63, 1 fig. 

Apstein, C. Plankton in Nord- und Ostsee auf den deutschen Terminfahrten. 1 Teil. (Volumina 
1903.) Wissenschaftliche meeresuntersucliungen, Kiel, new ser., vol. 8, Abt. Kiel, pp. 1-26 and 
LIX. 

Bassler, R. S. The bryozoan fauna of the Rochester Shale. U. S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 292, 
137 pp., 31 pis. 

Bassler, R. S. A study of the James types of Ordovician and Silurian Bryozoa (with bibliography). 
Proceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 30, pp. 1-66, pis. 1-7. 

Bonnevie, Kristine. Physiologische Polyspermie. Archiv Mathematik oy Naturvidenskab, Krist- 
iania, vol. 27, no. 13, 15 pp., 1 pi. 

Boule, Marcellin, and Thevenin, Armand. Types du Prodome de paleontologie stratigraphique 
universelle de D’Orbigny. Annales Paleontologie, Paris, vol. 1, pp. 97-100, 165-72, 193-6. 

Brydone, R. M. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimmingham chalk. Geological 
Magazine, new ser., vol. 3, pp. 13-22, 72-78, 124-131, 289-300. 

Bullen, R. A. II. Notes on some Microzoa and Mollusca from East Crete. Geological Magazine, dec. 
5, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 345-358, pis. 18, 19. 

Calvet, Louis. Note preliminaire sur les Bryozoaires recueillis par les expeditions du Travaillcur 
(1881-82) et du Talisman (1883). Bulletin Museum Histoire Naturelle Paris, pp. 154-166. 

Calvet, L. Deuzieme note preliminaire sur les Bryozoaires recoltes par les expeditions du Travailleur 
(1881-82) et du Talisman (1883). Bulletin Museum Histoire naturelle, Paris, no. 12, p. 215-223. 

Clarke, J. M. Perce, a brief sketch of its geology. Report New York State Museum, vol. 57, Bulletin 
80, pp. 134-171. 

Cossman, M. Rectifications de nomenclature (Bryocryptella n. nom for Cryptella Jullein). Revue 
critique de paleozoologie, vol. 10, pp. 78-131. 

Oumings, E. R. The fauna of the Salem limestone of Indiana. 30th Annual Report Indiana Depart¬ 
ment of Geological and Natural Resources, pp. 1274—1296, pis. 27-40. 

Darton, N. H. Geology of the Bighorn Mountains. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 51, 
pp. 1-129. 

Degrange-Touzin. Le Falun de Saint-Denis. He D’Oleron (Charente-Infeijeure), Actes Societe 
Linneene de Bordeaux, 61, pp. 17-22. 

Evans, David Cledlyn. The Ordovician rocks of Western Carmarthenshire. Quarterly Journal 
Geological Society, London, vol. 62, pp. 597-643. 

Foerste, August F. Silurian, Devonian, and Irvine formations of East central Kentucky. Ken¬ 
tucky Geological Survey, Bulletin no. 7, 369 pp., 33 pi. 

Gough, Lewis Henry. Plankton collected at Irish light stations in 1904. Fish. Ireland, Scientific 
Investigations, 1904 (1906), pp. 3-79. 

Grabau, A. W. Guide to the geology and paleontology of the Schoharie Valley in eastern New York. 
New York State Museum, Bulletin No. 92. 

Hennig, Anders. Gotlands Silur-Bryozoer 2. Arkiv. for Zoologie. K. Svenska Vetenskapsaka- 
demien, Stockholm, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 1-62, 7 pis. 

Johnsen, A. Bryozoen aus dem karnisehen Fusulinenkalk. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal., vol. 2, 
Heft 3, pp. 135-160, pis. 10, 11. 

Kluge, Hermann. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Untersuchungsfahrt des deutschen Seefischerei- 
Vereins nach der Bareninsel und Westspitzbergen ausgefuhrt im Sommer 1898 auf S. M. S. Olga. 
Bearbeitet nach Sammlungen von Dr. Hartlaub . . . Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 
new ser., vol. 8, Abt. Helgoland, p. 31-55, 10 figs. 

Kohler, Walther. Siisswasser-bryozoen in geheizten Aquarien. Blatter Aquarienkunde, Magde¬ 
burg, vol. 17, p. 312. 

Kraepelin, K. Eine Siisswasserbryozoe (Plumatella) aus Java. Mittheilungen naturhistorischen 
Museum Hamberg, Jahrg. 23, p. 143-146, 3 figs. 

Kupelwieser, H. Untersuchungen fiber den feineren Bau und die Metamorphose des Cyphonautes. 
Zoologie, vol. 19, Heft 47, 50 pp., 5 pis., 8 figs. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 225 

Lang, W. D. A key to the published figures of the Cretaceous forms of the Polyzoan genus Entalo- 
phora. Geological Magazine, dec. 5, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 462-467. 

Lang, W. D. The Reptant Eleid Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 5, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 60-69, 
12 text figs. 

Lang, W. D. Brvozoa in Woods, Henry. The Cretaceous fauna of Pondoland, Cape Town. Annals 
South African Museum, vol. 4, pt. 7, pp. 282-286, pi. 33. 

Lemoine, Paul. Etudes gtiologiques dans le nord de Madagascar. Annals Hebert, vol. 3. 

Lissajous. Toarcien des environs de Macon. Macon (reprinted with corrections from Macon, Bulletin 
soctote science naturelle, vol. 2, 1902-6). 

Lomnicki, A. M. Mszywiol. Rozpiorka wieloksztaltna na raku stawowym. Kosmos Lw6w Roczn, 
vol. 31, pp. 249-256, 4 figs. (Polish.) 

Loppens, K. Bryozoaires marins et fluviatiles de la Belgique. Annals Societe Zoologique malacolo- 
gique Belgique, vol. 41, pp. 286-321, 50 figs. 

Loppens, K. Bryozoaires nouveau pour la faune beige. Bulletin Society Royale zoologique mala- 
cologique Belgique, vol. 40, p. 49. 

Loppens, R. Contributions a l’etude des Bryozoaires de Belgique. Soctote zoologique malacologique 
Belgique, vol. 41, pp. 130-136. 

Loppens, K. Plumatella repens L. vivant dans l’eau saumatre. Bulletin Soci4t4 Royale zoologique 
malacologique Belgique, vol. 40, pp. 49, 50. 

Loppens, K. Sur quelques varietes de Membranipora membranacea L. vivant dans l’eau saumatre 
Annals Biol, lacustre, vol. 1, pp. 40-42, 4 figs. 

Mercini, C. L’ Infratius del M. Melbe presso Perugia. Pisa, Proc. verb. Soc. tosc. sc. nat., vol. 15, 
pp. 49, 50. | 

Marquand, E. D. The Zoophytes (Hydroida and Polyzoa) of Guernsey. (Including records by A. M. 
Norman.) Guernsey, Transactions Society Natural Science, pp. 164-176. 

Mayer, Paul. Bryozoa und Brachiopoda (Bibliography for 1905). 2 vol. Jahresber., Berlin, 
pp. 1-3. 

Neviani, A. Briozoi viventi e fossili illustrati da Ambrogio Soldani neli’ opera Testaceographia ac 
zoophytographia parva et micoscopia (1789-1798). Bollitino Societia Geologica Italiana, vol. 25, 
pp. 765-785. 

Neviani, A. Briozoi ritenuti nova de Mi till. Bollettino Societia Zoologique Italiana, ser. 2, vol. 7 
fasc. 4-6, pp. 184-190, 1 fig. 

Nichols, A. A new Irish Polyzoon (Hypophorella expansa Ehlers). Irish Naturalist, vol. 15, p. 87. 

Nordgaard, O. Bryozoa from the second Fram expedition 1898-1902. Report second Norwegian 
arctic expedition of the Fram, no. 8, pp. 1-44, pis. 1-4. 

Nordgaard, O. Die Bryozoen des westlichen Norwegens. Bergen Museum Meeres-fauna von 
Bergen, pp. 73-112, 2 pis. 

Norman, A. M. Greenlandic Polyzoa. Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 17, p. 90-93. 

Oka, Asajiro. Tansui-Kokemushi noichi shin shu. (On a new species of fresh-water Polyzoa.) Dobu- 
tsugaku Zasshi, Tokyo, vol. 6, 1908, pp. 307-310. 

Retzius, Gustaf. Die spermien der Bryozoen. Biol. Untur., new ser., vol. 13, pp. 45-48, pi. 1, 1 fig. 

Pace, R. M. On the early stages in the development of Flustrella hispida (Fabricius) and on the exis¬ 
tence of a “yolk nucleus” in the egg of this form. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, vol. 
50, pp. 435-478, 4 pis. 

Ridewood, W. G. A new species of Cephalodiscus, from the Cape Selas. Maritime Investigation South 
African Department of Agriculture, vol. 4, pp. 173-192, 3 pis., 5 figs. 

Romer, Otto. Untersuchungen fiber die Knospung. Degeneration und Regeneration von einigen 
marinen ectoprocten Bryozoen. Zeitschrift wissenschaftliche zoologie, vol. 84, pp. 446-478, 2 pis. 

Sacco, Federico. Les Stages et les faunas du bassin tortiaire du Piemont. Boll. geol. soc. France, 
vol. 5, pp. 893-916. 

Sacco, Federico. La questione eomiocenica dell’Appenino. Roma, Bollittino Societia Geologica 
Italiana, vol. 25, pt. 1, pp. 65-127. 

Schepotieff, A. Die Pterobranchier, anatomische und histologische, untersuchunger fiber Rhabdo- 
pleura normanii Allmann und Cephalodiscus dodecalophus M. Int. 1 Teil . . . Zoologische 
Jahr. Abt. Anat., vol. 23, pp. 463-534, 9 pis. 




226 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Seeliger, Oswald. Ueber die Larven und Yerwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Brvozoen. Zeitschrift 
wissenschaftliche Zoologie, vol. 84, pp. 1-78, 4 pis., 4 figs. 

Seely, H. M. Beekmantown and Chazy formations in the Champlain Valley. Report Geological 
Survey Vermont, vol. 5, pp. 174-187 with plates. 

Siemiradzki, Josef. Monografia warstw paleozoicznych Podola. Krakow. Bull. Intern. Acad., 
pp. 23-32. 

Siemiradzki. Josef. Die Paleozoischen Gebilde Podoliens. Wien, Beitrg. Pal. Geol., Vest-Ung., vol. 
19, pp. 173-286. 

Silbermann, Samuel. Untersuchungen fiber den feineren Bau von Alcyonidium mytili. Archives 
Naturges. Jahrg. 72, vol. 1, p. 265-310, 2 pis. 

Thevenin, A. Types du Prodome de Paleontologie stratigraphique universelle de D’Orbigny. An- 
nales de paleontologie, vol. 1, pp. 1-7, pis. 8, (fig. 1) 9, (fig. 11), 12 (fig. 111). 

Ulrich, E. 0. Pleistocene Bryozoa. Maryland Geological Survey, Pliocene-Pleistocene, pp. 210-212, 
with figs. 

Vadisz, M. Elemer. Uber die obermediterrane Fauna von Budapest. R&kos, Foldtani Kozlony 
Budapest, vol. 36, pp. 256-283, 323-351, with plates. 

Vaney, C., and Conte, A. Recherches sur le Rhabdopleura normanii Allman. Anatomie, bourgeonne- 
ment et affinities. Revue suisse Zoologique, vol. 14, pp. 143, 183, 4 pis. 

Waters, A. W. Bryozoa from Chatham Island and d’Urville Island, New Zealand . . . Annals 
Magazine Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 17, pp. 12-23, pi. 1. 

Weeks, Fred Boughton. Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petro¬ 
logy, and mineralogy for the years 1901-1905, inclusive. Bulletin U. S. Geological Survey, no. 301. 

Weltner, W. Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy) bei Berlin. Archives Naturges, Jahrg. 72, vol. 1, pp. 
259-264, 3 figs. 

White, Harold J., Osborne and Treacher, Llewellyn. The phosphatic chalk of Winterbourne 
and Boxford (Berkshire). Quarterly Journal Geological Society, London, vol. 62, pp. 499-522. 

Whiteaves, J. F. 2. The fossils of the Silurian (Upper Silurian) rocks of Keewatin, Manitoba, the 
northeastern shore of Lake Winnipegosis, and the lower Saskatchewan River. Ottawa, Geological 
Survey Canada, Pal. Fossils, vol. 3, pp. 243-98. 

Wilcox, A. W. Locomotion in young colonies of Pectinatella magnifica. Biological Bulletin of the 
Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, vol. 11, pp. 245-252, 2 pis. 

Woods, Henry. The Cretaceous fauna of Pondoland (the Polyzoa by W. D. Lang). Cape Town, 
Annals South African Museum, vol. 4, pp. 275-350. 

t 

1907. 

Annandale, N. The fauna of brackish ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, pt. 6. Observations 
on the Polyzoa, with further notes on the ponds. Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 1, pp. 197- 
205, 3 figs. ^ 

Annandale, N. The fauna of brackish ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, pt. 1. Introduction 
and preliminary account of the fauna. Record Indian Museum, Calcutta, vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 35-43. 

Annandale, N. Further notes on a Polyzoon from the Himalayas. Records of the Indian Museum, 
vol. 1, pp. 145-148, figs. 3. 

Annandale, N. Notes on the fresh-water fauna of India, no. 12. The Polyzoa occurring in Indian 
fresh and brackish pools. Journal and Proceedings Asiatic Society Bengal, vol. 3, pp. 83-93, 1 pi. 

Annandale, N. Statoblasts from the surface of a Himalayan pond. Records of the Indian Museum, 
vol. 1, p. 177. 

Arnold, Ralph. Geology and oil resources of the Summerland district, Santa Barbara County, Cali¬ 
fornia. (With notes and illustrations of Mollusca from the Eocene, Miocene, and Pliocene and 
Bryozoa from the Pliocene.) Bulletin U. S. Geological Survey, no. 321, pp. 1-93, pi. 

Apstein, C. Das Plancton im Colombo-See auf Ceylon. Sammelausbeute von A. Borgert, 1904-1905 
Zoologische Jahrbtich. Abtheilungen Systematik, vol. 25, pp. 201-244. 

Bather, F. A. Nathorst’s use of collodion imprints in the study of fossil plants. Geological maga¬ 
zine, London, ser. 2, dec. 5, vol. 4, pp. 437-440. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


227 


Beauchamp, P. de. Quelques observation sur les conditions d’existence des etres dans la Baie de 
Saint-Jean-de-Luz et sur la cote avoisinante. Archives zoologie experimental et general, ser. 4, 
vol. 7, Notes No. I, pp. 4-16. 

Bogolepow, M. Wachstum und Leben der Kolonien der Tendra zostericola au den Glasem der Aqua- 
rien. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 32, pp. 305-316, 7 figs. 

Bonnevie, Kristine. Untersuchungen fiber Keimzellen, II. Physiologische Polyspermie bei Bryo- 
zoen. Jenaische Zeitschrift Naturwissenschaft. vol. 42, pp. 567-598, 4 pis. 

Boule, Marcelin, and Thevenin, Armand. Types du Prodome de Pateontologie Stratigraphique 
Universelle de d’Orbigny (Contd.). Annales Pal^ontologie Paris, vol.2,pt. 4, pp. 161-172=25-36, 
pis. 23, 24, and 10. 

Brehm, V. Uber das Vorkommen von Diaptomus tatricus Wierz. in den Ostalpen und fiber Diap- 
tomus kupelwieseri nov. sp. Zugleich eine Mitteilung fiber die neue biologische Station in Lunz 
Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 31, pp. 319-328. 

Canu, P. Les Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest delaFrance. I. Aquitanien. Bulletin 
Society Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 6,pp. 510-518,pi. 12,13. 

Calvet, Louis. Bryozoaires (of the Travailleur and Talisman expeditions). Expedition scienti- 
fique Travailleur et Talisman , 1906, pp. 355-495, pis. 26-30. 

Chadwick, H. C. Report on the marine biological station at Port Erin. Liverpool Proceedings Trans¬ 
actions Biological Society, vol. 21, pp. 28-38. t 

Chimenkow, W. Zur Frage fiber den geologischen Bau der Umgebung von Chwalynsk und fiber die 
Kreide-Ablagerungen im Wolgagebiet des nordlichen Teils des Gouv. Saratow. Annuaire geolo¬ 
gique et mineralogique de la Russie Novo Aleksandrija, vol. 9, pp. 115-130. 

Clarke, John M. Some new Devonic fossils. Bulletin New York State Museum, no. 107, pp. 153- 
291, with text figs. 

Davies, A. Morley. Collodion as a preservative for fossils. Geological Magazine, London, ser. 2, 
dec. 5, vol. 4, pp. 524-525. 

Dendy, Arthur. On the occurrence of Fredericella sultana in New Zealand. Transactions New 
Zealand Institute, vol. 39, pp. 221-222. 

Destinez, P. Contribution a la faune du calcaire carbonifere. Li4ge, Annales Soci4te geologique 
Belgique, vol. 34 (1906-1907) (B 97-B 100). 

Destinez, P. Quatri&me note sur la faune du calcaire noir (V 1 a) de Petit-Modave. Liege, Annales 
Soci4te geologique Belgique, vol. 34 (B 62-B 64) (B 65-B 67). 

Dollfus, Gustave F. Faune malacologique du mioc&ne superiur de Beaulieu (Mayenne). (Etage 
redonien.) Paris, Comptes Rendus Association francaise advancement science, vol. 35 (Lyon, 
1906), pt. 2, pp. 304-315. 

Dublin, L. I. The history of the germ cells in Pedicellina americana. Annals New York Academy 
Science, vol. 17, p. 583. 

Farquhar, H. Note on the bipolarity of littoral marine fauna. Wellington, Transactions New Zealand 
Institution, vol. 39, pp. 131-135. 

Filliozat, M. Bryozoaires Cretaces de Vendome. Bulletin Soci4te Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
pp. 391-399, pi. 13, 14. 

Fucini, A. Ancora sopra l’eta del marmo giallo di Siena. Pisa, Atti societa toscana scienze naturali, 
vol. 23, pp. 3-7. 

Girty, G. H. Descriptions of new species of Upper Paleozoic fossils from China. Proceedings U. S. 
National Museum, vol. 33, p. 37-48. 

Gordon, C. H. Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) formations in the Rio Grande Valley, New Mex¬ 
ico. American Journal Science, ser. 4, vol. 24, pp. 58-64. 

Gregory, J. W. The rotiform Bryozoa of the Isle of Wight. Geological Magazine, dec. 5, vol. 4, 
no. 10, pp. 442-443. 

Grabau, A. W., and Shimer, H. W. North American index fossil. Bryozoa. School of Mines Quar¬ 
terly, vol. 28, no. 1, Bryozoa pp. 20-83, figs. 176-217. 

Hayden, H. H. The stratigraphical position of the Gangamopteris beds of Kashmir. Record Geo¬ 
logical Survey India, Calcutta, vol. 36, pp. 23-39, pis. 4-9. 

Hind, Wheelton. Life zones in British Carboniferous rocks. Part 2, The fossils of the Millstone 
grits and Pendleside series. Naturalist, London, pp. 17-23. . 






228 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Joly, Henry. Les fossiles du Jurassique de la Belgique avec description stratigraphique de chaque 
etage. Memories Museum Belgique, Bruxelles vol. 5, pp. 1-156, pis. 1-6. 

Jonker, H. G. Lijst van Geschriften welke handelen over of van belang zijn voor de Geologie van 
Nederland (1734-1906). Amsterdam, Yerhandlungen Koninklijke akademie van wetenschappen, 
2d section, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 7 and 154. 

Jukes-Browne, A. J., and Else, W. J. A list of the type fossils and figured specimens in the Museum 
of the Torquay Natural History Society, Plymouth. Report Devon. Association, ser. 2, vol. 9, 
pp. 399-409. 

Kammerer, Paul. Uber Schlammkulturen. Archiv Hydrobiologie, Stuttgart, vol. 2, pp. 500-526. 

Kammerer, Paul. Wiedererweckung kleiner Tiere und Pflanzen aus getrocknetem Schlamm (reprint 
of preceding). Blatter Aquarienkunde, Magdeburg, 18, pt. 23, pp. 227-228; pt. 24, pp. 235-237; 
pt. 25, pp. 243-248, 3 figs.; pt. 26, pp. 258-259. 

Karakasch, N. S. Le cr6tac6 inferieur de la Crim6e et sa faune. (Russe) St. Petersbourg, Travaux 
Soci6t6 naturelle Sect. g£ologique, vol. 32, 5, pp. 1—442, 454-^482; R6s. franc., pp. 443^153, 28 pis. 

Kellner, K. Bericht fiber die Embryologie von Oikopleura. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 31, pp. 
653-654, 3 figs. 

Kittl, Ernst. Die Triasfossilien vom Heureka Sund. Kristiania, Report of the Second Norwegian 
Arctic Expedition in the Fram, 1898-1902, no. 7, pp. 1-44, 3 pis. 

Kluge, H. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen des Weissen Meeres. St. Petersburg, Bulletin Acad¬ 
emic Science, ser. 6, vol. 1, pp. 658-659 (Russian). _ 

Kluge, H. Zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen von West-Gronland. St. Petersburg, Bulletin Academie Sci¬ 
ence, ser. 6, vol. 1, p. 703. 

Kluge, Hermann. Kritische Erorterungen zu den bryozoologischen Arbeiten von K. Chworostansky. 
Archives Naturgeschichk, Berlin, vol. 73, pt. 1, pp. 181-204. 

Kohler, W. Latentzustande als Trutzmittel gegan die Unbilden des Klimas (Contd). Blatter Aqua¬ 
rienkunde, Magdeburg, vol. 18, pt. 42, pp. 417-418. 

Lang, W. D. The evolution of Stomatopora dichotomoides. Geological Magazine, dec. 5, vol. 4, no. 
511, pp. 20-23, text figs. 6. 

Lang, W. D. A tabular view of the Cretaceous Polyzoa of the family Idmoniidae. Geological Maga¬ 
zine, new ser., dec. 5, vol. 4, no. 513, pp. 122-132. 

Lemoine, Paul. Les variations de facies-dans les terrains sedimentaires de Madagascar. Paris, Bul¬ 
letin Societ£ geologique, ser. 4, vol. 8, pp. 30-41; 

Le Roux, Marc. Recherches biologiques sur le lac d’Annecy. Annales Biol, lacustre, Bruxelles, 
vol. 2, pp. 220-387. 

Levinsen, G. M. R. Sur la regeneration totale des Bryozoaires. Oversigtover del glgl. Danskl. viden- 
skabernes selskavs fornandlinger, no. 4, pp. 151, 159, 1 pi. 

Loppens, K. Sur les caracter&s Distinctifs entre Alcyconidium gelatinosum et Ale. hirsutum. Annals 
Socrite Zoologique malacologique Belgique, vol. 42, pp. 169-174. 

Luhe, M. Die Bryozoen Ostpreussens. Schriften. physikalisch-okonomischen Gesellschaft Konigs- 
berg, Jahrg. 47, pp. 281-285. 

Lindiger, L. Ein neuer Fundort von Cristatella mucedo Cuv. Abhandlungerndes naturhistorishen 
Gesellschaff zu Nurnberg, vol. 15, p. 84. 

Matzdorff, Carl. (Jahresbericht fiber) Bryozoa ffir 1904. Archives Naturgeshichte, Berlin 67, vol. 2, 
Heft 3, 1901 (1907), pp. 597-621. 

Nelli, Bindo. II Miocene del Monte Titano nella Republica di S. Marino. Roma, Bollettino Society 
Geologica Italiana, vol. 26, pt. 2, pp. 239-322, pis. 8-10. 

Neviani, Antonio . Di un libro poco noto sugli Zoofite a Litofiti del Mediterraneo dell’ abate Francesco 
Maratti, Pt. I (Briozoi). Bollettino Society, Zoologique Italiana, ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 102-118. 

Neviani, Antonio. I primo studi anatomici sui briozoi. Atti Congr. Natural, italiana, 1906, pp. 786- 
788. 

Nichols, A. R. Contributions to the natural history of Lambay. Polyzoa. Irish Naturalist, Dublin, 
vol. 16, Nos. 1-2, pp. 82-83. 

Nordgaard, O. Bidrag til faunaens histoire i Trondhjemsfjorden. Kgl. Norse Videnskabors Selskabs 
Skrifter, No. 7, 43 pp., figs. 


r 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 229 

Nordgaard, 0. Bryozoen von dem norweigischen Fischereidampfer “Michael Sars” in den Jahren 
1900-1904, gesammelt. Bergens Museum Aarbok, no. 2, 20 pp., 1 pi. 

Norman, A. M. On some British Polyzoa. Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 20, pp. 207- 
212, 1 pi., 1 fig. 

Oka, Asajiro. Eine dritte art von Pectinatella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 31, pp. 716-718, 3 figs. 

Oka, Asajiro. Zur Kenntnis der Stisswasser-Bryozoenfauna von Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae 
Japonenses, vol. 6, pp. 117-123, 3 figs. 

Pace, S. On an improved system of recording for use in Faunistic work. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 
Leipzig, vol. 32, pp. 385-391. 

Poche, Franz, Einige Ergiinzungen zu den Indices neuer Gattungs und Untergattungsnamen des 
Zoological Record (fur 1901-1905). Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig, vol. 31, pp. 705-707. vols. 
37-42. 

Reed, F. R. Cowper. Sedgwick Museum notes. New fossils from Haverfordwest, 7. Geological 
Magazine, new ser. 5, vol. 4, p. 208-211, 1 pi. 

Richard, J. Campagne scientifique de la Princesse-Alice (1907). Liste des Stations. Monaco, 
Bulletin Institut Ocean, no. 106 (1-11), map. 

Richardson, Lindsall. The Inferior Oolite and Contiguous Deposits of the Bath-Doulting District 
(with Appendices (1) by S. S. Buckman, (2) by L. R. Richardson and J. L. Walker, (3) by L. Rich¬ 
ardson). London, Quarterly Journal Geological Society, vol. 63, pt. 252, 1907, pp. 383-436, pis.- 
28-29, 4 pis. , 

Ridewood. W. G. Pterobranchia. Cephalodiscus. National Antarctic Expedition, vol. 2, no. 5, 
67 pp., 7 pis., 17 figs. 

Ridewood, W. G. On the development of the plumes in buds of Cephalodiscus. Quarterly Journal 
Microscopical Society, vol. 51, pp. 221-252, 11 figs. 

Roule, Louis. Consid4rations sur la faune marine du Port de Bonifacio (Bryozoa determined by 
L. Calvet). Bulletin societ4 zoologique, vol. 32, pp. 40-45. 

Rousselet, Charles. Zoological results of .the third Tanyanika Expedition conducted by Dr. W. A. 
Cunnington, 1904-5. Report on the Polyzoa. Proceedings Zoological Society London, 1907, 
pp. 250-257, 2 pis. 

Skorikov, A. Quelques faits concernant la biologie d’un etang situe dans le Jardin de la Tauride 
St. Petersbourg. St. Pebersbourg, Bulletin Acadamie Science, No. 10, ser. 6, 7, pp. 119-126 (Rus¬ 
sian). 

De Stefani, C. I terreni e le acque cloro-sodiche della salute in Livorno. Pisa, Atti Societa toscana 
scienze natural, vol. 23, pp. 88-124. 

Steuer, Adolf. Neuere Arbeiten fiber Plankton mit besonderer Berficksichtigung des Zooplanktons. 
Wien, Verhandlungen Zoologische Botanischen Gesellschaft, vol. 57, pp. 40, 62. 

Stuckenberg, A. Die Fauna der obercarbonischen Suite des Wolgadurchbruches bei Samara. St. 
Petersbourg, Memoires comite geologique, ser. 2, vol. 23, 1905 (1907) (xix-f 144 pp.), 13 pis. 
(Russian with German summary, 111-144 pp.) 

Thornely, Laura R. Report on the Marine Polyzoa in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records 
Indian Museum; vol. 1, pp. 179-196, 8 figs. 

Ulrich and Bassler. See Weller. 

Vadasz, M. Elemer. A ribicei felsomediterran korszaki korallpad faunajarol. Uber die overmediter- 
rane Korallenbank von Rivica. Foldtani Kozlony, Geologische Mittheilungen, Budapest, vol. 
37, pts. 9-11. (Hungarian, pp. 368-373; German, pp. 420-425.) 

Verrill, Addison E. The Bermuda Islands. Pt. 4, Geology and Paleontology, and pt'. 5, An account 
of the Coral Reefs. New Haven, Connecticut, Transactions Academy Arts and Science, vol. 12, 
pp. 45-348, pis. 16-40. 

Vogl, Viktor. Adatok a foti alsomediterran ismeretehez. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Untermediter- 
rans von Fot. Foldtani Kozlony, Budapest, vol. 37, pt. 1-8 (Hungarian, pp. 243-246; German, 
pp. 303-307.) 

Walton, H. G. Notes on Hislopia lacustris Carter. Records Indian Museum, vol. 1, p. 177-178. 

Waters, A. W. Tubucellaria, its species and ovicells. Journal Linnean Society London, vol. 30, 
pp. 126-133, 2 pis. 


230 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Weller, Stuart. A report on the Cretaceous Paleontology of New Jersey (new species Bryozoa by 
Ulrich and Bassler). Geological Survey of New Jersey, Paleontology 4, text pp. 1-187, plates. 

Wesenberg-Lund, C. On the occurrence of Fredericella sultana Blumenb. and Paludicella Ehren- 
bergii van Bened. in Greenland. Meldelelser om Gronland Kobenhavn, vol. 34, pp. 63-75. 

Wiren, A. Zoologien i Uppsala 1882-1907. En aterblick Zool. Stud, tillagn. T. Tullberg (Naturvet. 
Students allsk. Uppsala), pp. 1-41. 

Ziegler, H. E., et alii. Zoologisches Worterbuch. Erklarung der zoologischen Fachausdrficke . . . 

pt. 1 (A. F.) xvi+208 pp. 

Zimmerman, Hans. Tierwelt am Strande derblauenAdria. Eine Naturwissenschaftliche Sklzze aur 
Erlangung einer Ubersicht der Fauna von Rovigno (Istrien), sowie zur Einffihrung in die Sam- 
meltechnik. Zs. Natw., Stuttgart, ser. 5, vol. 16, pp. 293-321. / 

Zschokke, F. Ubersichtfiber die Tiefenfauna des Vierwaldstattersees. Archive Hydrobiologi'e 
Stuttgart, vol. 2 (1907), 1906, pp. 1-8. 

1908. 

Annandale, N. Corrections as to the identity of Indian Phylactolaemata. Records Indian Museum 
vol. 2, p. 110. 

Annandale, N. The fauna of brackish ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal. Pt 7. Further observa¬ 
tions on the Polyzoa, with the descriptions of a new genus of Entoprocta. Records of the Indian 
Museum, vol. 2, pp. 11-19, 7 figs. 

Annandale, N. Three Indian Phylactolaemata. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, vol. 2, pt. 2, 
pp. 169-174. 

Beutler, Karl. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der cyclostomen Bryozoen der alteren Tertiarschichten des 
siidlichen Bayern. Paleontographica, vol. 54, Lief. 5, pp. 205-250, pis. 23, 24, and 7 text figs. 

Braem, F. Die geschlechtliche Entwicklung von Fredericella sultana nebst Beobachtungen fiber 
die weitere Lebensgeschichte der Kolonien. Zoologica, Heft 52, pp. 1-37, 7 pi. 1 fig. 

Braem, F. Die Spermatozoen von Paludicella’und Triticella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol 33, pp. 
280-281. 

Braem, F. Die Spermatozoen der Sfissawasser-Bryozoen. Zoological Anzeiger, vol. 32, pp. 671-773, 
2 figs. 

Braem, F. Ueber die Umwandlung plasmatischer Granula zu halbmondformigen Korpern. Anato- 
mische Anzeiger, vol. 33, pp. 360-364, 1 fig. 

Canu, F. Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de l’Argentine (Premiere partie). Anales del Museo 
Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. 17 (ser. 3, vol. 10), pp. 245-341, 13 pis. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires fossiles des terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France. II. Lutecien. Bulletin 
Societe Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 8, pp. 382, 390, pis. 6, 7. 

Chatwin, Charles P. and Withers, Thomas H. The zones of the chalk in the Thames Valley 
between Goring and Shiplake. With an appendix by George J. Hinde. London, Quarterly 
Journal Geological Society, vol. 64, pp. 390-420. 

Chirica, Const. Note asupra Bryozoairilor din Romania. Mem. Assoc, romana Inaintarea Respand 
St. 2, pp. 468-474. 

Clarke, John M. Early Devonic history of New York and eastern North America. New York State 
Museum, Mem. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-366, with plates. 

Couffon, O. Le Miocene en Anjou (Supplement). Bulletin de la society etudes scientifiques d’Angers 
(Maine-et-Loire), vol. 37, pp. 49-58. 

Cumings, E. R. The stratigraphy and paleontology of the Ordovician rocks of Indiana. 32d Annual 
Report Department Geology Natural Resources Indiana, pp. 605-1190. 

Czwiklitzer, R. Die Anatomie der Larve von Pedicellina echinata. Arbeiten zoologischen Instituten. 
Wien, vol. 17, pp. 157-186, pi., 2 figs. 

Filliozat, Marius. Nouveaux Bryozaires cheilostomes de la Craie. Bulletin Societe Geologique 
France,«ser. 4, vol. 8, pp. 554-560, 1 pi. 

Filliozat, Marius. Sur les Synchronismes Cretaces par les bryozoaires la Craie de Vendome. Bulle¬ 
tin Societe Archeologique, Scientifique et Litteraire des Vendomois, vol. 47, pp. 255-257. 

Girty, G. H. The GuadalupLan fauna. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 58, pp. 1-649, 
with pis. 


I 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 231 

Greig, M. J. Invertebres du fond. In Due d’Orleans, Croisiere Oceanographique dan3 la mer du 
Gronland. Bruxelles, pp. 503-567. 

Hennig, Anders. Gotlands Silur-Bryozoer. 3. Arkiv. for Zoologie K. Svenska Vetenskapsakade- 
mien Stockholm, vol. 41, no. 21, pp. 1-64, pis. 1-7. 

Hopkinson, John. Dates of publication of the separate parts of Gmelin’s edition (13th) of the “Sys- 
tema Naturae” of Linnaeus. London, Proceedings Zoological Society, l£f07, pp. 1035-1037. 

Kluge, H. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen des Weissen Meeres. Annals Museum Zoology, St. 
Petersbourg, vol. 12, pp. 215-540 , 2 figs. 

Kluge, H. Zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen von West-Gronland. Annals Museum Zoology, St. Peters¬ 
bourg, vol. 12, pp. 546-554. 

Lang, W. D. Polyzoa and Anthozoa from the Upper Cretaceous limestone of Needs Camp, Buffalo 
River. Annals South African Museum, vol. 7, pp. 1-11, 1 pi. 

Lee, G. W. Notes on fossils from Prince Charles Foreland. Proceedings Royal Physical Society Edin¬ 
burgh, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 149-166, pi. viii. 

Levander, K. M. Zur Kenntniss der Verbreitung der StisSwasser Bryozoen in Finland. Meddel. 
Soci6t6 Fauna and Flora fennica, Haft 34, pp. 97-106. 

Loppens, K. Les Bryozoaires d’eau douce. Annales Biologie Lacustre, vol. 3, pp. 141-183, 31 pis. 

Maplestone, C. M. Further descriptions of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, pt. 10. Proceedings 
Royal Society Victoria, vol. 21, new ser., pt. 1, pp. 233-239, pis. 7, 8. 

Masterman, A. S. On the Diplochorda. Pt. 5. Certain points in the structure of Tornaria. Quar¬ 
terly Journal Microscopical Science, vol. 52, pp. 481-493, 1 pi. 

Matzdorff, Carl. Bryozoa fur 1905. (Jahresbericht) Archives Naturges schichte. Berlin, 69, vol. 2, 
Heft 3, 1906 (1908), XIII, pp. 1-8. 

Montgomery, T. H. On the Morphology of excretory organs of Metazoa. Proceedings American 
Philosophical Society, vol. 47 (Polyzoa, pp. 553, 603, 604, 606). 

Mourlon, Michel. Le Calcaire Carbonifere et les depots postprimaires qui le ecouverent dans la 
vallee de l’Escaut, entre Tournai et Antoine. Bruxelles, Bulletin Societe geologique, vol. 22, 
Pr.-verb. pp. 89-105. 

Nichols, A. R. Bryozoa (of Dublin district). Handbook British Association Advancement of Science, 
pp. 202-204. 

Oka, Asajiro. Ueber eine neue Gattung von Sfisswasserbryozoen ( Stephanella ). Annotationes Zoo- 
logicae Japonenses, vol. 6, pp. 277-285, 1 pi. 

Reed, F. R. Cowper. The Devonian faunas of the northern Shan States. Paleontologia Indica. 
Memoirs Geological Survey India, Calcutta, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 1-183, pis. 1-20. 

Reed, F. R., Cowper and Reynolds, H. S. Silurian fossils from certain localities in the Tortworth 
' Inlier. Bristol, Report Naturalists Society, ser. 4, vol. 2, pp. 32-40. 

Richardson, L. On the Phyllis collection of Inferior-Oolite fossils from Doulting. Geological Maga¬ 
zine London, ser. 2, dec. 5, vol. 5, pp. 509-517. 

Robertson, Alice. The incrusting Chilostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North America. Uni¬ 
versity of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 253-344, pis. 14-24. 

Rowe, Arthur W. The zones of the white chalk of the English coast. V. The Isle of Wight. The 
maps and descriptive appendix by C. Davies Sherborn . . . and a note on certain silicious nodules 
by G. T. Prior. London, Proceedings Geological Association, vol. 20, pp. 209-35, 2, pis. 8, 23, maps. 

Schimkewitsch, W. Die Methorisis als embryologischer Prinzip. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 33, 
pp. 585-598. 

Smith, Joseph. The Polyzoa—their place in nature, with notes on some peculiarities in structure. 
Manchester, Report Microscopical Society, 1907 (1908), pp. 64-79, pis. 2-3. 

Sollas, Igerna B. G. A new fresh-water Polyzoon from South Africa. Annals Magazine Natural 
History, ser. 8, vol. 2, pp. 264-273, 8 figs. 

Steinmann, Gustav, and Wilckens, Otto. Kreide und Tertiar fossilien aus den Magellans landern, 
gesammelt von der Schwedischen Expedition 1895-1897. Arkiv fur Zoologie, Stockholm, vol. 4, 
no. 6, 118 pp. 

Stiasny, G. Beobachtungen fiber die marine Fauna des Triester Golfes im Jahre 1907. Zoologischer 
Anzeiger, Leipzig, vol. 32, ppl 748-752. 





232 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Taeger, Heinrich. Die geologischen Verhaltnisse des Vertesgebirges. Mitt. Jahrb. Ungar. Geol. 
Ans., vol. 17, pp. 1-275, pis. 1-12. 

Theel, Hjalmar. Om utvecklingen af Sveriges zoologiska hafsstation Kristineberg och om djurlifvet 
i angransande haf och fjordar. Arkiv. Zoologie, Stockholm, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1-136. 5 pis., 3 maps. 

Thiebaud, Maurice. Contribution a la biologie du Lac de Saint-Blaise. Annales Biologie Lacustre, 
Bruxelles, vol. 3, pp. 54-140, pis. 1-4. 

Thompson, J. Zoophytes in the Humber. Naturalist, London, p. 454. 

Waters, A. M. A subfossil Polyzoon from Calcutta. Record.Indian Museum, vol. 2, p. 109-110. 

Young, George William. The chalk area of western Surrey, London, Proceedings Geological Asso¬ 
ciation, vol. 20, pp. 422-455. 

Zykoff, W. Das Plancton des Flusses Irtisch und seiner Nebenfliisse Bukon u. Tabol, Zoologischer 
Anzeiger, Leipzig, vol. 33, pp. 103-112. 

1909. 

Annandale, N. Materials for a revision of the Phylactolaematous Polyzoa of India. Records of the 
Indian Museum, vol. 5, pp. 37-57. 

Annandale, N. A new species of Fredericella from Indian Lakes. Records of the Indian Museum, 
vol. 3, pp. 373-374. 

Annandale, N. Preliminary note on a new genus of Phylactolaematous Polyzoa. Records of the 
Indian Museum, vol. 3, pp. 279-280, 1 fig. 

Bassler, R. S. The Nettelroth collection of Invertebrate fossils. Miscellaneous Collections, Smith¬ 
sonian Institution, vol. 52, pp. 121-152. 

Bedot,. M. Sur la faune de l’Archipel Malais (Resume). Revue Suisse Zoologique, vol. 17 
pp. 143-169. 

Billard, Armand. Revision des espfeces types d’hyclroldes de la collection Lamouroux. Annales 
des Sciences naturelles, ser. 9, vol. 9, pp. 307-334. 

Bloomfield, E. N. Annual notes on the local fauna, flora, etc., Hastings and E. Sussex. Nat., vol. 
1, pp. 186-191. 

Brydone, R. M. Notes on new or imperfectly known chalk Bryozoa (Polyzoa). Geological Magazine, 
dec. 5, vol. 6, pp. 337-339, 398^100, 3 pis., 1 fig. 

Calvet, Louis. Bryozoaires. Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903-1905) commandee par Dr. 
Jean Charcot. Sciences Naturelles: documents Scientifiques, Paris, pp. 1-49, pis. 1-111. 

Calvet, Louis. Voyage de MM. M. Bedot et C. Pictet dans l’Archipelmalais. Bryozoaires d’Amboine. 
Note sur Bugula dentata (Lamouroux) et Retepora denticulata Busk. Revue Suisse Zoologie 
Geneve, vol. 14, pp. 617-621, 1 pi. 

Canu, F. Etude sur la repartition geologique des Bryozoaires. Comptes Rendus Academie Science, 
Paris, vol. 148, pp. 532-534. 

Canu, F. Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France. Ill, Burdigalien; IV, Helve- 
tien. Bulletin Societe Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 9, pp. 442-458, pi. 15-18. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires fossiles du Miocene moyen de Marse-Matrouh en Marmarique. Comptes 
Rendus Academie Science, Paris, vol. 148, pp. 959-960. 

Clarke, John M. Early Devonic history of New York and eastern North America. Memoirs New 
York State Museum, no. 9, pt. 2 (=Report 62, 4), pp. 1-250, pis. 1-34. 

Combes, Paul. La faune halolimnique Afrioaine. Cosmos, Paris, vol. 61, pp. 705-707. 

Davidson, W. C. The fresh-water Polyzoan Cristella mucedo from Kilmacolm. Glasgow Naturalist, 
vol. 2, pp. 15, 16. 

Goddard, E. J. Australian fresh-water Polyzoa, pt. 1. Proceedings Linnean Society New South 
Wales, vol. 34, pp. 487^96, 1 pi. 

Gregory, J. W. Catalogue fossil Bryozoa in Department Geology British Museum. Cretaceous, 
vol. 2, pp. 346, 9 pis. 

Gregory, J. W. New species of Cretaceous Bryozoa. Geological Magazine, new ser., dec. 5, vol. 6, 

p. 61-66. 

Harmer, S. F. (Avicularia and vibracula.) Rept. 78th Meeting British Association Advancement of 
Science, 1908, pp. 715-731. (Presidential address.) 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


233 


Hartmeyer, Robert. Bryozoen, Moostierchen. In: Die Sfisswasser fauna Deutschlands, hrsg. v. 
Brauer, Heft. 19, Jena, pp. 49-58. 

Heath, Alice. Notes on Marine Polyzoa collected during the year June, 1908, to May, 1909. Joupial 
Torquay Natural History Society, vol. 1, pp. 15-16. 

Henneguy, F. Sur un epithelium & fibres muscularies strides. Comptes Rendus Academie Science 
Paris, vol. 148, pp. 134-138, 3 figs. Un dpithdlium a fibres musculaires strides.* Comptes Rendus 
Ass. Anat. Reun., vol. 11, pp. 301-302. 

Hinde, George J., and Gossling, Frank. Fossils from the chalk, exposed in a road-trench, near 
Croham Hurst, South Croydon. Croydon Proceedings Microscopical Natural History Cl. 1907-8 
(1909), pp. 183-184. 

Knipowitsch, N. M. Rapport sur les collections zoologiques faites pour le Musde Zoologique de l’Aca- 
ddmie Imp. des Sciences par N. M. Knipowitsch et S. A. Pavlovic dans la mer Baltique durant 
l’dtd 1908. Ann. mus. zool., vol. 14, pp. 0131-0245 avec 1 carte. 

Lee, G. W. A Carboniferous fauna from Nowaja Semlja, collected by Dr. W. S. Bruce. Edinburgh 
Transactions Royal Society, vol. 47, pp. 143-186, pis. 1 and 11. 

Leighton, Douglas, (in) Morey’s guide to the natural history of the Isle of Wight. London, William 
Wesley, pp. 235-239. 

Levinsen, G. M. A. Morphological and systematic studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, pp. 1- 
vii, 1—431, 27 lithographic pis., 6 text figs. 

Maplestone, C. M. Polyzoa from the Gilbert Islands. Proceedings Royal Society Victoria, n.s., vol. 
21, pp. 410-419, 3 pis. 

Maplestone, C. M. The results of deep sea investigations in the Tasman sea. The exposition of H. M. 
C. S. Miner. Polyzoa. Records of the Australian Museum, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 267-273, pis. 7-78. 

Matzdorff, Carl. Bryozoa fur 1906. (Jahresbericht) Archives Naturges., vol. 73, p. 2, Heft 3, 1907 
(1909), XIII (1-15). 

Moberg, Joh. Chr., and Gronwall, K. A. Om Fyledalens gotlandium. (On the gotlandium of 
Fyledalen, Skane.) Lund Univ. Arsskr., new ser., 5 Afd., vol. 2, no. 1 (=Fysiogr. Sallsk. Handl., 
new ser., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. i-x, 1-86, 1 map, 6 pis. 

Nilu8, G. Notiz fiber Loxosoma murmanica und Loxosoma brumpti n. sp. St. Petersburg Travaux 
Socidtd nat. Comptes Rendus seances, vol. 40, livr. 1, pp. 157-166; deutsch r4sum4, pp. 167-169. 

Norman, A. M. The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands. Journal Linnean Society Zoology, 
London, vol. 30, pp. 275-314, pis. 33-42. 

Norman, A. M. The Celtic Province: Its extent and its marine fauna. Transactions Hertford Natural 
History Society, vol. 14, pp. 19-32. 

Parona, C. F.; Crema C. ; and Prever, P. L. La fauna coralligena del Cretaceo dei Monti d’Ocre 
nell’ Abruzzo Aquilano. Roma, Mem. serv. descr. Carta Geol. d’lt. R. Com. Geol. Regno, vol. 5, 
pt. 1, pp. 1-242, pis. 1-27. 

Przibram, Hans. Experimental Zoologie. 2. Regeneration. Leipzig and Wien, Franz Deuticke, 
pp. 1-338, pis. 1-16. 

Ramond, G.; Combes, Paul; and Morin, Maurice. Etudes g4ologiques dans Paris et sabanlieue. 
Note sur le gite fossilifere du Guespel. Paris Comptes rendus association francaise avanc. sci., 
voL 37 (1908), pp. 476—493. 

Retzius, Gustaf. Weiteres zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Bryozoen. Biol. Untersuch., vol. 14, 
p. 75-76, 1 pL 

Roaf, Herbert E. Digestive enzymes of invertebrates. London, Report British Association Advance, 
ment Science, 1908 (1909), pp. 746-747. 

Sheppard, T. Catalogue of specimens in the “Lether” collection and of the Cornbrash fossils in the 
Hull Museum. Hull Transactions Science Natural Cl. 4, pp. 71-80. 

Siemiradzki, Josef. Zbiory L. Zejsznera. z kieleckiego dewonu. Krakow Spraw. Komk. fizyogr. 
vol. 43, pp. 62-94, 2 pis. (see also Krakdw Bui. Int. Acad. pp. 765-770.) 

Sommer, Karl. Die fauna des Culms von Konigsberg bie Giessen. Neues Jahrbucher Mineralogie, 
Stuttgart, vol. 28, pp. 611-660, pis. 27-30. 

Sutoin, K. Sarajarven Elaimisto. Helsingfors Acta Soci4te Fauna et Flora Fennica, vol. 29. 

Walton, H. J. Large colonies of Hislopia lacustris. Records Indian Museum, vol. 3, pp. 295-296. 

12184—23—BuU. 125-16 


234 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Waters, A. W. Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, XII. The Bryozoa. Chei- 
lostomata. Journal Linnean Society London, vol. 31, pp. 123-181, 9 pis. (See Cyclostomata in 
1910.) 

Weller, Stuart. Kinderhook faunal studies 5. The fauna of the Fern Glen formation. Bulletin 
Geological Society of America, vol. 20, pp. 265-332, pi. 10-15. 

Zschiesche, Alfred. Untersuchungen uber die Metamorphose von Alcyonidium mytili. Zoolo- 
gische Jahrbiicher, Jena, Abth. fur Anatomie, vol. 28, pp. 1-72, 5 pis. 

1910. 

Annandale, N. Contributions to the fauna of Yunnan based on collections made by G. Coggin Brown. 
B. Sc., 1909-1910. Pt. 1. Sponges and Polyzoa. Record of the Indian Museum, vol. 5, pp, 
197-199. 

Annandale, N. Note on a freshwater sponge and Polyzoon from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica Colombo, 
vol. 7, pp. 63-64, 1 pi. 

Banfield, Arthur. Premature hatching of Cristella mucedo. Knowledge, new ser., vol. 7, p. 487, 

1 fig. 

Bower, C. R., and Farmery, G. R. The zones of the lower chalk of Lincolnshire. With a list of 
new records from the red chalk of the county. London, Proceedings Geological Association,vol. 
21, pp. 333-359, pi. 27. 

Brydone, R. M. Notes on new or imperfectly known chalk Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 5, 
vol. 7, pp. 4-6, pi. 3, pp. 76-78, pi. 8, pp. 145-147, pi. 14, pp. 258-260, pi. 21, pp. 390-392, pi. 30, 
pp. 481-483, pi. 36. 

Buddenbrock, Wolfgang Y. Beitrage zur Entwicklung der Statoblasten der Bryozoen. Zeit- 
schrift wissenschaftliche Zoologie, vol. 96, pp. 477-524, 3 pis. 8 figs. Zoological Anzeiger, vol. 35, 
pp. 534-538. 

Canu, F. Bryozoaires des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France. 5, Lutetien; 6, Bartonien. Bulletin 
Societe Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 10, pp. 840-855, pis. 16-19. 

Canu, F. Bryozoaires des terrains tertiaires des environs de Paris. Annales de Paleontologie, vol. 

2 (1907), pp. 57-89, 137-160, 8 pis., 8 figs.; vol. 3 (1908), pp. 61-104, 2 pis.; vol. 4 (1909), pp. 101- 
140, 4 pis; vol. 5 (1910), pp. 89-112, 4> pis. 

Canu, F. Liste des Bryozoaires de la craie de Royan. Bulletin Societe Geologique France, vol. 10, 
pp. 62-65. 

Clough, C. T., Lee, G. W. (and others). The geology of East Lothian, including parts of the counties 
of Edinburgh and Berwick. Memoir Geological Survey Scotland, pp. 1-226; pal. app., pp. 206-217. 

Drake, Henry C., and Sheppard, Thomas. Classified list of organic remains from the rocks of the 
East Riding of Yorkshire. Proceedings Yorkshire Geological Society, vol. 17 pp. 4-71. 

Fraas, E. Der Petrefactensammler. Ein Leitfaden zum Sammeln und Bestimmen der Yersteinerungen 
Deuts'chlands. Stuttgart, pp. 1-276, pis. 1-82. 

Girty, G. H. New genera and species of Carboniferous fossils from the Fayetteville shale of Arkansas. 
Transactions New York Academy Science, vol. 20, pp. 189-238. 

Hentschel, Ernst. Bryozoa fur 1907. (Jahresbericht) Archives Naturges, Berlin, vol. 74, pt. 2, 
Heft 3, 1908 (1910), XIII, pp. 1-14. 

Hentschel, Ernst. Bryozoa fur 1908. (Jahresbericht) Archives Naturges Berlin, vol. 75, pt. 2. 
Heft 3, 1910, XlVa, pp. 1-9, Ber. Natg. nied. Tiere Berlin, new ser., vol. 25, 1910, pp. 1-10. 

Harmer, S. F. Polyzoa. Encyclopaedia Brittanica, Ed. 11, vol. 22, pp. 42-45. 

Janisevskij, M. E. Die Fauna des Unteren Kohlenkalkes von Chabarny, Bezirk Orsk, Gouv. Oren¬ 
burg. Tomsk. Izv. technol. Inst., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1-305, 21 pis. 

Korschelt, E., und Heider, K. Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Entwicklungs-geschichte der wirbel- 
losen Thiere. Vierter Abschnitt. Ungeschlechtliche Fortpflanzung und Regeneration. IX, 
Ungeschlechtliche Fortpflanzung, Jena, pp. 632-694. 

Loppens, K. Catalogue des bryozoaires d’eau douce avec une note sur Victorella pavida. Annales 
Soci6t6 malacologique Belgique, vol. 44, pp. 97-110. 

Loppens, K. Fauna aquatica Europeae. Les Bryozoaires d’eau douce d’Europe. Annals Biologie 
lacuetre, vol. 4, pp. 139-161, 16 figs. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 235 

Maplestone, C. M. On the growth and habits of Biporae. Proceedings Royal Society Victoria, new 
ser., vol. 23, pp. 1-7, 1 pi. 

Maplestone, C. M. On a new species of Cellepora from the south Australian coast. Proceedings 
Royal Society Victoria, new ser., vol. 23, pt. 1, pp. 39-41, 3 pis. 

Maplestone, C. M. Observations on Parmularia obliqua and a fossil species. Proceedings Royal 
Society Victoria, new ser., vol. 23, pp. 42-43, 1 pi. 

Martynow, A. Rapport preliminaire sur un voyage a station biologique de Roscoff. Prot. stances 
Soc. Nat. Univ. Varsovie. Annals, vol. 22, p. 34-89. 

Norman, A. M. Museum Normanianum, or a oatalogue of the invertebrata of Europe and the Arctic 
and North Atlantic Oceans, which are contained in the collection of the Rev. Canon A. M. Nor¬ 
man. XIII, Polyzoa. Durham, T. Caldcleugh & Son. 

Pace, S., and Pace, R. M. A bibliography and review of recent publications relating to the biology 
of the British and neighboring marine areas (i. e., of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, 
Mediterranean Sea, etc.). London Bureau of British Marine Biology, ser. 2, nos. 1 and 2 (not 
paged titles 1-174). 

Peach, B. N., Lee, G. W., and others. The geology of the neighborhood of Edinburgh. Memoirs 
Geological Survey Scotland, pp. 1-445; paleont. app., pp.^369-412. 

Reed, F. R. Cowper. Sedgwick Museum notes. New fossils from the Dufton shales. London Geo¬ 
logical Magazine, dec. 5, vol. 7, pp. 211-220, 294-299, pis. 16,17, 23, 24. 

Richardson, L. On a fuller’s earth section at Combe Hay, near Bath. London, Proceedings Geological 
Association, vol. 21, pp. 425-428. 

Robertson, Alice. The Cyclostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North America. University of 
California Publications, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 225-284, 8 pis. 

Roehrich, O. Description d’un alcyonidium nouveau. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et gen- 
erale, ser. 5, vol. 5 (notes et rev., pp. 164-167, 3 figs. 

Schroder, Olaw. Buddenbroctia plumatellae, eine neue Mesozoenart aus Plumatella repens L. und 
PI. fungosa Pall. Zeitschrift Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig, vol 96, pp. 525-537, 2 pis. 

Schroder, 0. Eine neue Mesozoenart (Buddenbrockia plumatellae n. s. n sp.) und Plumatella repens 
L. und PL fungosa Pall. Sitzungberichte Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Kl. Abh. 
6, pp. 1-8. 

Skorikov, A. S. Zoologische Un tersuchung des Wassers des Ladoga-Sees als Trinkwasser. St. Peters- 
berg, pp. 1-123, 1 map and 1 plate. 

Vinassa de Regny, Paolo. Fossili ordoviciani del nucleo centrale Carnico. Catania Mem. Ac- 
cademia Gioenia scienze natural., ser. 5, mem. 12, pp. 1-48, 3 pis. 

Walther, Johannes. Die Sedimente der Taubenbank im Golfe von Neapel. Abhandlungen der Kgl. 
Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Abth. 3, pp. 1-49. 

Waters, A. W. Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, . . . XV. The Bryozoa. 
(Pt. I Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Endoprocta). Journal Linnean Society London Zool., 
vol. 31, pp. 231-256, 2 pis. 

Woods, Rev. F. H. Marine biology at Redcar. Naturalist, London, pp. 646, 408-410. 

Willem, Victor. Les “ N6phridies*’ des Bryozoaires Phylactolemides. Comptes Rendus Association 
francaise Advancement Science, vol. 38, pp. 709-711. 

Zschokke, F. Die Tiefenfauna hochalpiner Wasserbecken. Basel, Verhandlungen der naturforschen- 
den Gesellschaft, vol. 21, pp. 145-152. 

1911. 

Annandale, N. Fresh-water sponges, Hydroids and Polyzoa. Fauna of British India. Bryozoa 
pp. 161-251, pis. 3-5. 

Annandale, N. Systematic notes on the Ctenostomatous Polyzoa of fresh water. Records of the Indian 
Museum, Calcutta, vol. 6, pt. 4, pp. 193-201, pi. 13. 

Bassler, R. S. The early Paleozoic Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces. Bulletin 77, United States 
National Museum, 382 pages, 13 pis., text figs. 

Bassler, R. S. Corynotrypa, a new genus of tubuliporoid Bryozoa. Proceedings U. S. National 
Museum, vol. 39, pp. 497-527, 27 figs. 


236 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Bassler, R. S. Bryozoa of the Middle Devonic of Wisconsin. Geological and Natural History Survey 
Wisconsin, Bulletin no. 21, pp. 49-67, pis. 5-11. 

Braem, F. Die Variation bei den Statoblasten von Pectinatella magnifica. Archiv Entricklungs 
mechanik Organismen, Leipzig, vol. 32, pp. 314-348. 

Braem, F. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna Turkestans auf Grund des "von Pedaschenko gesammel- 
ten Materials. VII Bryozoa und deren Parasiten. Travaux Socifitd Nat. St. Petersbourg, Sect, 
zool., vol. 42, fasc. 2, pt. 1, Zool. et Physiol. (Victorella continentalis, n. sp.) 

Braem, F. Pterobranchier und Bryozoen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 38, pp. 546-551, 2 figs. 

Brydone, R. M. Notes on New or imperfectly known chalk Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 5, 
vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 153-156, pis. 9, 10. 

Calvet, Louis. Diagnoses de quelques espiices nouvellesde Bryozoaires Cyclostomes. Bulletin de 
l’lnstitute oceanographique, no. 215, pp. 1-9, 6 text figs. 

Calvet, Louis. Sur deux esp&ces nouvelles de Bryozoaires de la M6diterran6e. Archives Zoologie 
experimentale et generale, ser. 5, vol. 8, no. 3, p. lvii-lxi, 2 figs. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France. VI Bartonien (suite). 
Bulletin G6ologiqu6 Societe France, ser. 4, vol. 11, pp. 444-445, pis. 7, 8. 

Canu, F. Inconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de l’Argentine, pt. 2, Anales del Museo Nacional 
de Buenos Aires, vol. 21 (ser. 3, f. XIV), pp. 215-292, pis. 1-12. 

Fabiani, Ramiro. Paleontologia dei colli Berici. Roma, Mem. Soc., vol. 40, no. 3, 15, pp. 45-250, 
pis. 1-6. 

Fric, Anton. Studien im Gebiete der Bohmischen Kreideformation. Erganzung zu Band 1. Illu- 
striertes Verzeichniss der Petrefacten der cenomanen Korycaner Schichten. Archive der Naturwis- 
senschaftlichen Landesdurchforschung von Bohmen. Prag. Vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-101. 

Gortani, M. Contribuzioni alio studio del Paleozoico carnico, IV. La fauna mesodevonica di Monu- 
menz. PI. Italiana, Pisa, vol. 17, pp. 141-228, pis. 16-20. 

Guerin-Ganivet, Madame G. Contributions & l’fitude des Bryozoaires des cotes armoricaines. I. 
Bryozoaires provenant du Haut Fond de la Chapelle et recueilles en 1900 par 1’expedition de la 
Vunne. Travaux scientifiques du Laboratoire de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 3, fasc. 2, pp. 1-12, 
2 pis. 

Guerin-Ganivet, Madame G. Contributions k lAtude des Bryozoaires des cotes armoricanies. II. 
Bryozoaires provenant de la rade de Brest et recueillis par les freres Crouan. Travaux Scienti¬ 
fiques du Laboratoire de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 3, fasc. 5, pp. 1-7. 

Guerin-Ganivet, Madame G. Etude pr41iminaire des Bryozoaires rapportes des cotes septentrionales 
de l’Europe par l’expedition du Jacques-Cartier en 1908. Bulletin Institut oceanographique 
Monaco, no. 207, 27 pp. 

Girty, George H. The fauna of the Moorefield shale of Arkansas. Bulletin 439, U. S. Geological 
Survey, pp. 1-148, pis. 1-15. 

Harmer, S. F. The terms Polyzoa and Bryozoa. Proceedings Linnean Society London, pp. 70-71. 

Herdman, W. A. Note on J. V. Thompson’s use of the term “Polyzoa.” Proceedings Linnean 
Society London, pp. 62, 63. 

Hennig, Anders. Le Conglom6rat pleistocene h Pecten de Pile Cockburn. Wissenschaft. Erge- 
bnisse der Schwed Sudpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, Stockholm, 3 Lief, pp. 1-72, pis. 5. 

Hurrell, H. E. Distribution of the Polyzoa in Norfolk waters. Transactions Norfolk and Norwich 
Naturalists Society, vol. 9, pp. 197-205. 

Kohler, W. Pectinatella magnifica Leidy im Tegeler See. Internationale Revue Hyrobilogie, 

' Leipzig, vol. 4, biol. Suppl. no. 5, pp. 6-7, 1 pi. 

Kranz, W. Das Tertiar zwischen Castelgomberto, Montecchio. Maggiore, Creazzo und Monteviale 
im Vicentin. Stuttgart, Neues Jahrbuch Mineralogie, vol. 32, pp. 701-729. 

Lohmann, H. Die Cyphonautes der nordischen Meere. Nordisches Plankton, Lief. 13, no. 9, pp. 
31-40, 8 figs. 

Lucas, Robert. Bryozoa fur 1909. (Jahresbericht) Archiv Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 76, 1910, vol. 6, 
Heft 1 (1911), pp. 117-143. 

Maplestone, C. M. Further descriptions of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, pt. 11. Proceedings 
Royal Society Victoria, vol. 23, new ser., pt. 2, pp. 266-284 + 37-47. 




NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


237 


Maplestone, C. M. The results of deep sea investigations in the Tasman Sea. 1. The expedition of 
H. M. C. S. Miner. No. 5. Polyzoa, supplement. Records of the Australian Museum, vol. 8, 
pp. 118, 119, pis. 34, 35. 

Mortensen, Th. A new species of Entoprocta, Loxosomella antedonis, from northeast Greenland. 
Kpbenhaven Danmark-Ekspeditionen til Gr0nlands Nord0stkyst, 1906-1908, vol. 5 Nr. 8. Reprint 
of Meddelelser Gr0nland, vol. 45, pp. 399-406, pi. 

Nichols, A. R. Polyzoa from the coasts of Ireland, Fisheries, Ireland Scientific Investigations, 
1910, no. 1, 37 pp., 1 pi. 

Pale, Mary. On an enigmatic body in certain Bryozoa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 38, pp. 209-212, 
2 figs. 

Pafp, Karl. Trias-Korallen aus dem Bakony. In Resultate der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen 
des Balaton (Plattensee). Anhang, 1 volume for 1911, pp. 1-23, 1 pi., Wien. 

Ritchie, J. On an Entoproctan Polyzoon (Barentsia benedeni) new to the British fauna, with remarks 
on related species. Transactions Royal Society Edinburg, vol. 47, pp. 835-848, 1 pi. 

Stebbing, T. R. R. The terms Polyzoa and Bryozoa. Proceedings Linnean Society London, 123d 
session, pp. 61-62. Note on Thompson’s use of the “Polyzoa” by Herdman, pp. 52-53. On 
Johnvaughan Thompson and his Polyzoa and on Vaunthompsonia, a genus of Sympoda, by Stebb¬ 
ing, p. 64-70. Note by Harmer, p. 70-71; by Waters, pp. 71-72. 

Teller, Edgar E. A synopsis of the type specimens of fossils from the Paleozoic formations of Wiscon 
sin. Milwaukee, Bulletin Wisconsin Natural History Society, vol. 9, pp. 170-271. 

Vinassa de Regny, P. Trias-Tabulaten Bryozoen und Hydrozoen aus den Bakony. In Resultate 
der wissenschaftliche des Balaton (Plattensee) anhang I, volume for 1911, pp. 1-22, 2 pis. 

Waters, A. W. (The terms Polyzoa and Bryozoa.) London Proceedings Linnean Society, pp. 71-72. 

1912. 

Agatz, Joseph. Knospung und Regeneration bei den Bryozoen. Diss. Strassburg. Bamberg (Druck 
v. w. Gartner), pp. 1-30, 4 pis. 

Andrussov, N. Die fossilen Bryozoenriffe der Halbinseln Kertsch und Taman. Kiev, Lief. 1,909 
(pp. 1, 48 and 6 pis.); Lief, 2, 1911 (pp. 48-88 and 5 pis.); Lief. 3, 1912 (pp. 89-144 and 3 pis.). 

Annandale, N. The occurrence of Entoprocta in Indian waters. Records of the Indian Museum 
Calcutta, vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 205. 

Annandale, N. Fauna Symbiotica Indica. No. 1, Polyzoa attached to Indo-Pacific Stomatopods. 
Records of the Indian Mpseum Calcutta, vol. 7, pp. 123-126. 

Annandale, N. Fauna Symbiotica Indica. No. 3. Polyzoa associated with certain Gangetic tortoises. 
Records of the Indian Museum Calcutta, vol. 7, pp. 147-150. 

Annandale, N., and Kemp, Stanley. Observations on the invertebrate fauna of the Kumaon Lakes, 
with special reference to the sponges and Polyzoa. Records of the Indian Museum Calcutta, vol. 7, 
pp. 129-145. 

Barroso, Manuel G. Briozoos de la Estacion de Biologia Maritima de Santander. Trabajos del 
Museo de Ciencias naturales, no. 5, Madrid, pp. 1-63. 

Braem, F. Nachtragliches fiber die Variation der Statoblasten von Statoblasten von Pectinatella. Arch. 
Intro. Mech. Leipzig, vol. 35, pp. 46-55. 

Brydone, R. M. Notes on new or imperfectly known chalk Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 5, 
vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 7-8, pi. 1; no. 4, pp. 145-147, pi. 7; no. 7, pp. 294-296, pis. 14, 15; no. 10, pp. 
433-435, pi. 22. 

Calvet, Louis. Sur un Bryozoaire ct4nostome (Watersia paessleri n. g. n. sp.) parasitant le cormus 
d’une Synascidie. Comptes Rendus Academy Science, Paris, vol. 154, pp. 243-245. Apropos de 
Watersia paessleri, Bryozoaire parasite, p. 395. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France. VI. Bartonein-Auversien. 
Bulletin Soci6t6 G6ologique France, ser. 4, vol. 12, pp. 623-630, pis. 20, 21. 

Canu, F. Etude comparee des Bryozoaires Helv6tiens de l’Egypte avec les Bryozoaires vivants de la 
Mediterranee et de la mer Rouge. Memoires de l’lnstitut Egyptien, vol. 6, fasc. 3, pp. 185-236, 
pis. 10-12. 

Chapman, Frederick. Note on a collection of Tertiary limestones and their fossil contents, from 
King Island, Melbourne. Memorial National Museum, vol. 4, pp. 39-51, pis. 6, 7. 


\ 


238 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

Crawshay, L. R. On the fauna of the outer western area of the English Channel. Plymouth Journal 
Marine Biological Association, new rer., vol. 9, pp. 292-393. 

Cumings, Edgar R. Development and systematic position of the Monticuliporoids. Bulletin Geo¬ 
logical Society America, vol. 23, pp. 357-370, pis. 19-22. 

Cumings, Edgar R., and Galloway, J. J. A note on the Batostomas of the Richmond series. Pro¬ 
ceedings Academy Science Indiana, 1911, pp. 147-167, 7 pis. 

Gravier, C. Sur une 4spece nouvelle de Cephalodiscus provenant de la seconde Expedition antartique 
fran?aise. Bulletin Histoire naturelle Paris, pp. 146-150,1 fig. 

Gravier, C. Sur la repartition geographique des especes actuellement connues chi genere Cephalodis¬ 
cus Macintosh. Bulletin Museum Histoire naturelle Paris, pp. 151-153. 

Gravier, C. Sur les Pterobranches rapportes par la seconde Expedition antarctique fram;aise et sur un 
Crustace parasite de l’un d’eux. Comptes Rendus Academy Science Paris, vol. 154, pp. 1458-1440 

Guerin-Ganivet, G. Contributions a l’etude des Bryozoaires des cotes Armoricaines, III. Bryo- 
zoaires de la region de Concarneau et de l’Archipel de Glenan. Travaux scientifique du Labora- 
toire de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 4, pp. 1-28. 

Hasper, M. On a method of rearing larvae of Polyzoa. Journal Marine Biology Association Plymouth, 
new ser., vol. 9, pp. 435-436. 

Holtedahl, Olaf. On some Ordovician fossils from Boothia Felix and King William land collected 
during the Norwegian expedition of the Gjoa, Captain Amundsen, through the North West Passage. 
Kristiania Skr. Yid. selsk, vol. 9, pp. 1-11, pis. 1-4. 

Lecointre, Georges. Sur quelques Bryozoaires nouveaux ou peu connus du C6nomanien du Mans. 
Bulletin Societe G4ologique, ser. 4, vol. 12, pp. 349-355, figs. 

Lee, G. W. The British Carboniferous Trepostomata. Memoirs Geological Survey of Great Britains 
Paleontology, vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 135-195, pis. 14-16. 

Levinsen, G. M. R. Studies on the Cyclostomata operculata. M4moires Academie Royale Science, 
et Lettres de Danemark, ser. 7, vol. 10, pp. 1-52, 7 pis., and 2 text figs. (Vid. Selsk. Skr.) 

Lucas, Robert. Bryozoa fur 1910. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin, vol. 77 (1911), pt. 6, Heft 1 
(1912), pp. 99-116. 

Molcanov, L. A. Zur Fauna der Wirbellosen der Seliger-Sees. St. Petersburg, Der Siisswasser 
Naturf. Gessellschaft, vol. 3, pp. 146-153. 

Nichols, A. R. Clare Island Survey, pt. 53, Polyzoa. Proceedings Royal Irish Academy, vol. 31, 
no. 53, 14 pp. 

Nordgaard, O. Revision av universitetsmuseets samling av norske Bryozoer. Kgl. norske Videns- 
kabers Selskabs Skriften, 1911, no. 3, pp. 1-28. 

Nordgaard, O. Bryozoaires de la Campagne arctique de 1907, de Due d’Orleans. Bruxelles, vol 8, 
42 pp., 1 map. 

Osburn, Raymond C. Bryozoa from Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia. Proceedings U. S. 
National Museum, vol. 43, pp. 275-289, pi. 34, no. 1933. 

Osburn, Raymond C. Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region. Bulletin Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 30 
(1910), pp. 205-266, pis. 18-31. 

Ruedemann, Rudolf. The Lower Siluric shales of the Mohawk Valley. New York State Museum, 
Bulletin 162, pp. 1-151, pis. 1-10. 

Thornely, Laura R. Marine Polyzoa of the Indian Ocean. Transactions Linnean Society London, 
Zoology, vol. 15, pp. 137-157, pi. 8. 

Ulmer, Georg. Susswasser-Bryozoen von Aquatorial-Afrika. (In: Wiss. Ergebnisse d. D. Zentral- 
Afrika Expedition 1907-8, vol. 4, Lfg. 10.) Leipzig (Klinkhardt und Biermann), pp. 285-290. 

Waters, A. W. A structure in Adeonella ( Laminopora ) contorta Michelin, with remarks on the Adeo- 
nidae. Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 8, vol. 9, pp. 489, 500, pis. 10, 11. 

1913. 

Annandale, N. The Polyzoa of the Lake of Tiberias. Calcutta, Journal Asiatic Society, Bengal, 
vol. 9, pp. 223-228, pi. 7. 

Bassler. R. S. Bryozoa in Zittel’s Textbook Paleontology (English edition), edited by Charles R. 
Eastman. Ed. 2, pp. 314-355. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 239 

Braem, F. Die Keimung der Statoblasten von Pectinatella und Cristatella (1. Morpholog. Vorgange). 
Zoologica, Stuttgart, vol. 67 (=Band 26), pp. 35-64, 5 pis. 

Brydone, R. M. Notes on new or imperfectly known chalk Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 5, 
vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 97-99; no. 5, pp.196-199, pi. 7; no. 6, pp. 248-250, pi. 8; no. 10, pp. 436-438, pi. 14. 

Canu, F. Bryozoaires fossiles des terrains 6oc6niques du Pla de la Gargara pres Aiguafrede (Lut6cien). 
Bulletin de l’Institut Catalona d’Histoire naturelle, no. 7, pp. 1-4, pi. 2a. 

Canu, F. Etudes morphologiques sur trois nouvelles families de Bryozoaires. Bulletin Soci6te 
Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 13, pp. 132-147, text figs. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France, VTI, Lutecien. Bulletin 
Soci6t6 Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 13, pp. 298-303, pis. 4, 5. 

Canu, F. Contributions it 1’etude des Bryozoaires fossiles. IV-XII. Pliocene d’Alger, etc. Bulletin 
Societe Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 13, pp. 124-131. 

Canu, F. Contributions a l’etude des Bryozoaires fossiles. XIII. Bryozoaires jurassiques. Bulletin 
Societe Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 13, pp. 267-276, pis. 2, 3. 

Cumings, E. R., and Galloway, J. J. The stratigraphy and paleontology of the Tanner’s Creek section 
of the Cincinnati series of Indiana. Department Geology and Natural Resources Indiana, 37th 
Annual Report, pp. 353-478, 20 pis. 

Filliozat, Marius. Sur le genre “ Ceriopora-*’ Goldfuss, 1827. Comptes rendus du Congr&s des Societe 
Savantes, pp. 154-157. 

Gerwerzhagen, Adolf. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen. 1. Das Nervensystem von Cristatella 
mucedo Cuv. Zeitschrift wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig, vol. 107, pp. 309-345, 3 pis. 

Gerwerzhagen, Adolf. Untersuchungen an Bryozoen. (Vorl. Mitt.) Sitzungsberichte der Heidel- 
berger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Abt. B, Abh. 9, pp. 1-16. 

Girty, George H. A report on Upper Paleozoic fossils collected in China in 1903-4. Washington, 
D. C., Carnegie Institute Publications, no. 54 (Research in China, 3), pp. 295-334, pis. 27-29. 

Guerin-Ganivet, G. Bryozoaires de la Mission arctique commandee par Ch. Benard. Societe d’oc6a- 
nographie du Golfe de Gascogne, fasc. 7, 46 pp. 

Harmer, Sidney F. The Polyzoa of waterworks. Proceedings Zoological Society, London, pp. 426-457, 
pis. 62, 63. 

Herwig, Ernst. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Knospung bei den Bryozoen. Diss. Marburg (Druck v. R. 
Friedrich), 36 pp., 2 pis. 

Kettner, K. Ueber das neue Vorkommen der untersilurischen Bryozoen und anderen Fossilien in 
den Ziegelei Pernikarka bei Kossire. Bulletin Int. Acad. St. Boheme, 22 pp., 2 pis., 9 figs. 

Lang, W. D. Report of a visit to the exhibits of Polyzoa and Corals in the Geological Department of the 
British Museum of Natural History. Proceedings Geologists’ Association, vol. 24, pt. 3, pp. 168-173. 

Larger, Dr. Rene. La contre Evolution ou degenereecence par l’her6dite pathologique; cause naturelle 
de l’extinction des groupes animaux. Essai de paleopathologie generale comparee. Bulletin et 
M6moires de la Soci4te d’Anthropologie de Paris. 

Maplestone, C. M. Further descriptions of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, pt. 12. Proceedings 
Royal Society Victoria, new ser., vol. 24, pp. 355, 356, pi. 27. 

Maplestone, C. M. New or little known Polyzoa. Proceedings Royal Society Victoria, vol. 25, new 
ser., pp. 357-362, pi. 28. 

Munroe, Madeline. Description of some new forms of Trepostomatous Bryozoa from the Lower Carbo¬ 
niferous rocks of the'North Western Province (of England). London, Quarterly Journal Geological 
Society, vol. 68, pp. 574-579. 

Schroder, Olaw. Ueber einen einzelligen Parasiten des Darmepithels von Plumatella fungosa Pallas. 
Zoologisher Anzeiger, Leipzig, vol. 43, pp. 220-223. 

Sumner, Francis B.; Osburn, Raymond C.; and Cole, Leon J. A biological survey of the waters of 
Woods Hole and vicinity. Section 3. A catalogue of the marine fauna of Woods Hole and vicinity. 
Washington, D. C., Bulletin Bureau Fisheries, vol. 31 (1911), pp. 549-794. 

Ulrich, E. O., and Bassler, R. S. Bryozoa of the middle and Lower Devonic deposits of Maryland. 
Maryland Geological Survey, Lower Devonic, pp. 259-290, pis. 46-51; Middle and Upper Devo¬ 
nian, pp. 123-124, pi. 7, figs. 7-12. 

Wackerheim, M. Moostierchen im Aquarium (Fredericella). Blatter Aquarienkunde, Stuttgart, vol. 
24, pp. 298-299. 


240 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





Waters, A. W. Marine Fauna of British East Africa and Zanzibar. Bryozoa-Cheilostomata. Pro¬ 
ceedings Zoological Society London, 1913, pp. 458-537, pis. 64-73. (See Cyclostomata, 1914.) 

Weber, R. Plumatella repens . . . (Mikrophotogr. Bilder). Mikrokosmos, Stuttgart, vol. 7, pp. 
105-107. 

Wolfer, Otto. Die Bryozoen des schwabischen Jura. Paleontographica, vol. 60, pp. 115-173, 5 pis. 

1914. 

Brydone, R. M. Notes on new or imperfectly known chalk Polyzoa. Geological magazine, dec. 6, 
vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 97-99, pi. 4; no. 8, pp. 345-347, pi. 26; no. 11, pp. 480-483, pi. 35. 

Canu, F. Bryozoaires des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France. VIII. Rupelien de Gaas. Bulletin 
Societe Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 14, pp. 465-474, pis. 14,15. 

Canu, F. Contributions & l’etude des Bryozoaires fossiles. XIV. Bryozoaires du Stampien. Bulletin 
Societe Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 14, pp. 147-152, pi. 4. 

FAURAySANsM. Sobre la presencia de un briozoa vivente, la “Cupularia canariensi 11 ’ Busk descu- 
bierto en los terrenos miocenices de Catalana. Boletfn de la Real Sociedad espanola de Historia 
natural, pp. 397, 398. 

Lang, W. D. Some new genera and species of Cretaceous Cheilostome polyzoa. Geological Magazine, 
dec. 6, vol. 1, pp. 436-444, pi. 34. 

Lang, W. D. On Herpetopora a new genus containing three new species of Cretaceous Cheilostome 
Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 6, vol. 1, no. 595, pp. 5-8, pi. 2. 

Osburn, Raymond C. The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Insti¬ 
tution of Washington, no. 182, pp. 181-222, 23 text figs. 

Waters, A. W. The Marine Fauna of British East Africa and Zanzibar. Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata, 
and Endoprocta. Proceedings Zoological Society London, 1914, pp. 831-858, pi. 1-4, text fig. 

1915. 

Barroso, Manuel Geronimo. Contribucion al conocimiento de los Briozoos marinos de Espafia. 
Boletfn de la Real Sociedad espanola de Historia natural, pp. 413-420. 

Cumings, E. R., and Galloway, J. J. Studies of the morphology and histology of the Trepostomata or 
Monticuliporoids. Bulletin Geological Society America, vol. 26, pp. 349-374, pis. 10-15. (Review 
by Canu in Cossman’s Revue Critique de Paleozoologie 1916, no. 1, p. 22.) 

Girty, George H. Faunas of the Boone limestone at St. Joe, Arkansas. U. S. Geological Survey, 
Bulletin 598, Bryozoa, pp. 8-11. 

Girty, George H. Fauna of the Batesville sandstone of northern Arkansas. U. S. Geological Survey, 
Bulletin 593, Bryozoa, pp. 28-38. 

Girty, George H. Fauna of the Wewoka formation of Oklahoma. U. S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 
544, Bryozoa, pp. 44-48. 

Harmer, S. F. The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Pt. I. Entoprocta, Ctenostomata, and 
Cyclostomata. Mono. XXVIII, Results Explorations Siboga, 180 pp., 12 pis. (Reviewed by 
Canu in Cossman’s Revue Critique de Pal6ozoologie, 1916, no. 1, p. 24.) 

Lang, W. D. New uniserial Cretaceous Cheilostome Bryozoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 6, vol. 2, 
no. 11, pp. 496-504, pi. 17. 

1916. 

Brydone, R. M. Notes on new or imperfectly known chalk Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, Dec. 6, 
vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 97-100, pi. 6; no. 6, pp. 241-243, pi. 10; no. 8, pp. 337-339, pi. 14; no. 10, pp. 
433-135, pi. 18. 

Bassler, R. S. Bryozoa of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Maryland. Maryland Geological Survey, 
Upper Cretaceous, pp. 736-745, pi. 46. 

Canu F. Bryozoaires (reviews) in Cossman’s Revue Critique de Paleozoologie. Vingtieme annee, 
no. 1, pp. 22-27. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France. IX. Aquitanien. Bulletin 
Societe Geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 15, pp. 320-334, pis. 3, 4. 

Canu, F. Bibliographie primitive relative aux Bryozoaires. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de 
France, ser. 4, vol. 14, pp. 287-292. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


241 


Canu, F. Bibliographic paleontologique relative aux Bryozoaires du Bassin de Paris. Bulleti de 
la Societe Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 14, pp. 293-305, 381-410. 

Gregory, J. W. Age of the Norseman limestone, Western Australia. Geological Magazine, dec. 6, 
vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 320, 321, text figs. 

Lang, W. D. Revision of the “C'ribrimorph” Cretaceous Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine Natural 
History, ser. 8, vol. 18, pp. 81-112. 

Lang, W. D. Calcium carbonate and evolution in Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 6, vol 3, no. 
620, pp. 73-77. 

Levinsen, G. M. R. Danmark-Ekspeditionen til Grbnlands Nordostkyst, 1906-1908, vol. 3, no. 16; 
Bryozoa, pp. 435-472, pis. 19-24. 

Raymond, Percy E. Expedition to the Baltic Provinces of Russia and Scandinavia. Bulletin 
Museum Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 179-286, 8 pis. 

Twenhofel, W. H. Expedition to the Baltic Provinces of Russia and Scandinavia, 1914. Bulletin 
Museum Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 289-354, 5 pis. 

Waters, A. W. Some species of Crisia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, vol. 18, 
pp. 469-477, pi. 16. 

1917. 

Barroso, Man.uel Geronimo. Notes sobre Briozoos. Boletfn de la Real Sociedad Espanola de 
Historia Natural, vol. 17, pp. 494-499. 

Brydone, R. M. Notes on new or imperfectly known chalk Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 6, 
vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 49-53, pi. 3; no. 4, pp. 145-148, pi. 9; no. 11, pp. 492-496, pi. 32. 

Canu, F., and Bassler, R. S. A Synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa. United 
States National Museum, Bulletin 96, pp. 1-87, pis. 1-6. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France. X. Burdigalien. Bulletin 
Societe Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 16, pp. 127-152, pis. 2, 3, text figs. 

Faura, Sans M., and Canu, F. Sur les Bryozoaires des terrains tertiaires de la Catalogue. Treballs 
de l’lnstitucio Catalana d’Historia Natural, vol., 1916, pp. 1-137, 9 pis. 

Faura, Sans M. Caracterizacion de la fauna briozoaria del Maestrichiense en el monte Perdido 
(Pirineos Centrales del alto Aragon). Boletfn de la Real Sociedad de Historia natural, vol. 17, 
pp. 191-194. 

Lang, W. D. The genotypes of certain Polyzoan genera. Geological magazine, dec. 6, vol. 4, no. 4, 
pp. 169-174. 

Lang, W. O. On some new Cenomanian and Turanian Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, dec. 6, vol, 
4, no. 6, pp. 256-258, pi. 17. 

Mather. K. F. The Tertiary fauna of Wolf Island, Ontario. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. 31, pp. 33-40, 
pi. 1. 

Okada, Yaichiro. A report on the Cyclostomatous Bryozoa of Japan. Reprint from the Annota- 
tiones Zoologicae Japonenses, vol. 9, pt. 3, pp. 355-360. 

1918. 

Barroso, Manuel Geronimo. Notas sobre Briozoos. Boletfn de la Real Sociedad Espanola de 
Historia Natural, vol 18, pp. 206-216, 307-309, 407-409. 

Brydone, R. M. Notes on new or imperfectly known Cretaceous Polyzoa. Geological Magazines 
dec. 6, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-4, pi. 1. 

Canu, F. Hippaliosina, un nouveau genre de Bryozoaires. Compte Rend. Sommaire des Seances „ 
la Societe Geologique de France, no. 3, p. 40. 

Canu, F. Hippaliosina. Un nouveau genre de Bryozoaires. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique 
de France, ser. 4, vol. 18, pp. 88-94. 

Canu, F. Les Ovicelles des bryozoaires cyclostomes, Etudes, surquelques families nouvelles et an- 
ciennes. Bulletin Societe Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 16, pp. 324-335, pi. 9. 

Kindle, E. M., and Whittaker, E. J. Bathymetric check list of the marine invertebrates of eastern 
Canada. Department of the Naval Service, 8 George V, sessional papers, no. 38a, pp. 229-294. 

Nordgaard, O. Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. Tromso Museums Aarshet'ter, vol. 40 (1917), nr. 1, 
pp. 1-99. 

12184—23—Bull. 125-17 



242 


BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Nordgaard, O. Bryozoa in the papers and collection of Dr. J. E. Gunnerus. Det Kgl. Norske 
Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 1917, no. 5, pp. 1-5. 

Waters, Arthur Wm. Some collections of the Littoral Marine Fauna of the Cape Verde Islands, 
Bryozoa. Journal Linnean Society Zoology, vol. 34, pp. 1-45, 4 pis. 

Waters, Arthur Wm. Some Mediterranean Bryozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 
ser. 9, vol. 2, pp. 96-102, pi. 12. 

Yanagi, Naokatsu, and Okada, Yaichiro. On a collection of Japanese Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, I. 
Annotationes Zoologicae Japanenses, vol. 9, pt. 2, pp. 407-429, pi. 6. 

1919. 

Barroso, Manuel Geronimo. Notas sobre Briozoos Espanoles. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Es- 
panola de Historia natural., vol. 19, pp. 200-204, 340-347. 

Canu F., and Bassler, R. S. Bryozoa of the Canal Zone and related areas. Bulletin U. S. National 
Museum, no. 103, pp. 117-122, pi. 53. 

Canu, F. Etudes sur les Ovicelles de la famille du Corymboporidae Smitt, 1866 (3d contribution). 
Bulletin de la Soci6t6 geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 17 (1917), pp. 348, 349, pi. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires fossiles des terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France. XL Rupelien (=Stampien). 
Bulletin de la Soci£te Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 17 (1917), pp. 350-361, 2 pis. 

Canu, F., and Bassler, R. S. Fossil Bryozoa from the West Indies. Pub. 291, Carnegie Institution of 
Washington, pp. 73-102, 7 pis. 

Canu, F. Etudes sur les Ovicelles des Bryozoaires cyclostomes (2d contribution). Bulletin de la 
Societe geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 17 (1917), pp. 345-347, pi. 

Lang, W. D. Old age and extinction in fossils. Proceedings Geologists’ Association, vol. 30, pp. 102-113. 

Lang, W. D. The Kelestominae; a subfamily of Cretaceous Cribrimorph Polyzoa. Quarterly Journal 
Geological Society, vol. 74, pp. 204-220. 

Lang, W. D. The Pelmatoporinae; an essay on a group of Cretaceous Polyzoa. Philosophical Tran¬ 
sactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, vol. 209, pp. 191-228. 

Marcus, Ernst. Notizen iiber einiges Material mariner Bryozoen desBerlinerZoologischenMuseums. 
Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, Berlin, no. 7, pp. 255-284. 

Osburn, Raymond C. Bryozoa of the Crocker Land Expedition. Bulletin American Museum of 
Natural History, vol. 40, pp. 603-624. 

Vinassa de Regny, Paola. Fossili ordoviciani del Capolago (Seekopf) presso il Passo di Volaia (Alpi 
Carniehe). Paleontographica Italica, vol. 21 (1915), pp. 97-116 (1-20), pi. 12, 13. 

Waters, Arthur Wm. Batopora (Bryozoa) and its allies. Annals and Magazine Natural History, 
ser. 9, vol. 3, pp. 79-94, pi. 

1920. 

Canu, F. Les Bryozoaires fossiles de la region des Corbi4res. Bulletin Soci6t5 Geologique de France, 
ser. 4, 18, pp. 294-314, 6 pis. 

Barroso, Manuel Geronimo. Notes sobre Briozoos Espanoles, VIII. Boletin de la Real Sociedad 
Espanola de Historia Natural, vol. 20, pp. 353-362. 

Canu, F., and Bassler, R. S. North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. Bulletin 106, U. S. National 
Museum, 2 vols., 879 pp., 162 pis. 

Canu, F. Bryozoaires Cretaces des Pyr5n5es. Bulletin Societe Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 19, 
pp. 186-211, 2 pis. 

Cipolla, F. Nota preventiva sui Bryozoi fossili di Alta villa (Palerme). Bolletino della Societa di 
Scienze Naturali ed Economiche, pp. 1-12. 

Marcus, Ernst. Mittelmeer-Bryozoen des Berliner Zoologischen Museums, Sitzungsberichte der 
Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, Berlin no. 2, pp. 65-108. 

Okado, Yaichoro. Notes on some species of Retepora and Adeonella occurring in Japan, with descrip¬ 
tions of one new variety and five new species. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, vol. 9, p. 5. 
pp. 613-634, 1 pi. 

Vinassa de Regny, Paola. Sulla classificazione dei Treptostomidi. Atti della Societa Italiana di 
Science Naturali, vol. 59, pp. 212-231. 


NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 


243 


1921. 

Barrosa Manuel Geronimo. Notas Sobre' algunas especi^s de Briozoos de Espana (Especi6s del 
Golfo de Valencia). Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, vol. del 50 Ann., pp. 1-11. 

Bekker, Hendrick. The Kuckers stage of the Ordovician rocks of N. E. Estonia. Acta et Commenta- 
tiones Universitatis Dorpatensis, A. II, 1, pp. 1-92, 12 pis. 

Bretnall, Rex W. Studies on Bryozoa. Records of Australian Museum, Sydney, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 
157-162. 

Cipolla, Francesco. I Briozoi Pliocenici di Altavilla presso Palermo. Giornale della Societa di 
Scienze Natural ed Economiche di Palermo, vol. 32, pp. 185, pis. 8. 

Coryell, Horace N. Bryozoan faunas of the Stones River group of central Tennessee. Proceedings 
Indiana Academy of Science for 1919, pp. 261-340, 14 pis. 

Duvergier, J. Note sur les Bryozoaires du Neog5ne de l’Aquitaine. Actes de la Society Linneenne de 
Bordeaux, ser. 72, pp. 1-41, 4 pis. 

Marcus, Ernst. Bryozoen von den Juan-Fernandez Inseln in Skollsberg. C. The Natural History 
of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isles, vol. 3, pp. 93-124. 

Marcus, Ernst. Indo-Pacifische Bryozoen aus dem Riksmuseum in Stockholm. Arkiv fur Zoologi 
K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1-23, pis. 2. 

Marcus, Ernst. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensens Pacific Expedition, 1914-16. VI. Bryozoen von den 
Auckland-und Campbell Inseln, Saertryk af Vidensk. Medd. fra Dansk Naturh. Foren., vol. 73, 
pp. 85-121, 1 pi. 

Marcus, Ernst. Einiges fiber Bau und Entwicklung der Meeresbryozoen. Schriften der zoologisehen 
Station Bfisum ffir Meereskunde, pp. 22-27. 

Marcus, Ernst. Bryozoen. In results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 
1910-13. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps akademiens Handlingar, vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 1-34, 2 pis. 

Marcus, Ernst. Uber die Verbreitung der Meeresbryozoen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 53, pp. 
205-221. 

Okado, Yaichoro. Notes of some Japanese Chilostomatous Bryozoa. Annotations Zoologicae Japon 
enses, vol. 10, pt. 3, pp. 19-32. 

Robertson, Alice. Report on a collection of Bryozoa from the Bay of Bengal and other eastern seas 
Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 22, pi. 1, no. 8, pp. 33-65, 11 figs. 

Waters, Arthur Wm. Observations upon the relationships of the (Bryozoan) Selenariadae, Cone- 
scherellinidae, etc., Fossil and Recent. Journal Linnean Society, Zoology, vol. 34, pp. 399-427, 
2 plates. 

1922. 

Barroso, Manuel Geronimo. Notas Sobre briozoos marinos espagnoles No. X (Especies de Mahon, 
Baleares). Boletin de la Real Sociedad espanola de Historia Natural, vol. 22, pp. 88-101, 8 figs. 

Canu, F., and Bassler, R. S. Studies on the Cyclostomatous Bryozoa. Proc. U. S. National Museum, 
vol. 61, pp. 1-160, 28 pis. 

Canu, F. Bryozoa in Fossiles CretacAs de la cote orientale, Paleontologie de Madagascar. Annales 
de Paleontologie, vol. 11, pp. 16-30, 2 pis. 

Marcus, Ernst. Stidafrikanische Bryozoen aus der Sammlung des Gothenburger Museum. Gote- 
borgs Kungl. Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar, vol 25, pp. 1-45. 

Marcus, Ernst. Bryozoen von den Aru-Inseln. Abhandl. d. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellsch., vol. 35, 
pp. 421-446, 2 pis. 

Waters, A. W. On Mediterranean Tervia and Idmonea (Bryozoa). Annals .and Magazine Natural 
History, ser. 9, vol. 10, pp. 1-16, 2 pis. 

1923. 

Borg, Folke. On the structure of Cyclostomatous Bryozoa, Arkiv for Zoologi. K. Svenska Veten- 
skaps-Akademien, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1-17. 

Marcus, Ernst. Referat fiber die historische und moderne Auffassung des Baues und der systema- 
tischen Stellung der Bryozoengattung Adeona. Verhandlungen der zoolog.-botan. Gesellschaft in 
Wien, vol. 72, pp. 42-61. 


APPENDIX. 


TREMOGASTERINA TRUNCATOROSTRIS, new species. 

Plate 47, Fi<r. 6. 

Description .— The zoarium is bilamellar. The zooecia are distinct, separated 
by a furrow, elongated, elliptical; the frontal is perforated by a trifoliate orifice 
resulting from the coalescence of three large pores arranged in a triangle; a large 
salient rounded mucro is present and is prolonged somewhat above the aperture. 
The aperture is large, semicircular. On each side there are two large, straight 
avicularia, with pivot, the beak of which is truncated and forms a transverse straight 
line. The ovicell is large salient globular, finely granular. 

,, . \ha = 0.17-0.20 mm. „ . (£2 = 0.60 mm. 

Measurements. —Apertura 7 . . .. Aooecia 7 

1 1 la = 0.17-0.20 mm. I lz = 0.3o-0.40 mm. 

Affinities .—This new species differs from Tremogasterina horrida, new species, 
and T. problematica Canu, 1911, in its trifoliate frontal pore arising manifestly from 
the coalescence of three pores. It approaches in its ovicell Eschar ipora 1 mvcronata 
Smitt, 1872, but differs from it in its large truncated avicularia and in its frontal 
pores united together. It is indeed an intermediate species between the forms with 
a large single frontal pore and those with three pores in a triangle. It is also prob¬ 
able that Smitt’s species is also a Tremogasterina. If the studies on the living spe¬ 
cies prove this to be correct, Smitt’s species could then be considered the type of 
this American genus whose structure has always remained mysterious. 

Occurrence .—Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo (very rare). 

Holotype. —Cat. No. 68685, U.S.N.M. 

244 





V 





f 


121S4—23—Bull. 125-18 











U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 125 PLATE I 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 245. 









Plate 1. 


Fig. 1 . Floridina pyripora Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 56.) 

Surface of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the large poorly defined opesiules, the pyriform 
opesium and the smooth salient endozooecial ovicell. 

Oligocene (Antigua formation): Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward Islands. 

Fig. 2. Callopora dumerilii Savigny-Audouin, 1826. (See also pi. 2, fig. 23; pi. 12, fig. 12.) (p. 40.) 
Portion of the specimen, X 20, separated by Canu and Bassler in 1919 as var. lata. 

Oligocene (Anguilla formation): Southwest side Crocus Bay Bluff, Anguilla, Leeward Islands. 
Fig. 3. Ogivalina mutabilis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 37.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20, illustrating the large, irregular opesia, small endozooecial 
ovicell, the small gymnocyst and the supposed avicularium. 

Oligocene (Emperador limestone): Near Empire, Panama Canal Zone. 

Fig. 4. Calpensia impressa Moll, 1803. (p. 83.) 

Surface of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, referred to this species. 

Oligocene (Antigua formation): Carlisle marl pit, Antigua, Leeward Islands. 

Fig. 5. Floridina fusifera Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 56.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20, exhibiting the small opesium, large, rounded opesiules, 
prominent polypidian convexity, large onychocellarium and small fusiform avicularia. 

Oligocene (Antigua formation): Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward Islands. 

Fig. 6. Conopeum lacroixii Busk, 1852. (p. 26.) 

Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the characteristic interopesial cavities and small 
tuberosities on the mural rim. 

Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Figs. 7-9. Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (p. 28.) 

7. Two of the small, free, conical zoaria, natural size. 

8. The cellulliferous, convex surface, X 20, illustrating the membraniporoid opesium and the 
vibracula. 

9. Concave, basal surface, X 20, showing the characteristic polygonal areas marked by pores. 
Miocene (Gatun formation): Banana River, Costa Rica. 

Fig. 10. Puellina radiata carolinensis Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 90.) 

Gabb and Horn’s illustration of this variety. 

Eocene (Jacksonian) of South Carolina. 

Fig. 11. Bippoporina lata Smitt, 1872. (p. 131.) 

View of several zooecia, much enlarged (after Smitt). 

Recent : Gulf of Mexico. 

Fig. 12. Porella bella Busk, 1860. (p. 147.) 

Smitt’s illustration of Escharella landsborovi. 

Recent: Gulf of Mexico. 

Figs. 13-17. Cupularia haidingeri Reuss, 1847. (p. 77.) 

13. The small discoidal zoaria, natural size. 

14. The inner side, X 20, showing the tuberose, bifurcating ribs. 

15. 16. Portions of the celluliferous side, X 25, illustrating the two symmetrical condyles and 
the denticular processes. 

17. A zooecium, X 50, showing the structure of the spinose processes which are flat, claviform, 
and finely denticulated. 

Redonnian: Pigeon Blanc, France. 

Fig. 18. Cupularia doma D’Orbigny, 1852. (See also pi. 15, figs. 1-5.) (p. 77.) 

Zooecia, X 25, showing the two symmetrical spinules forming condyles and three irregular 
ununited spinules. 

Mediterranean: Oran, Algeria. 

Figs. 19-22. Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, 1869. (p. 78.) 

19. Several, small cupuliform zoaria, natural size. 

20. Zooecia, X 25, showing the trifoliate opesium and that the condyles are not united to the 
spinules. 

21. Inner side, X 20, illustrating the large tuberosities. 

22. View of zooecia, X 25, in which some of the spinules are not united together. 

Sicilian: Farnesina, Italy. 

245 


Plate 2. 


Fig. 1. Membranipora vaughani Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 23.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the large rounded interzooecial tubercles. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 2, 3. Acanthodesia savarti forma monilifera Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 32.) 

The hollow cylindrical zoarium, natural size and X 20. The beaded structure of the mural rim 
is apparent . 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 4. Hemiseptella lata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 70.) 

Part of the incrusting type specimen, X 20, with some zooecia showing the characteristic inferior 
denticle. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 5-7. Nellia oculata Busk, 1852. (p. 55.) 

5. Normal zooecia with tubercles, complete, X 25. 

6. Fragment showing large zooecia, X 25; the tubercles are replaced by pores. 

7. View of fragment, X 25, showing two sides of the zoarium. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 8-10. Corynostylus ellipticus Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 84.) 

8. Several fragments of the articulated zoarium, natural size. 

9. Anterior face of zoarium, X 25, showing the characteristic unilamellar growth with two rows 
of zooecia. 

10. Posterior face, X 25. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 11-13. Corynostylus labiatus Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 84.) 

11. Complete segment of the articulated bilamellar zoarium, natural size. 

12. Photograph of the same, X 25. The salient opesial lip is shown. 

13. Section, X 20, exhibiting the interior of the zooecia in the middle row and a longitudinal sec¬ 
tion in the outer rows. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 14. Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen, 1909. (p. 61.) 

Small fragment, X 20, identified with this recent species. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Gurabo, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 15-19. Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (p. 80.) 

15. The discoid zoaria, natural size. 

16. Photograph of the inner tuberose side, X 25. 

17. Ancestrular region, X 25, in which the ancestrula is covered over by a normal zooecium. 

18. Ancestrular region of another zoarium, X 25; the zooecia are arranged alternately and in invert¬ 
ed order. 

19. Another view of the ancestrular region, X 25; here the ancestrula is a membraniporoid zooe¬ 
cium. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 20, 21. Smittinal brevis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 146.) 

20. Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20. 

21. Ovicelled zooecia of another fragment, X 20. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 22. Rkynchozoon vaughani Canu and Bassler, 1919. (See also pi. 4, figs. 1, 2.) (p. 155.)- 
A small fragment, X 20. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 23. Callopora dumerilii Savigny-Audouin, 1826 (see also pi. 1, fig. 2; pi. 12, fig. 12.) (p. 40.) 

An example, X 20 showing thick mural rims and regenerated zooecia. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

246 




U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 2 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 248. 















U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 3 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 247. 



























Plate 3. 


Fig. 1. Hippodiplosia baccata Cami and Bassler, 1920. (p. 131.) 

View, X 20, of Miocene example of this species. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Fig. 2. Rhamphostomella granulosa, new species, (p. 151.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the granular pleurocyst, small areolar pores, and the 
aperture with its triangular avicularium. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Fig. 3. Smittina ophidiana Waters, 1877. (p. 144.) 

A small incrusting zoarium, X 20. The large median avicularium, two frontal pores, rectangular 
lateral pores, and granular ovicell are to be noted. 

Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Fig. 4. Mastigophora granulosa, new species, (p. 172.) 

Ovicelled and unovicelled zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating their large size, 
granular surface, and the position of the vibracula at the level of the rimule. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica, 

Figs. 5-7. Aimulosia brevis, new species, (p. 140.) 

5. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating the zooecia in the ancestrular region. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

6. A typical example, X 20, with the usual short zooecia bearing very salient median avicularia. 

7. Marginal portion of a zoarium, X 20, exhibiting larger zooecia. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

Fig. 8. Stylopoma minuta, new species, (p. 104.) 

Portion of the incrusting type specimen, X 20. The ovicell entirely covering the apertura and 
the small size of the zooecia are to be noted. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Figs. 9, 10. Holoporella hemispherica, new species, (p. 176). 

9. Several of the small, free, hemispherical zoaria, natural size. 

10. Zooecia, X 20, illustrating their large size and convex frontal, surrounded by large areolar 
pores. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Figs. 11-13. Rhynchozoon verruculatum Smitt, 1872. (p. 157.) 

11. Central portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing indistinct zooecia. 

12. Marginal zooecia, X20, with outlines well preserved. 

13. Another aspect of the zooecial surface, X 20. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

Figs. 14, 15. Terebripora sinefilum, new species, (p. 15.) 

14. A normal zoarium, X 20, illustrating deeply perforated old zooecia and absence of canals. 

15. Portion of a young zoarium, X 10, showing both the axes and the zooecia. The latter have not 
perforated the shell very deeply. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Figs. 16, 17. Terebripora elongata, new species, (p. 15.) 

16. The type specimen, X 3 and a small portion, X 10, illustrating the very large size and elongate 
shape of the zooecia. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 


247 






Plate 4. 

Figs. 1, 2. Rhynchozoon vaughani Canu and Bassler, 1919. (See also pi. 2, fig. 22.) (p. 155.) 

1. The unilamellar zoarium, X 20, showing young condition in which the zooecia are distinct. 

2. Old condition of zoarium, X 20. The zooecia are indistinct and not oriented. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 3-12. Metrarabdotos colligation Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 162.) 

3-5. Different aspects of the base of the zoarium, X 6. 

6. Three fragments, natural size, preserving base. 

7. Portion of zoarial surface, X 20, with ovicells well preserved. 

8. Base of a zoarium, X 20, showing calcification and disappearance of the apertures. 

9. Broad zooecia, X 20, characteristic of the aged condition. 

10. Narrow zooecia, X 20, of youthful condition. 

11. Normal zooecia, X 20. 

12. Longitudinal section, X 20, exhibiting the interior of the zooecia. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 13. Palmicellaria cf. inermis Jullien, 1882. (p. 149.) 

The branching fragment referred doubtfully to this species, X 20. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 14. Rhynchozoon curium , new species, (p. 156.) 

The unilamellar zoarium, X 20, illustrating the characteristic short zooecia. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo. 

248 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 125 PLATE 4 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 248. 















U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 5 



For explanation of plate see page 249. 

















Plate 5. 

Figs. 1-5. Acanthodesia savarti forma texturata Reuss, 1847. (See also pi. 46, figs. 8, 9.) (p. 32.) 

1. Fragments of the unilamellar, hollow cylindrical zoarium, natural size. 

2. Zooecia, X 20, with traces of delicate spines in the opesium. 

3. Inner side of zoarium, X 20, showing rectangular form of zooecia. 

4. Zooecia, X 20, with a distinct rim around the opesium. 

5. Another surface, X 20, showing the large size of the first zooecium of a new row. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Fig. 6. Conopeum. ovale Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 26.) 

Ancestrular portion of the type specimen, X 20, incrusting a shell. The rare and irregular intero- 
pesial cavities, the entire, oval opesium and the flat mural rim are illustrated. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Figs. 7-9. Gemelliporella punctata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 111.) 

7. Two fragments of the free cylindrical zoarium, natural size. 

8. An example, X 20, showing the development of the tremocyst. 

9. Another fragment, X 20, exhibiting the form of the aperture, ovicells (broken) and arrange¬ 
ment of the areolae. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Figs. 10-11. Membraniporina tenella Hincks, 1880. (p. 24.) 

10. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating the thin mural rim and the small tubercles on the 
gymnocyst. 

11. Another zoarium, X 20, with narrow zooecia. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Fig. 12. Hemiseptella grandicella Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 71.) 

Surface of the incrusting zoarium, X 20. The largest zooecia commence a new row. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Fig. 13. Rhamphostomella laticella Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 151.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20. The areolar costules are scarcely visible. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 


249 


Plate 6. 


Fig. 1. Labiopora miocenica Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 67.) 

Fragment of the unilamellar zoarium, X 20. The polypidiam tube and the small pores of the 
tremocyst are visible. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Gurabo, Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 2. Hippomenella infratelum Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 132.) 

Base of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20. One zooecium is regenerated, being replaced by an 
avicularium. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 3-5. Schizopodrella mutabilis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 105.) 

3. The tubular zoarium, natural size. 

4. Surface, X 20, showing indistinct zooecia. 

5. Anotheqportion of the same zoarium, X 20, illustrating the shape of the zooecia. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 6-9. Steganoporella parvicella Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 62.) 

6. Fragments of the unilamellar zoarium, natural size. 

7. Zoarial fragment, X 20, illustrating the great irregularity in the zooecia. 

8. The usual zooecia, X 20, with regular arrangement. 

9. The most frequent aspect of the zooecia, X 20. The polypidian tube is very fragile and often 
broken or altered. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 10-15. Thalamoporella biperforata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 62.) 

10. Fragments of the bilamellar zoarium, natural size. 

11. Specimen, X 20, exhibiting a well-preserved reticulocellarium. 

12. An example, X 20, showing the hollow tubercles worn and replaced by pores. A reticulocel¬ 
larium is here present. 

13. Drawing showing the real form of the aperture, X 77. 

14. A specimen, X 20, with a deformed membraniporoid zooecium near the upper corner. 

15. Another similar example, X 20, with a primoserial membraniporoid zooecium along the lower 
edge. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao and Rio Cana, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 16-19. Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (See also pi. 7, figs. 1-8.) (p. 192.) 

16. Small fragments of the small, free, conical zoarium, natural size. 

17. Zoarial fragment, X 20, with large zooecia. 

18. Fragment, X 20, with small zooecia. The tubercles are well developed. 

19. Inner side of zoarium, X 20. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Cana, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 20, 21. Diaperoecia milneana D’Orbigny, 1839. (p. 202.) 

Views of a fragment, natural size and X 12, referred to this species. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 22, 23. Adeona porosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 158.) 

Fragment of the free bilamellar zoarium, natural size and X 20. 

In figure 23, three gonoecia with their oral gibbosities are shown in the upper right-hand corner, 
an avicularian zooecium in the upper left-hand corner, and ordinary zooecia with their ascopores, 
and small areolae in the rest of the photograph. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. 

250 



BULLETIN 125 PLATE 6 




zr 


North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Mi 


For explanation of plate see page 250. 



























BULLETIN 125 PLATE 7 


0 '* 


North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


9 


<- 




m 








U.' S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


•• i s® 


For explanation of plate see page 251 













Plate 7. 


Figs. 1-8. Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (See also pi. 6, figs. 16-19.) (p. 192.) 

1. Group showing the upper, lower, and edge views of the zoarium, natural size. 

2. Zoarium with weathered surface, X 20, illustrating that the tuberosities are hollow. 

3. Zooecia, X 20, with one preserving the ovicell, which is hyperstomial and closed by the oper¬ 
culum. 

4. Portion of a zoarium, X 20, with the tuberosities around the zooecial apertures well preserved 

5. Inner surface of zoarium, X 10. The tuberosities, avicularia, and hydrostatic (?) cavities are 
visible. 

6. Portion of figure 5, X 20. 

7. Edge view of fractured zoarium, X 20, illustrating zooecia open. 

8. Similar view, X 20, hut with the zooecia closed. 

Low y er Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Figs. 9-14. Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (See also pi. 32, figs. 6-10.) (p. 174.) 

9. Fragment, X 20, showing zooecia without beak with the typical form of aperture. 

10. Zooecia, X 20, showing interzooecial avicularia. The oral beak is incomplete and in process 
of formation. 

11. Interior of zooecia, X 20. 

12. General aspect of the zooecia with ovicell, X 20. 

13. Marginal zooecia, X 20. The deep zooecia have a beak bearing a small avicularium which 
appears then as isolated. 

14. Zooecia, X 20, showing the different aspects of the beak when broken. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 


251 


Plate 8. 

Figs. 1-10. Metrarabdotos lacrymosum Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 164.) 

1. A group of fragments, natural size. 

2. Fragment, X 6, showing the little expanded base. 

3. Another fragment, X 6. 

4. A worn branch, X 20. The avicularia are absent or little apparent. 

5. Zooecia, X 20, with salient peristomes and large triangular avicularia. 

6. Worn zoarial fragment, X 20. 

7. Ordinary zooecia of a branch, X 20, with short, pointed triangular avicularia. 

8. Ordinary zooecia, X 20, with long avicularia. 

9. Branch, X 20, with ovicelled zooecia. The ovicell is slightly costulated and its frontal is granu - 
lose. 

10. Ovicelled zooecia, X 20, with the ovicell not costulated. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Figs. 11-16. Bracebridgia deformis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (p. 160.) 

11. Fragments, natural size. 

12. The usual aspect of the zooecia, X 20. The large frontal pore does not perforate the wall. 

13. Zooecia at the base of a zoarium, X 20. 

14. Zooecia, X 20 with the large frontal pore wanting. 

15. Zooecia, X 20, with the peristomial avicularium slightly visible. 

16. Interior of zooecia, X 20. The peristomial avicularium is visible, but the frontal pore does 
not perforate the zooecial wall. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

252 




U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 8 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa 


12184—23—Bull. 


For explanation of plate see page 262. 














U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 9 



7 

North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 253. 




















Plate 9. 


Fig. 1 . Membranipora spiculata, new species, (p. 21.) 

Zooecia of the incrusting type specimen, X 20, showing the curved spicules. 

Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina. 

Figs. 2-4. Pyripora brevicauda. new species, (p. 19.) 

2. Portion of the zoarium X 20. showing several of the fusiform heterozooecia. 

3. Another zoarium X 20, illustrating the flabelliform growth. Normal and deformed zooecia 
are present. 

4. Zooecia, X 20, with several calcified ones present. 

Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina. 

Fig. 5. Conopeum nitidulum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 27.) 

View of the type specimen X 20 illustrating the small flat cryptocyst and the triangular interope- 
sial spaces. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Pawpaw Point, Maryland. 

Figs. 6, 7. Membranipora fossuli/era Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 20.) 

6. An irregular specimen X 20 showing the large interzooecial tubercles, the small spines on the 
mural rim and some zooecia without tubercles. 

Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina. 

7. Photograph X 20 of the type specimen. 

The median channel between the walls, giving rise to the specific name, is apparent. 

Miocene (Calvert formation): Reeds, Maryland. 

Figs. 8-10. Membraniporina vincularina, new species, (p. 26.) 

8. A bilamellar zoarium, X 20, referred to this species. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Petersburg, Virginia. 

9. 10. The types of the species, fragments of the free rod-like zoaria, X 20. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

Fig. 11. Acanthodesia rectangularia, new species, (p. 34.) 

The incrusting type specimen X 20, showing the rectangular zooecia with deep cryptocyst. 
Miocene (Yorktown formation): Petersburg, Virginia. 

Fig. 12. Membranipora tuberimargo, new species, (p. 23.) 

Portion of the type specimen X 20 showing both ancestrula and normal zooecia. The single pair 
of distal tubercles and two pairs of lateral ones are quite visible on some zooecia. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland. 

Fig. 13. Membranipora speciosa, Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 44.) 

The original figure of this undetermined species. 

Miocene? Chiriqui, Central America. 

Fig. 14. Membraniporina baccata, new species, (p. 25.) » 

The incrusting, unilamellar zoarium, X 20, illustrating the numerous granules of the mural rim. 
Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, 
Virginia. 


253 



Plate 10. 


Figs. 1-3. Acanthodesia oblongula I lrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 34.) 

1. One of the original types of this incrusting species, X 20. illustrating the prominent inter- 
zooecial tubercles and the spinose processes (spicules) surrounding the opesium. 

Miocene (Calvert formation 1 ): Plum Point, Maryland. 

2. A specimen, X 20, showing the interzooecial tubercles joined. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Pawpaw Point, Maryland. 

3. Another of the original types, X 20, in which there are numerous spinose processes but with the 
interzooecial tubercles little developed. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Governor Run, Maryland. 

Figs. 4-5. Vibracellina pusilla, new species, (p. 35.) 

4. Ancestrular region of the incrusting zoarium, X 20. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, North ( arolina. 

5. A well-developed zoarium, X 20, illustrating normal and regenerated zooecia and the small 
but salient vibracula. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

Figs. 6-7. Vibracellina simplex, new species, (p. 35.) 

6. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the ancestrular region. The vibracula are very rare 
but heterozooecia are present. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

7. A small zoarium, X 20, showing the calcified ancestrula which engenders five zooecia. 
Several regenerated zooecia are present. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, North Carolina. 

Fig. 8. Conopeum germanum Ulrich and Bassler. 1904. (p. 27.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20, illustrating the interopesial cavities and other character¬ 
istics. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Dover Bridge, Maryland. 

Fig. 9. Hemiseptella filimargo, new species, (p. 71) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20. The salient rim separating the zooecia and the two large 
lateral as well as the smaller spicules of the opesium are evident . 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): York River, Virginia. 

Fig. 10-14. Membranipora flabellata Canu, 1904. (p. 20.) 

10. Surface of an outer lamella, X 20, with the tubercles worn away and the zooecia grouped 
around a false ancestrula. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia. 

11. Portion of a zoarium, X 20 , with the zooecia separated by interopesial cavities. 

12. Young zooecia, X 20, with thin mural rims. Other zooecia of this same zoarium are normal, 
tuberose or separated by interopesial cavities. 

13. Zooecia, X 20, with granulose mural rims. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Near Suffolk, Virginia. 

14. Photograph of an inner lamella, X 20, with the tubercles preserved. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation) Yorktown, Virginia. 

254 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 10 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 

For explanation of plate see page 254. 

\ / 




















U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE II 



10 

North 


American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 265. 



















Plate 11. 


Figs. 1-3. Acanthodesia savarti Audouin, 1826, forma typica. (p. 31.) 

1. An incrusting specimen X 20, of the typical form of the species, illustrating the considerable 
micrometric variations. Traces of the spicules in the opesium are visible. 

Miocene: Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia. 

2. An example X 20, with young zooecia. 

3. Surface of a free, multilamellar zoarium, X 20, with numerous spicules, in the opesium. 
Miocene (Yorktown formation): Near Suffolk, Virginia. 

Fig. 4. Acanthodesia savarti forma bifoliata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 33.) 

Surface of the bilamellar type zoarium, X 20, showing the thin mural rim, the absence of the cryp¬ 
tocyst, the tubercles at the angles and and spicules in the opesium. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland. 

Figs. 5-9. Acanthodesia savarti forma delicatula Busk, 1859. (p. 33.) 

5. An incrusting example, X 20, referred to this form. 

Miocene: Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Virginia. 

6. Zoarial fragments, natural size. 

7. A branch, X 20, on which the zooecia are developed in opposite directions. 

8. Another branch, X 20, in which the cryptocyst is small and the superficial ornament is ob¬ 
scured by fossilization. 

9. A well preserved branch, X 20, showing the unequal development of the cryptocyst. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Oeklocknee Biver, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

Figs. 10-12. Membrendoecium grande, new species, (p. 36.) 

10. Portion of the zoarium X 20, with irregular zooecia, one showing the endozooecial ovicell. 
Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

11. Marginal, elongated zooecia, X 20. 

12. Another portion of the same zoarium X 20, with several ovicelled zooecia. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 


255 


Plate 12. 


Figs. 1, 2. Membrendoecium parvicapitalum, new species, (p. 36.) 

1. The incrusting type specimen X 20, with ancestrular, normal, ovicelled and regenerated 
zooecia. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

2. An Early Miocene specimen, X 20, referred to this species. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Fig. 3. Callopora parviroslris, new species, (p. 41.) 

A portion of the type specimen, X 20, with normal and ovicelled zooecia, exhibiting the small, 
triangular, suberect avicularium. 

Miocene (Calvert formation): 1 mile south of Parkers Creek, Calvert County, Maryland. 

Figs. 4-5. Alderina cesticella, new species, (p. 39.) 

4. Ancestrular region of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing regenerated, calcified and ovi¬ 
celled zooecia. The ovicells have a prominent collar. 

5. Another view of the same zoarium, X 20, exhibiting regenerated zooecia and numerous salient 
spines on the zooecial walls. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest Magnolia, Duplin County, North 
Carolina. 

Fig. 6. Ogivalina parvula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 37.) 

The incrusting type specimen X 20. A small cryptocyst and often a small convex gvmnocyst 
are present. 

Miocene (Calvert formation): Reeds, Maryland. 

Fig. 7. Membraniporidra parva, new species, (p. 39.) 

The imperfect type specimen, X 20, with two ovicelled zooecia. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

Figs, 8, 9. Dakaria torquata D’Orbigny, i839. (p. 98.) 

8. Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, with ovicelled zooecia. 

9. Normal zooecia, X 20, illustrating the characteristic broad sinus. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia. 

Fig. 10. Hippodiplosia bigibbera, new species, (p. 131.) 

The incrusting zoarium. X 20, showing the aperture deformed by two frontal gibbosities. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia. 

Fig. 11. Callopora lanceolata, new species, (p. 41.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20, showing ovicelled and normal zooecia, diatellae and the 
large lanceolate avicularia. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg. Virginia. 

Fig. 12. Callopora dumerilii Savigny-Audouin, 1826. (See also pi. 1, fig. 2; pi. 2, fig. 23.) (p. 40.) 
Photograph of a specimen, X 20, referred to this species. 

Lower Miocene (Chipola marl): Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida. 

256 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


(BULLETIN 125 PLATE 12 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 266. 














U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 13 



11 

North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 257 










Plate 13. 

Figs. 1-6. Amphiblestrum constrictum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 44.) 

1. Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing numerous ovicelled zooecia, a giant 
zooecium, and deformed primoserial zooecia. 

2. Nonovicelled zooecia, X 20. 

3. Zoarium, X 20, exhibiting the ancestrula, calcified zooecia and regenerated zooecia. 

4. Worn zooecia, X 20, exposing the dietellae. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

5. Drawing of several zooecia of the type specimens, X 17. 

6. A portion of the type specimen, X 20, showing zooecia with nontrifoliate opesia. The lateral 
condyles are replaced by serrate denticles. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland. 

Fig. 7. Amphiblestrum tenuiparietis, new species, (p. 45.) 

The incrusting type X 20, showing the ancestrula and surrounding zooecia, all with thin mural 
rim. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

Figs. 8-10. Ramphonotus agellus Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 47.) 

8. The type specimen, X 20, showing the trifoliate opesium and the avicularia oriented in the 
zooecial axis. 

9. Drawing of a zooecium of the same, more enlarged. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland. 

10. An example, X 20, containing both ovicelled and unovicelled zooecia. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, 
Virginia. 

Figs. 11-13. Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (p. 46.) 

11. Specimen, X 20, showing ovicelled zooecia, unovicelled zooecia with 6 spines and worn 
zooecia exposing the dietellae. 

12. The incrusting zoarium X 20, illustrating the ancestrular region with several calcified zooecia. 

13. Another portion of the same specimen X 20, showing both ovicelled and unovicelled zooecia, 
and the dietellae. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation) Yorktown, Virginia. 


257 



Plate 14. 


Fig. 1. Chaperia parvispina, new species, (p. 54.) 

The type specimen X 20, illustrating the absence of large distal spines which are replaced by 
very small fragile ones. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of 
Tallahassee, Florida. 

Figs. 2-4. Chaperia eaminosa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 54.) 

2. One of the original types, X 20, with ovicelled zooecia and the salient triangular avicularium 
well developed. 

3. Another specimen not so well preserved, X 20, showing the ordinary zooecia. 

4. View of a zoarium, X 20, with the ovieells broken. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland. 

Fig. 5. Velumella elongata, new species, (p. 58.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, with large, elongated zooecia, several of which show the ovicell. 
Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, North Carolina. 

Fig. 6. Floridina minima, new species, (p. 57.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing both the ancestrular and marginal areas. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles northwest of Magnolia, North Carolina. 

Figs. 7, 8. Floridina regularis, new species, (p. 57.) 

7. The external layer of the lamellar incrusting zoarium, X 20. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

8. A variety of this species, X 20, distinguished by its slightly smaller zooecia. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, Duplin County, North 
Carolina. 

Fig. 9. Hemiseptella fistula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 73.) 

The original type, X 20, showing the spicules on the inferior border. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): St. Marys River, Maryland. 

Fig. 10. Hemiseptella ? lacinia Tuomey and Holmes, 1857. (p. 70.) 

The original figure of this doubtful species which has not been rediscovered. 

Miocene: Smith’s, Goose Creek, South Carolina. 

Fig. 11. Hemiseptella reclangulata, new species, (p. 74.) 

Photograph of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the rectangular form of the zooecia, the 
minute spinose processes, and the absence of dietellae. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Figs. 12, 13. Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. (p. 63.) 

12. Surface of a zoarium, X 20, showing the polypidian tube and the opesiules. 

13. An example, X 20, with both small (a) and large (B) zooecia, and illustrating clearly the 
large lip under which is a polypidian tube. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Monroe County, Florida. 

258 



U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 125 PLATE 14 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 268. 




















U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 15 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 269. 
















Plate 15. 


Figs. 1-5. Cupularia doma D’Orbigny, 1851. (See also plate 1, fig. 18.) (p. 77.) 

1. A zoarium, X 10, showing the ancestrular zooecia covering the substratum. These zooecia 
are calcified and deprived of polypide. 

2. Another zoarium X 10, illustrating that the ancestrular zooecia are easily detached in fossiliza- 
tion. 

3. Inner side of zoarium, X 10, which is smooth or slightly granulated. 

4. Inner (superior) side of a zoarium with hydrostatic zooecia, X 20. The ribs are smoooth and 
are not radially arranged. This difference in arrangement depends on the form of the substratum 
on which the larva fixes itself. 

5. Celluliferous face X 20, illustrating the form of the denticles. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Figs. 6-10. Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (p. 79.) 

6. Calcified ancestrular zooecia X 20. The vibracula alone are visible. 

7. Center of a zoarium X 20, deprived of calcified zooecia. 

8. Inner side of a large zoarium X 20, without hydrostatic zooecia, showing the regular bifurca¬ 
tion of each rib. 

9. Zooecia X 20, illustrating the two symmetrical condyles and the vestibular arch above, the 
auriculated vibracula and the irregular denticles below. 

10. A median section through a zoarium X 25, showing the substratum (s) upon which the larva 
became attached, the calcified hydrostatic zooecia (zh) covering the substratum and the ordinary 
zooecia surmounted by their vibracula (v). 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw Iliver, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Fig. 11. Cribrilina punctata Hassall, 1841. (p. 87.) 

The type specimen of Lepralia marylandica Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, X 20, showing its identity 
with this widespread fossil and recent species. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland. 

Fig. 12. Puellina radiata forma scripta Reuss, 1847. (See also pi. 35, fig. 1.) (p. 89.) 

A well-preserved example, X 20 with wide zooecia, somewhat approaching forma rarecosta, 
Reuss, 1847. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester County, Virginia. 

Fig. 13. Puellina innominata Couch, 1844. (p. 90.) 

A Miocene example of this widespread species, X 20. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

Fig. 14. Cribrilina ligulata, new species, (p. 88.) . 

The type specimen, X 25, showing the ancestrula and surrounding zooecia. The spines of the 
peristome are transformed by coalescence into several small tongues. 

Miocene (Calvert formation): 1 mile south of Parkers Creek, Calvert County, Maryland. 

Fig. 15. Cribrilina cuspidate, new species, (p. 88.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20 showing the line of small lacunae, the few large lacunae 
and the very large triangular avicularia with rounded beak. 

Miocene: Santiago, Cuba. 


259 


Plate 16. 

Fig. 1 . Trypostcga venusta Norman, 1S64. (p. 95.) 

A Miocene example of this widely distributed species, X 20. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Fig. 2. Lacerna mucronata Smitt, 1872. (p. 99.) 

A fossil, incrusting example X 20, referred to this recent species. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Fig. 3. Arthropoma cornuta, new species, (p. 97.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the characteristic sinus and the frontal protuberance. 
Miocene ((hoctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

Figs. 4-9. Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1842. (p. 99.) 

4. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating the triangular avicularia. 

5. A zoarium, X 20, with more rounded avicularia. The tremocyst is detachable from the sub¬ 
jacent olocyst. 

6. Interior of the zooecia X 20, illustrating the form of the apertura. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

i. An example, X 20, containing both round and triangular avicularia. 

Pleistocene: Los Angeles, California. 

8. Surface, X 20, showing several ovicelled zooecia. 

Pleistocene: Vero, Florida. 

9. A zoarium X 20 showing the ancestrular zooecia and the thinness of the zooecial walls. The 
dietellae are very narrow. 

Pleistocene: Dead Man’s Island off San Pedro, California. 

Fig. 10. Schizoporella cumulata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 96.) 

^ iew of the type specimen, X 20, showing the ii*regular arrangement and the piling up of the 
zooecia. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland. 

Figs. 11-15. Sckizopodrella florxdina Osburn, 1914. (p. 106.) 

11. A zoarium, natural size, composed of many lamellae. 

12. Non oriented ancestrular zooecia, X 20. 

13. Normal aspect of the zooecia, X 20. One zooecium has been regenerated with an avicularium 
occupying the apertura. 

14. A transverse section through a multilamellar zoarium, X 20. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

15. Zooecia X 20, showing the form of the apertura more clearly. Several of the apertures are 
closed. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

260 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 16 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


20 


For explanation of plate see page 2S0 


12184—23—Bull. 123 

















U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 17 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 261. 























Plate 17. 


Figs. 1-12. Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (p. 102.) 

I, 2. Two forms of the zoarium, natural size, made up of many lamellae. 

3, 4. Transverse sections of zoaria, natural size. 

5. Surface X 20, showing broad unovicelled zooecia. 

6. Another surface X 20, exhibiting nonoriented zooecia which bear conspicuous avicularia. 

7. Inferior face of a lamella, X 20. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

8. Normal zooecia with avicularia X 20. Dietellae are not present. The broken ovicell shows 
the tremocyst resting on the olocyst. 

9. Normal and ovicelled zooecia X 20. The ovicell surrounds and conceals the apertura. 

10. Ancestrular portion of a zoarium, X 20. 

II. Zooecial walls X 20, obtained by abrasion of the surface, showing arrangement of the septules. 

12. A portion of a zoarium X 20, with quite elongated zooecia. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

Fids. 13, 14. Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (p. 105.) 

13. Photograph of a well-preserved Miocene specimen, X 20, showing the form of the apertura 
and the avicularia clearly. 

14. Zooecia of the type specimen of Schizoporella subquadrata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, now con¬ 
sidered as a synonym of S. unicornis. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Governor Run, Maryland. 

Figs. 15-17. Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (p. 167.) 

15. Zooecia, X 20, of a form exhibiting only one avicularium above the aperture. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): 1 mile northeast Suffolk, Virginia. 

16. The normal form of the species, X 20, with two avicularia. 

17. Interior of zooecia, X 20, illustrating the two cardelles and the olocyst. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Monroe County, Florida. 

Figs. 18-19. Schizopodrella pusilla, new species, (p. 106.) 

18. The free bilamellar zoarium, natural size. 

19. Surface, X 20, showing the small zooecia with large tremopores. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 


261 




Plate 18. 


Fig3. 1-3. Schizopodrella doverensis Ulrich and Bailer, 1904. (p. 107.) 

1. A Pliocene example, X 20, referred to this species. 

2. Ancestrular portion of a zoariuin, X 20, showing irregular arrangement of zooecia. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

3. The incrusting type of the species, X 20. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Dover Bridge, Maryland. 

Fig. 4. Schizoporella lalisinuita Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 93.) 

Photograph of the original incrusting type, X 20. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland. 

Figs. 5, 6. Gemelliporella asper, new species, (p. 110). 

5. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, with oriented zooecia and showing both the large and small 
avicularia. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Oclclocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Tal¬ 
lahassee, Florida. 

6. A Pliocene example, X20, illustrating nonoriented zooecia, several of which preserve the 
ovicell. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Figs. 7-9. Hippoporina (?) vestita, new species, (p. 130.) 

7. View of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, with the zooecia more distinctly marked than usual. 

8. An example, X 20, showing at the base the calcareous pellicle covering the frontal and at the 
top, monstrous zooecia. All of the zooecia have indistinct outlines. 

9. An example, X 20, preserving some ovicelled zooecia. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Tal- 
lahasse, Florida. 

Fig. 10. Hippoporina gibbosa, new species, (p. 130.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20, showing the smooth frontal with its gibbosity, the shape of 
the aperture and the widely open ovicell. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Fig. 11. Lepralia montifera Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 134.) 

Photograph of the original type, X 20. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): St. Marys River, Maryland. 

262 


u. s. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 18 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 262. 























U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 19 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


t m W" a 

% . {V =- *. *$> , 

■T A* *“ 

% 










» * 


J • * 




• « < 


im ■ 


* 


* 


* 


* 


For explanation of plate see page 963. 











Plate 19. 


Figs. 1-9. Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (p. 111.) 

1. Ancestrular portion of the incrusting zoariumX20. The ancestrula is covered by the pleu- 
rocyst of the adjacent zooecia. 

2. Zooecia, X 20, with orbicular avicularia. The areolar pores and granular pleurocyst are 
evident. 

3. A zoarium, X 20, with indistinct zooecia and orbicular avicularia. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

4. Zooecia, X 20, with large spatulate avicularia. The areolae are limited by short costules. 

5. Zooecia, X 20, with large areolar pores and the granulated pleurocyst shown. 

6. Portion of a large zoarium, X 20, with indistinct zooecia and orbicular avicularia. 

7. Interior of the zooecia, X 20, showing the olocyst which supports the pleurocyst. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

8. Zooecia, X 20, with both large and small avicularia. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Monroe County, Florida. 

9. A zooecia of a young zoarium, X 20, with large spatulate avicularia. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

Fig. 10. Hippoporella spinosa, new species, (p. 132.) 

The incrusting type specimen X 20, showing the smooth frontal with small lateral areolar pores 
and the spines of the peristome. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia. 

Fig. 11. Cyclicopora? mansfieldi, new species, (p. 138.) 

Unovicelled zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the suborbicular aperture and the 
numerous large tremopores. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1J miles southwest of Reeds Ferry, Virginia. 

Figs. 12, 13. Microporella fissurifera, new species, (p. 121.) 

12. Unovicelled zooecia of the incrusting zoarium X 20, exhibiting the dietellae visible along 
the edge of the zooecia. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Near Macedonia Church, Essex County, Virginia. 

13. Ovicelled zooecia, X 20. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): 10 miles south of Greenville, North Carolina. 

Fig. 14. Hippoporella papulifera, new species, (p. 133.) 

Unovicelled zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, with distinct areolar pores and the charac¬ 
teristic mucro. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 


263 



Plate 20. 


Figs. 1-6. Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (See also pi. 36, figs. 4, 5.) (p. 119.) 

1. Incrusting portion of zoarium, X20, showing the typical zooecia. 

2. Bilamellar expansion of the same zoarium, X 20. The zooecia have large tremopores and no 
granules. 

Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina. 

3. Typical zooecia, X 20, with their frontal provided with granules and small tremopores. 
Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl)! Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

4. The original type specimen of Microporella praeciliata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, X 28, hither¬ 
to distinguished on account of its large tremopores. 

5. Several zooecia of the same, further enlarged. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland. 

6. The type specimen of Microporella in/lata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, now considered a synonym 
of M. ciliata. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland. 

Figs. 7-11. Microporella bifoliata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 121.) 

7. Photograph of the bifoliate type specimen, X 20, with both ovicelled and unovicelled zooecia . 

8. A drawing of two ovicelled zooecia. 

9. A zooecium and an avicularium highly magnified. 

10. Mature unovicelled zooecia, X 20. 

11. Unovicelled zooecia, X 20, illustrating appearance in young specimen. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Cordova, Maryland. 

Figs. 12, 13. Cyclocolposa (?) spinifera new species, (p. 136.) 

12. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, with ancestrular zooecia. The pleurocyst is incompletely 
developed. 

13. A zoarium with mature zooecia, X 20, showing the very thick frontal and the globular smooth 
ovicell. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester County, Virginia. 
Figs. 14, 15. Microporella hexagona, new species, (p. 120.) 

14. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the strongly calcified hexagonal zooecia. 

15. Another portion of the same specimen, X 20, illustrating the hexagonal shape of the zooecia, 
the large ascopore with its salient peristome and the triangular avicularia. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Darlington Courthouse, South Carolina. 

Fig. 16. Lalcaria grandis, new species, (p. 97.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia. 

264 



U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 20 



13 14 15 


North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


for explanation of plate see page 264 . 













U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 21 



North American Later TertiaryJand Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of flate see page 265. 




















Plate 21. 

Figs. 1-4. Cyclocolposa tenuiparietis, new species, (p. 136.) 

1. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, with some of the zooecia hearing a round avicularium. The 
thinness of the zooecial walls may be noted. 

2. Ovicelled zooecia, X 20, showing the ovicell deeply imbedded in the distal zooecium. 

3. Zooecia, X 20, exhibiting regular arrangement, the two rows of areolae and the granulated 
pleurocyst. 

4. Interior of the zooecia, X 20, illustrating the condyles on each side of the apertura. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Harvey’s Mills, Leon County, Florida. 

Figs. 5-9, Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (p. 137.) 

5. Surface of an incrusting lamella, X 20, with several ovicelled zooecia, showing that the ovicell 
entirely covers the apertura. 

6. Normal zooecia, X 20. 

7. Interior of the zooecia, X 20, illustrating the two lateral condyles on which the operculum 
oscillates. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

8. Zooecia, X 20, preserving a frontal gibbosity. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): 8 miles east of Snow Hill, North Carolina. 

9. A Pliocene example of this species, X 20; the zooecia are slightly less regular than in the 
Miocene form. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Figs. 10-14. Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (p. 139.) 

10. The incrusting zoarium with ovicelled zooecia, X 20. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Harvey’s Mills, Leon County, Florida. 

11. The ancestrula and surrounding zooecia, X 20. The first zooecium is an avicularium while 
the other four zooecia are normal. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Muldrow’s Mills, South Carolina. 

12. A very irregular incrusting zoarium, X 20. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

13. Zoarium with ovicelled zooecia, X 20. The orifice of the ovicell is distinct from the apertura. 

14. Broad marginal zooecia, X 20, without ovicell. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 


265 


Plate 22. 


Figs. 1-6. Leiosella edax , new species, (p. 142.) 

1. Fragments of the free unilamellar zoarium, natural size. 

2. A tubular zoarium, X 20, with the zooecia exhibiting the large rimule spiramen. 

3. Ovicelled zooecia, X 20. 

4. Zooecia, X 20, in which the small frontal avicularia are replaced by a large avicularium with 
spatulate mandibles. 

5. A tubular zoarium, X 20, showing zooecia provided with an irregular rimule spiramen and 
with small avicularia. 

6. Interior of zooecia, X 20, showing the apertura and the peristomial avicularium. 

Lower Miocene (Chipola marl): Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida. 

Figs. 7-14. Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (p. 143.) 

7. Unovicelled zooecia of a well preserved zoarium, X 20, with the avicularium small or absent. 

8. Ance3trula and surrounding zooecia of the same zoarium, X 20. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

9. Ancestrula region of a Miocene example, X 20. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

10. An abraded surface, X 20, showing the alternate arrangement of the zooecia between two 
rectilinear axes without septulae. 

11. An ovicelled zoarium, X 20, in which the ovicells are broken. The alternate arrangement 
of the zooecia is visible. 

12. Zooecia, X 20, with salient avicularia. 

13. Zooecia, X 20, in which the peristome is formed by two lateral salient lips. 

14. Zooecia, X 20, with well-preserved ovicells. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

266 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 22 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 266. 

















U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 23 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 267. 











Plate 23. 


Figs. 1-3. Porella ( Palmicellaria ) convoluta Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 150.) 

1. The convoluted, bifoliate zoarium, natural size. 

2. Zooecia, X 20, showing the prominent mucro and the avicularium. 

3. Surface of another fragment, X 20, with several closed zooecia. 

Miocene (Calvert formation): Reeds, Maryland. 

Fig. 4. Porella ( Palmicellaria ) punctata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 150.) 

The bifoliate type specimen, X 20. 

Miocene (Calvert formation): Reeds, Maryland. 

Figs. 5-10. Porella reversa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 148.) 

5. Portion of the iucrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the zooecia with thin raised borders. 

6. Another zoarium, X 20, with ovicelled zooecia. 

7. Drawing showing usual aspect of the ovicelled and unovicelled zooecia, X 28.5. 

8. Zooecia of a specimen with ovicells, X 28.5. 

9. Several zooecia, X 28.5, with the boundaries well defined. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland. 

10. A view of the zooecial walls after abrasion of the frontal, X 20. 

Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina. 

Figs. 11-17. Retepora doverensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 152) 

11-13. Three specimens, natural size. 

14. Portion of a type specimen, X 20, showing the fissured ovicell and the wide irregular rimule 
spiramen. 

15. Noncelluliferous side of a zoarium, X 20. 

16. One of the original types, X 8, with ovicelled zooecia. 

17. Drawing of several zooecia, X 30. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Dover Bridge, Maryland. 


267 


Plate 24. 

Figs. 1, 2. Adeona heckeli Reus3, 1847. (p. 158.) 

1. Surface of zoarium, X 20, showing convex, young zooecia. 

2. The normal aspect of the zoarium, X 20, in which the zooecia are flat. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Figs. 3, 4. Tremogasterina horrida, new species, (p. 168.) 

3. The free, bilamellar zoarium, natural size. 

4. Zooecial surface, X 20, illustrating the large median orbicular pore surrounded by a line of 
areolar pores, and the immense triangular avicularium. 

Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

Figs. 5-8. Adeonellopsis coccinella, new species, (p. 161.) 

5. Fragments of the bilamellar zoarium, natural size. 

6. Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20, with poorly oriented zooecia. 

7. Another surface, X 20, with more regularly arranged zooecia and showing the frontal perfor¬ 
ated by stellate pores. 

8. Interior of zooecia, X 20, illustrating the frontal perforations. 

Lower Miocene (Chipola marl); Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida. 

Fig. 9. Lagenipora (?) brevicollis, new species, (p. 171.) 

Zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating the form of the apertura, the tremopores, 
and the occasional small avicularia. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina. 

Figs. 10-13. Holoporella parvula, new species, (p. 175.) 

10. The free irregularly branched zoarium, natural size. 

11. Surface, X 20, illustrating the very small, cumulate zooecia. 

12. Another portion of the type, X 20, showing the small umbo before the apertura more clearly. 

13. Zooecia, X 20, with areolar pores distinctly visible. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Cape Fear River, 28 miles northwest of Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Fig. 14. Holoporella rostrifera, new species, (p. 175.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, exhibiting the erect, indistinct zooecia with the four salient ro3tra 
about the apertura. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): York River, Virginia. 

Fig. 15. Aeteaanguina (?) Linnaeus, 1758. (p. 49.) 

The incrusting network, X 20, referred doubtfully to this recent species. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

268 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 2 X 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


12184—23—Bull. 125 


21 


FOS EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 263. 






















U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 25 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 269. 












Plate 25. 

Figs. 1, 2. Holoporella (?) echinata, new species, (p. 177.) 

1. The globular zoarium, natural size. 

2. Zooecia, X 20, showing two oral spines and the absence of areolar pores. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown ,Virginia. 

Figs. 3-6. Holoporella orbifera, new species, (p. 177.) 

3. 4. Two examples of the irregular, massive zoaria, natural size. 

5. Portion of the zoarium, X 20, with large interzooecial avicularia. The areolar pores, the 
convex frontal, and the form of the apertura are well shown. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

6. Another surface, X 20, illustrating the usual characters noted. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Fig. 7. Holoporella massalis, Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 177.) 

Surface of the original type, X 20. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): St. Marys River, Maryland. 

Fig. 8. Cellepora cribrosa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 183.) 

Photograph of the type specimen, X 20. 

Miocene (Calvert formation): Reeds, Maryland. 

Fig. 9. Holoporella subturrita, new species, (p. 176.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating the four prominent rostra with avicularia, about each 
apertura. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Twenty-eight miles northwest of Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Figs. 10-13. Cellepora minuta, new species, (p. 182.) 

10-12. Two zoaria, natural size, with a third cut through the middle, showing growth upon gas¬ 
tropod shells. 

13. Surface of a zoarium, X 20, illustrating the small size of the zooecia, a single row of areolar 
pores and the occurrence of small tubular avicularia only. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Figs. 14-20. Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 182.) 

14-16. Three zoaria, natural size, growing as usual upon gastropod shells. 

17. Drawing of the surface, X 17, illustrating the shape of the apertura and the two kinds of 
avicularia as well as the areolar pores. 

18. Photograph of zooecia, X 20, illustrating the large interzooecial avicularia. 

19. A section through a zoarium, X 10, showing the accumulation of the zooecia. 

20. An enlargement of the same, X 25, showing the arrangement and structure in more detail. 
Miocene (Calvert formation): Plum Point, Maryland. 


269 



Plate 26. 

Figs. 1-3. Ceriopora virginiana, new species, (p. 193.) 

1. The irregular globular zoarium, natural size. 

2. Surface, X 12, showing the thin walls of the polygonal zooecia. 

3. Portion of the same, X 25. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): One mile northeast of Suffolk, Virginia. 

Figs. 4-6. Atelesopora reptans, new species, (p. 194.) 

4. Zoaria, natural size, incrusting a shell. 

5. A complete zoarium, X 12, with the zone of growth showing small lobes. 

6. A narrow flabellate zoarium, X 12. with a thick zone of growth. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Muldrows Mills, 5 miles south of Mayville, Sumter County, South Caro¬ 
lina. 

Fig. 7. Proboscina viesleri, new species, (p. 193.) 

The type specimen, X 12, showing the long branches with three rows of zooecia. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina. 

Fig. 8. Idmonea (?) expansa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 200.) 

The irregular, flabellate, incrusting zoarium, X 12. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Cove Point, Maryland. 

Figs. 9-12. Theonoa glomerata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 201.) 

9, 10. A large specimen, natural size, and a photograph, X 4. 

11. A small specimen, natural size. 

12. Another view of the same, X 4. 

Figs. 13-15. Idmonea planula, new species, (p. 199.) 

13. The free zoarium, natural size. 

14. Anterior side, X 12, showing the salient fascicles closely arranged and opposite to each other. 

15. Posterior side of the same specimen, X 12, illustrating the flat, transversely striated dorsal. 
Miocene (Choctawhatehee marl): Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Talla¬ 
hassee, Florida. 

270 



U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 26 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 270. 









U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 27 



SV-: 


*« 




iS 


9.9 


01 


5/U s 

A '•') V'* * 


. '4Ms 


* or 

13 


#-> . • -r -' / <-!/' . 

s <v. 1 V r i 

V’ * ^ < V ", :f. /'* 


NorthIAmerican Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


-a •« 


' „ f ■ i 






For explanation of plate see page 271 

















Plate 27. 


Figs. 1-4. Crisina striatopora Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (p. 200.) 

1. The type specimen, X 5. 

2. View of the end of a branch, X 17. 

3. Lateral view of one of the branches, X 23. 

4. Upper surface of the same branch, X 17. 

Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland. 

Figs. 5-11. Tretocycloecia avellana, new species, (p. 206.) 

5-6. Two specimens natural size, showing variations in the free spherical zoarium. 

7. Surface of a globular specimen, X 12. 

8. Zoarial surface, X 25. 

9. Surface, X 12, showing that the ovicell is large and irregular. 

10. A tangential thin section, X 25. 

11. A longitudinal thin section, X 25, showing the hollow walls and the absence of diaphragms. 
Miocene (Duplin marl): one-half mile above Edenliouse Point, Chowan River, North Carolina. 

Figs. 12-13. Spathipora longicauda, new species, (p. 16.) 

A portion of the type specimen, X 20 and X 10, illustrating the elongated fusiform zooecia with 
a long peduncle attached to the canalicules at an angle of about 45°. 

Miocene (St. Mary’s formation): Bowler’s wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, 
Virginia. 

Fig. 14. Spathipora cucullata, new species, (p. 16.) 

The type specimen, X 20, showing the zooecia embedded in the shell substance. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Beulahland, Virginia. 

Figs. 15-16. Terebripora parvicella, new species, (p. 15.) 

Two views of the type specimen, X 10 and X 20, illustrating the very thin canalicules branching 
almost at right angles and the slightly oblique arrangement of the zooecia. 

Miocene (Duplin marl): two miles southwest of Magnolia, North Carolina. 

Fig. 17. Berenicea flabellum? Reuss, 1847. (p. 194.) 

The American example, X 12, referred doubtfully to this European species. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Weavers Pond, Gloucester County, Virginia. 


271 


Plate 28. 


Figs. 1-12. Trelocycloecia torlilis Lonsdale, 1845. (p. 206.) 

I, 2. Fragments of the irregularly branched, cylindrical zoarium, natural size. 

3. Surface of a specimen, X 12, with a group of broken ovicells. The superior layer of the ovicells 
has disappeared in fossilization. 

4. A large isolated ovicell, X 12, with its upper surface broken away. 

5. Surface of ordinary zooecia, X 12, showing the mesopores grouped together in many parts of 
the branch. 

6. Same surface, X 25, illustrating the thickness of the zooecial walls. 

7. 8. Another surface, X 12 and a portion of the same, X 25, in which the zooecia have thin walls 
and the mesopores are arranged irregularly between the apertures. 

9. Outer portion of longitudinal thin section, X 25. 

10. Tangential thin section, X 25. 

II. Several zooecia of the same, X 100, showing that the internal walls are much calcified and 
are separated by a less dense tissue. 

12. Portion of a transverse thin section, X 25. 

Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia. 

272 






U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 28 





10 " 

North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 272. 








































U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 29 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 273. 






Plate 29. 

Figs. 1-3. Electra monostachys Busk, 1854. (p. 17.) 

1. An expanded zoarium, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Wailes Bluff, near Cornfield Harbor, St. Marys County, Maryland. 

2. Unilinear series of zooecia, X 20, with zooecia somewhat larger than usual. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

3. A flabelliform zoarium, X 20. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Fig. 4. Membranipora lacroixii Audouin, 1826. (p. 22.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the finely striated mural rims and the small tubercle at 
each interzooecial angle. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Figs. 5, 6. Hemiseptella planulata, new species, (p. 74.) 

5. Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, somewhat worn but showing the flat cryptocyst and 
the tubercles at the interzooecial angles. 

6. A better preserved example, X 20, with the spinous processes visible. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Fig. 7. Puellina crassilabiata, new species, (p. 91.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the thick transverse lip along the edge of the apertura. 
Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Fig. 8. Hemiseptella granulosa, new species, (p. 74.) 

The unilamellar zoarium, X 20, exhibiting the characteristic irregular opesial proximal border 
with spinous processes and the granulose mural rim. 

Miocene: Charleston, South Carolina. 


273 


Plate 30. 

Fig. 1. Dakaria parviporosa, new species, (p. 98.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, exhibiting the form of aperture and the minute tremopores. 
Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Figs. 2, 3. Microporella tessellata Tuomey and Holmes, 1857. (p. 122.) 

2. Zooecia, X 20, showing a large avicularium placed lower than the apertura. 

3. Ancestrular region, X 20, with several worn zooecia exhibiting the dietellae. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Figs. 4, 5. Schizopodrella marginala, new species, (p. 107.) 

4. Usual aspect of the incrusting zoarium, X 20. 

5. Zooecia, X 20, with the marginal rims worn away. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Figs. G-14. Cyclocolposa perforata, new species, (p. 135.) 

6. Normal zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20. 

7. Ovicelled zooecia, X 20. 

8. Portion of a zoarium, X 20, showing two ancestrular areas with their surrounding zooecia 
(numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). 

9. Ancestrular region, X20, with the auce3trula covered by the pleurocyst of the aijace it zooecia 

10. Zooecia, X 20, exhibiting the olocyst and illustrating that the pleurocyst is detachable. 

11. Ancestrular region, X 20. The ance3trula is reduced to its apertura. 

12. Interior of the zooecia, X 25, exhibiting the olocyst. 

13. Worn zooecia, X 20, showing the dietellae. 

14. Ancestrular region, X 20, with surface worn away and illustrating the arrangement of the 
zooecia around the ance3trula. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

274 


t 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 30 









M * 


% • * • 
+ 4 # 








3*. 


North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 274. 













U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 31 




North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 276. 





























Plate 31. 


Figs. 1-9. Metrarabdotos auriculatum, new species, (p. 164.) 

1. Two fragments of the narrow bilamellar zoarium, natural size. 

2. Young convex zooecia, X 20. Two zooecia bear the large supraoral avicularium. 

3. The usual aspect of the zooecial surface, X 20. The peristomice is deeply embedded. 

4. Much calcified, convex zooecia, X 20. 

5. Zoarial surface, X 20, showing two broken ovicells. 

6. Surface of a young zoarium, X 20. 

7. View of the interior of the zooecia, X 20, illustrating the areolar pores, and the subjacent 
olocyst. 

8. Longitudinal thin section, X 12. 

9. Transverse thin section, X 12, exhibiting the thick zooecial walls perforated by the areolar 
pores. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, and Monroe County (figs. 4-6), 
Florida. 

Figs. 10-11. Smittina maleposita, new species, (p. 144.) 

10. Surface of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the characteristic poorly oriented zooecia. 
Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl); Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

11. Zooecia, X 20, several of which bear the large, globular, finely perforated ovicell. 
Pleistocene: Yero, Florida. 

Fig. 12. Floridina parvicella, new species, (p. 57.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Figs. 13,14. Schizopodrella aculeata, new species, (p. 104.) 

13. The massive multiliamellar zoarium, natural size. 

14. Zooecia, X 20, showing the wide tremopores and the large, long, pointed avicularium. 
Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 


275 


Plate 32. 

Figs. 1-4. Holoporella bicornis, new species, (p. 178.) 

I, 2. Two zoarial masses, natural size. 

3. The usual aspect of the surface, X 20. 

4. Another surface, X 20, illustrating occurrence of the deep zooecia. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina. 

Fig. 5. Aimulosia radiata, new species, (p. 140.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating the characteristic interareolar radiating costules. 
Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

Figs. 6-10. Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (See also pi. 7, figs. 9-14.) (p. 174.) 

6. The irregular, massive zoarium, natural size. 

7. Usual aspect of the surface, X 20, showing the zooecia altered by fossilization. 

8. Portion of a zoarium, X 20, showing numerous interzooecial avicularia. 

9. Another zoarial surface, X 20, in which the areolar pores are closed and the oral sinus is lim¬ 
ited by a spiniform umbo. 

10. Interior of zooecia, X 20, illustrating zooecia around the ancestrula. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

Figs. 11-13. Schismopora brevincisa, new species, (p. 180.) 

II. Surface of the incrusting zoarium. X 20. 

12. Another view, X 20, showing incomplete zooecia. 

13. Zooecia, X 20, illustrating the form of the aperture and the areolar pores. 

Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida. 

276 




U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 32 



12184—23—Bull. 125 


For explanation of plate see paqe 276. 



















U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 33 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page ?77 


















Plate 33. 


Figs. 1, 2. Mystriopora? areolata, new species, (p. 19.) 

1. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the pyriform zooecia, the zooeciules, and the inter- 
zooecial areolae. 

2. Another example, X 20, preserving longer zooeciules. 

Pleistocene: Long Wharf Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 3-5. Membranipora tuberculata Bose, 1802. (p. 22.) 

3. A fossil example of this widespread recent species, X 20, with very large tubercles. 

4. Another example, X 20, with the tubercles less developed and the zooecia still retaining their 
chitinous parts. 

Pleistocene: Santa Monica, California. 

5. Surface of a recent specimen, X 20, showing identity with the fossil form. 

Pacific Ocean: Santa Monica, California. 

Fig. 6. Membraniporina californica Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 25.) 

Original figure. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 7-9. Conopeum barbarensis Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 28.) 

7. Gabb and Horn’s figure of this species. 

8. A small incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the simplicity of structure. 

9. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the distinct zooecia with thin mural rim and several 
avicularia. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 10. Hincksina quadrispinosa, new species, (p. 38.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating the large elongated zooecia with four distal spines. 
Two regenerated zooecia are also shown. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Fig. 11. Hincksina multispinata, new species, (p. 38.) 

Zooecia, X 20, of the incrusting zoarium, showing their small, elongated oval shape and the 
numerous hollow spines. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 12. Callopora multipora Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 44.) 

Gabb and Horn’s figure of this interesting species, which has not been rediscovered. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 13. Callopora crassospina, new species, (p. 41.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20. The long fusiform avicularium and the six hollow spines 
are to be noted. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 14-16. Caulorampbus triangularis, new species, (p. 48.) 

14. The incrusting type specimen, X 20. The numerous hollow spines and the small triangular 
avicularium are to be noted. 

15. An example showing the ancestrular zooecia, X 20. 

16. An ovicelled specimen, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 17. Caulorampbus porosus, new species, (p, 48.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20, illustrating the large distinct zooecia separated by numerous 
pores. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 18, 19. Callopora horrida Hincks, 1880. (p. 43.) 

18. Unilamellar, recent zoarium, X 20, with areal spines preserved. 

Pacific coast near Los Angeles, California. 

19. Zooecia of an incrusting fossil example, X 20, illustrating the large avicularia and the areal • 
spines. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 


277 


Plate 34. 


Figs. 1-3. Callopora circumclathrata Hincks, 1881. (p. 43.) 

1. Well-preserved specimen, X 20, with ovicells and avicularia. 

2. Zoarial surface, X 20, shoving the zooecia, avicularia areolar spaces, and the dietellae. 

3. An ovicelled specimen, X 20, with large avicularia. 

Pleistocene: Long Wharf Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Fig. 4. Rhamphonotus multispinatus, new species, (p. 47.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20, showing the two sizes of spines, a pair of large ones which 
constrict the opesium and numerous smaller ones. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 5-7. Cupularia robertsoniae, new species, (p. 82.) 

5. The disk-shaped zoaria, natural size. 

6. External inferior face, X 20. 

7. Internal superior face, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Long Wharf Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Fig. 8-10. Chaperia galeata Busk, 1853. (p. 52.) 

8. A Pleistocene example of this widespread recent and fossil species, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

9. Ovicelled zooecia showing the characteristic rectilinear distal border. 

10. Another fragment, X 20, with one complete ovicell and the spines and avicularia well shown. 
Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 11-14. Cellaria mandibulata Hincks, 1882. (p. 86.) 

11. A segment, X 20, showing a large avicularian zooecium. 

12. Another fragment, X 20, with an avicularian zooecium. The round orifice of the inferior 
zooecium is the passage for the corneous joint bearing another segment. 

13. An ordinary segment, X 20. 

14. Several fragmentary segments, natural size. 

Pleistocene: Los Angeles, California. 

Figs. 15-18. Cellaria fmuri/era, new species, (p. 85.) 

15. A worn segment, X 20. The opening of the ovicell is very narrow. 

16. Segment, X 20, bearing zooecium with round orifice through which the chitinous joint of 
another segment passed. 

17. Segment, X 20, with rhomboidal zooecia and bearing two avicularia. The orifice of the 
ovicell is a narrow elongated fissure. 

18. Several fragments, natural size. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 19, 20. Cellaria diffusa Robertson, 1905. (p. 86.) 

A segment natural size and enlarged, X 20, illustrating the characters of this beautiful species. 
The orifice of the ovicell has the characteristic proximal tongue. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

278 




U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 34 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 278. 























U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 35 



NorthIAmerican Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 279, 
















Plate 35. 


Fig. 1 . Puellina radiata forma scripta Reuss, 1847. (See also pi. 15, fig. 12.) (p. 89.) 

Well-preserved zoarium, X 20, with elongated zooecia and well-developed avicularia and spines. 
Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 2, 3. Puellina heermanni Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 89.) 

2. Several zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the wide costules and the oral spines. 

3. A single zooecium, X 20, illustrating the rectilinear proximal border of the apertura. 
Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 4. Metracolposa mucronata, new species, (p. 92.) 

The incrusting type specimen, X 20, showing the large keeled ovicell. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 5-8. Hippotlioa hyalina Linnaeus, 1768. (p. 92.) 

5. Portion of a zoarium, X 20, illustrating the three kinds of zooecia. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

6. A zoarium, X 20, formed almost entirely of ordinary zooecia and showing the ancestrula. 

7. A small incrusting patch, X 20, with ordinary zooecia only. 

8. A mature example, X 20, in which the irregular arrangement of the male zooecia gives a 
celleporoid effect. 

Pleistocene: Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro, California. 

Fig. 9. Eippothoa hyalina, var. rugosa, new variety, (p. 94.) 

Type example, X 20, showing the characteristic frontal wrinkles. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 10. Schizolavella vulgaris Moll, 1803. (p. 108.) 

The Pleistocene specimen referred to this species, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 11. Schizomavella longirostrata Hincks, 1883. (p. 109.) 

A fossil example referred to this recent species, X 20. The large avicularium and the very small 
tremopores are shown. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 12-14. Trypematella papulifera, new species, (p. 135.) 

12. Surface of the unilamellar zoarium, X 20, showing unovicelled zooecia. 

13. A zoarium, X 20, bearing ovicell. 

14. Transverse section of the hollow tubular zoarium, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 


279 






Plate 36. 

Fig. 1 . Lepralia cribrosaf Maplestone, 1900. (p. 134.) 

Surface of the specimen, X 20, referred to this Australian Miocene species. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 2, 3. Feneslrulina malusi Savigny-Audouin, 1826. (p. 115.) 

2. Photograph, X 20, showing small zooecia. 

3. Zoarium, X 20, with large zooecia, some showing the ovicell. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 4, 5. Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (See also pi. 20, figs. 1-6.) (p. 119.) 

4. Zoarium, X 20, exhibiting zooecia with small avicularia. 

5. Zoarium, X 20, in which the zooecia have large avicularia. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 6, 7. Microporella umbonata Hincks, 1882. (p. 123.) 

6. Marginal zooecia without ovicell, X 20. 

7. Ovicelled zooecia of the same specimen, X 20, exhibiting also the frontal umbo. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 8-10. Microporella cali/ornica Hincks, 1883. (p. 123.) 

8. Zooecia, X 20, showing only a single but well-developed avicularium. 

9. Zoarium with ovicell zooecia, X 20, with a single avicularium. 

Pleistocene: Long Wharf Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

10. Normal and ovicelled zooecia of a large expansion, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 11, 12. Microporella vibraculifera Hincks, 1883. (p. 124.) 

11. A zoarium, X 20, with ancestrular zooecia. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

12. Ovicelled and normal zooecia, X 20, illustrating the avicularia and the six hollow spines. 
Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 13. Microporella eustomxita Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 124.) 

Zoarial surface, X 20, with ovicelled and normal zooecia and -with the avicularium oblique to the 
zooecial axis. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

280 


u. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 36 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 280 










U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 37 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 281. 









Plate 37. 


Figs. 1, 2. Microporella heermani Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 125.) 

1. Ordinary and ovicelled zooecia, X 20. The large dimensions, granular frontal and small 
tremopores and avicularia are illustrated. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

2. The original figure of the species. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 3. Microporella gibbera, new species, (p. 126.) 

Surface of the unilamellar zoarium, X 20, showing the distinct, irregular, gibbose zooecia. 
Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Fig. 4. Fenestrulina porosa, new species, (p. 117.) 

Surface of the incrusting zoarium, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Long Wharf Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Fig. 5. Cyclicopora gigantea, new species, (p. 139.) 

Surface of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the extreme size of the zooecia. 

Pleistocene: Tremochal Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Fig. 6. Eurystomella bilabiata Ilincks, 1884. ( p. 142.) 

A fossil specimen, X 20, referred to this interesting recent species. 

Pleistocene: Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro, California. 

Figs. 7-9. Smittina californiens is Robertson, 1908. (p. 146.) 

7. Zooecia, X 20, showing thin areolar costules and the peristome formed by two lateral tuber¬ 
osities. 

8. Another example, X 20, with two small lateral avicularia and a large interzooecial avicu- 
larium developed. 

9. Surface of zooecia, X 20, with the two small avicularia, one of which has the beak directed 
upward and the other downward. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 10-12. Smittina grandicella, new species, (p. 145.) 

10. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the large distinct zooecia and the distal pores in 
the peristome. 

11. Another example, X 20, not so well preserved. 

12. A zoarium, X 20, with the frontal removed, illustrating the sinuous arrangement of the 
walls, which are without septulae. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 


281 


Plate 38. 

Figs. 1-7. Smitlina discoidea, new species, (p. 145.) 

1. Fragments of the unilamellar zoarium, natural size. 

2. Surface, X 20, showing the large interzooecial avicularium. 

3. Zooecial surface, X 20, with the large avicularium replaced by two small ones. Ovicelled 
zooecia are present. 

4. Lower side, X 20. 

5. Another surface, X 20, in which the large avicularium is unguiculate. 

6. Zooecia, X 20, with the large avicularia turned in different directions. 

7. Interior of zooecia, X 20, showing that the lyrula is accompanied by two cardelles. 
Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Fig. 8. Cystisella aviculifera, new species, (p. 152.) 

Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the small ancestrular zooecia and the large 
marginal ones. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 9. Smittina pori/era Hincks, 1884. (p. 147.) 

Zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the convex frontal perforated by pores. 
Pleistocene: Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 10-15. Porella colli/era Robertson, 1908. (p. 148.) 

10. Zoaria, natural size. 

11. Ovicelled zooecia, X 20. 

12. Surface, X 20, with one zooecium bearing a small ovicell. 

13. Zooecia, X 20, with a very salient peristome. 

Pleistocene: Santa Monica, California. 

14. Zooecia, X 20, with large tremopores. 

15. Interior of zooecia, X 20. The oral avicularium is supported by a denticulated lyrula. 
Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

282 



U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 38 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 282. 



















U. S. NATIONAL' MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 39 


North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 



For explanation of plate see page 283. 











Plate 39. 

Figs. 1-7. Phidolopora pacifica Robertson 1908. (p. 154.) 

1. Zoarial fragments, natural size. 

2. Celluliferous side of fragment, X 20, with the frontal avicularium well developed. 

3. Another fragment, X 20, in which the frontal avicularium is absent or worn away. 

4. Tangential thin section of the dorsal, X 25, illustrating the special calcification of the vibices. 

5. View of the interior of the zooecia, X 20. ap, apertura; pic, peristomie; d, dietellae. 

6. Dorsal side of zoarium, X 20, showing some radicular pores and an avicularium. 

7. Transverse thin section, X 25. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 8, 9. Phylactella spinosissima, var. major Hincks, 1884. (p. 170.) 

8. Zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the recumbent ovicell. 

9. A specimen, X 20, with zooecia exhibiting the spines, oral mucro, and the tremopores. 
Pleistocene: Long Wharf Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 10-12. Costazzia robertsoniae, new species, (p. 181.) 

10. Zoaria, natural size. 

11. Surface of the globular zoarium, X 20, with ovicelled zooecia and interzooecial avicularia. 

12. Another surface, X 20, showing incomplete zooecia. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 13-17. Phidolopora labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 154.) 

13. The reticulated zoarium, natural size. 

14. Celluliferous surface, X20, showing zooecia with large salient avicularia. 

15. A fragment, X 20, with ovicelled zooecia. 

16. Dorsal side of a fragment, X 20, illustrating the irregular vibices. 

17. Another fragment, X 20, with the zooecia distinctly outlined by a salient thread. 
Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 


283 


Plate 40. 

Figs. 1-4. Tubucellaria punctulata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 170.) 

1. Zoarial fragments, natural size. 

2. A ramified segment, X 20. 

3. Another segment, X 20, illustrating the zooecial surface. 

4. Longitudinal section, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 5, 6. Tubucellaria punctulata, var. minor, new variety, (p. 170.) 

A fragment natural size, and surface of the same, X 20. The smaller size of the zooecia and 
tremopores is evident. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 7. Lagenipora spinulosa Hincks, 1884. (p. 171.) 

An example, X 20, much changed by fossilization. 

Pleistocene. Dead Mans Island, off San Pedro, California. 

Figs. 8, 9. Eoloporella umbonata, new species, (p. 178.) 

8. Zooecial surface, X 20, illustrating the areolar pores. 

9. Well-developed example with interareolar costules radiating from the umbo. Several ovi- 
celled zooecia are present. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 10, 11. Schismopora abrupta, new species, (p. 180.) 

10. Surface of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, with some of the usual small avicularia transformed 
into very long ones. 

11 Another surface, X 20. The transverse, smooth, deeply embedded ovicell and the numerous 
small triangular avicularia are quite visible. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 12-15. Schismopora lanceolata, new species, (p. 181.) 

12. The small lamellar zoarial masses, natural size. 

13. Surface, X 20, illustrating the triangular sinus of the apertura and the lanceolate interzooecial 
avicularia. 

14. Ovicelletl zooecia, X 20. The characteristic avicularia are also present. 

15. Portion of the zooecial surface, X 20, showing the incomplete zooecia. 

Pleistocene: Santa Monica, California. 

284 



U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 40 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 

For explanation of plate see page 284. 

12184—23—Bull. 12*5-23 














































U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 41 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 

For explanation of plate see page 286. 


17 












Plate 41. 


Figs. 1-5. Entalophora fascieulifera, new species, (p. 195.) 

1. Zoarial fragments, natural size. 

2. A large example, X 12, with tubes little salient. 

3. A fragment, X 12, showing three fascicles of two zooecia each. 

4. 5. An example with long peristomes, X 12, and a portion of the same, X 25. 

Pleistocene: Tremochal Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 6-10. Idmonea dispar, new species, (p. 198.) 

6. Fragments, natural size. 

7. Anterior (cellular) face, X 12. 

8. Posterior side showing longitudinal striations, X 12. 

9. Lateral view of a fragment, X 12, bearing a small branch. 

10. A portion of figure 7, X 25. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 11-19. Filispnrsa clarki, new species, (p. 195.) 

11. Fragments of the zoarium, natural size. 

12-14. Three examples, X 12, showing different aspects of the anterior face. 

15. A specimen with a dorsal apophysis, X 12. 

16. An example, X 12, in which the peristomes are grouped in transverse and oblique rows. 

17. Portion of a zoarium, X 25. 

18. Posterior side, X 12. 

19. An ovicelled example, X 12. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 20-22. Filisparsa clarlci, var. parvula, new variety, (p. 196.) 

20. 21. Anterior side of the zoarium, X 12 and X 25, showing the slightly smaller dimensions. 
22. Posterior side, X 12, illustrating transverse wrinkling. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 


285 



Plate 42. 

Fios. 1-7. Crista serrata Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 196.) 

1. Zoarial segments, natural size. 

2. Characteristic segment, X 12. 

3. Noncelluliferous side of a segment, X 25, with two ramal bases. 

4. Another segment, X 25, with two ramal bases. Some of the apertures are closed by lamellae. 

5. Another segment, X 25. 

6. A segment, X 25, showing the characteristic median carina and but a single ramal base. 
Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

7. Portion of an ovicelled segment, X 25. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Fig. 8. Crisia, species. 

Several segments, X 12, still united by their corneous joints, which have not been destroyed by 
fossilization. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 9-17. Tubulipora fasdculifera Hincks, 1884. (p. 197.) 

9-11. Three zoaria, X 12, illustrating variations in form. 

12. An example, X 12, showing a small lateral ovicell. 

13. Another ovicelled example, X 12, illustrating the large oeciostome at the beginning of a 
fascicle. 

14. 15. Two unovicelled zoaria, X 12, with short fascicles. 

16. Several zoaria, natural size. 

17. Fragment of a zoarium, X 25. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 18-23. Tubulipora tuba Gabb and Horn, 1862. (p. 198.) 

18. Zoarium, natural size. 

19. A young ovicelled specimen with short fascicles, X 12. 

20. An ovicelled example with a long capillary oeciostome, X 12. 

21. Surface of the same, X 25, illustrating the ovicell and oeciostome. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

22. An idmoneiform ovicelled specimen, X 12, with long fascicles. 

23. An irregular flabellate specimen, X 12. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

286 




U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 42 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa 


For explanation of plate see page 280. 













U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 43 



1 

ri 

m 




North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 287. 
















Plate 43. 

Figs. 1-9. Idmonea califomica D'Orbigny, 1852. (p. 199.) 

1. Zoarial fragments, natural size. 

2. Celluliferous side, X 12, showing the axial zooecia isolated and closed by a diaphragm. 

3. Posterior side, X 12, illustrating the transverse striations. 

4. Another example, X 12, in which the axial zooecia are open. 

5. A portion of figure 2, X 25. 

6. An ovicelled specimen, X 6. 

7. Transverse thin section, X 12. The tubes are polygonal. 

8. Longitudinal thin section, X 12. 

9. Tangential thin section, X 100. The mural perforations are no larger than in smaller species 
of the genus. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 10-17. Stathmeporaflabellata, new species, (p. 201.) 

10. Zoarial fragments, natural size. 

11. A rather complete flabellate specimen, X 12, with incomplete fascicles. 

12. A fragment, X 12, showing bifurcated fascicles. 

13. A specimen with large ovicell, X 12. 

14. An example with broken ovicell, X 12, illustrating that the peristomes are here adjacent in 
the fascicles. 

15. An ovicelled example, X 12, with a large basal lamella. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

16. A flabellate example, X 12, with a thick zone of growth. 

17. Longitudinal section, X 25. The tubes are cylindrical with triparietal gemmation. L. B.= 
basal lamella. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 18, 19. Diaperoecia Jlabellata, new species, (p. 202.) 

18. The flabellate bilamellar zoarium, X 12, with an ovicell developed. 

19. Portion of the same, X 25. 

Plesitocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 


287 


Plate 44. 

Figs. 1-3. Liehenopora hispida Fleming, 1828. (p. 203.) 

1. Several zoaria, natural size. 

2. An example, X 12, illustrating that the fascicles do not reach the zoarial margin. 

3. An ovicelled example, X 12, with the ovicell not entirely covered by the cancelli and show¬ 
ing no oeciopore. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 4-7. Liehenopora californicx Conrad, 1855. (p. 203.) 

4. Zoaria, natural size. 

5. An ovicelled example, X 12. The oeciostome is located between two fascicles. 

(5. Another ovicelled example, X 12, showing clearly the salient oeciostome and the ovicell 
covered with cancelli. 

7. Inferior side of a discoid, free example, X 12. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

Figs. 8-9. Liehenopora vtrruearia Fabricius, 1780. (p. 205.) 

Celluliferous surfaces of two ovicelled examples, X 12, referred to this recent species. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Fig. 10. Liehenopora radiata Savigny-Andouin, 1826. (p. 204.) 

An incomplete although typical zoarium of this wide spread recent species, X 12. The cancelli 
are larger than the zooecial orifices. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 

Figs. 11-21. Psilosolen capitiferax, Canu and Bassler, 1922. (p. 207.) 

11. A longitudinal thin section, X 25. 

12. A longitudinal section showing the ovicell at the end of the branch, X 12. 

13. Longitudinal thin section through a bifurcated branch, X 25. The tubes are cylindrical and 
ramify at all heights. 

14,15. Transverse thin sections, X 25. 

16. An example, X 12, illustrating the irregular quincunx arrangement of the peristomes. 

17. An example, X 12, with the peristomes arranged in zones. 

18. A portion of the same zoarial surface, X 25, illustrating that the tubes are visible and the 
peristome thin. 

19. An ordinary transverse section, X 25. 

20. 21. Ovicelled specimens, X 12, illustrating the position of the ovicell at the flattened end of 
the branch. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

288 



U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 44 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa 


For explanation of plate see page 288. 


































U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 45 



North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 289. 






















Plate 45. 


Figs. 1 , 2. Schizoporella magniporosa , new species, (p. 95.) 

1. View of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the hexagonal zooecia with large tremopores. 

2. Ancestrular portion of a zoarium, X 20. The aperture of the ancestrula is very large. 
Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Figs. 3, 4. Callopora guernei Jullien, 1903. (p. 42.) 

3. Several marginal zooecia, X 20, of a zoarium incrusting a coral. 

4. Zooecia, X 20, in the vicinity of the ancestrula and exhibiting an avieularium. 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Fig. 5. Callopora filum Jullien, 1903. (p. 42.) 

Zooecia, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Fig. 6. Stylopoma projecta, new species, (p. 103.) 

Zooecia, X 20, of the incrusting zoarium, exhibiting the ovicell and the small oral avieularium 
characteristic of the species. 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Fig. 7. Dakaria chevereuxi Jullien, 1903. (p. 97.) 

Zooecia, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Figs. 8, 9. Hippoporina pusilla, new species, (p. 129.) 

8. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, with ovicelled and badly oriented zooecia. 

9. Zoarium, X 20, showing the ancestrula and ancestrular zooecia. 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Fig. 10. Mastigophora pesanseris Smitt, 1873. (p. 172.) 

Zooecia, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Fig. 11. Rhynchozoon levigatum, new species, (p. 157.) 

Zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20. The salient globular ovicell and the spinule in the 
peristome are shown. 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Figs. 12, 13. Porella costulata, new species, (p. 150.) 

12. Zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, in the vicinity of the ancestrula. 

13. Normal zooecia, X 20, showing the large tremopores and prominent avicularian mucro. 
Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Fig. 14. Hippoporella costulata, new species, (p. 133.) 

Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, with zooecia exhibiting areolar pores and costules. 
Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 


289 




Plate 46. 

Fig. 1 . Iloloporella turrita Smitt, 1873. (p. 179.) 

The fossil example, X 20, referred to this recent species. 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Fig. 2. Holoporella aviculi/era, new species, (p. 179.) 

A portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20. A small avicularium in the peristome is visible. 
Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Figs. 3-6. Cyclicopora multilamellosa, new species, (p. 138.) 

3. Surface of the free orbicular zoarium, X 20, illustrating the form of the zooecia and ovicell. 

4. Zooecia X 20, with a large transverse avicularium. 

5. Ordinary zooecia, X 20. 

6. Interior of zooecia, X 20. The tremocyst is visible through the very thin olocyst. 
Pleistocene Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Fig. 7. Holoporella mucronata, new species, (p. 179.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating the large areolar pores and prominent oral mucro. 
Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

Figs. 8, 9. Acanthodesia savartii forma texturata Reuss, 1847. (See also pi. 5, figs. 1-5.) (p. 32.) 
Surface of two small unilamellar examples, X 20. 

Pleistocene: Vero, Florida. 

Fig. 10. Hemiseptella tuberosa, new species, (p. 71.) 

The incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the irregular inferior border of the opesium. 

Pleistocene: Simmons Bluff, Yonges Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. 

Figs. 11, 12. Membranipora osburni, new species, (p. 24.) 

11. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, illustrating the thin, rounded mural rim, the tubercles, and 
the small, concave proximal cryptocyst. 

Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. 

12. Ancestrular region of a zoarium, X 20, referred to this species. 

Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica. 

Fig. 13. Terebripora pacifica, new species, (p. 15.) 

The type specimen, X 10, showing the small pyriform zooecia separated by one to two times their 
length. 

Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California. 

290 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 46 



For explanation of plate see page 290. 



















U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 125 PLATE 47 





7 8 

North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. 


For explanation of plate see page 29 1. 







Plate 47. 

Figs. 1, 2. Cupuladria biporosa, new species, (p. 29.) 

1. ( elluliferous surface of the orbicular zoarium, X 20, showing the wide zooecia and the large 
auriculate vibracula. 

2. Inner face of the same zoarium, X 20, with the characteristics two pores to each zooecium. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 3. Spathipora longirima, new species, (p. 16.) 

A portion of the type specimen, X 20, illustrating the delicate canalicules with the attached 
zooecia, the apertures of which bear a long rimule. 

Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, South Carolina. 

Fig. 4. Stylopoma magniporosa, new species, (p. 103.) 

Surface of the bilamellar zoarium X 20. The large tremopores, the avicularia, and the ovicell 
hiding the aperture are apparent. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 5. Laminopora miocenica, new species, (p. 160.) 

Zooecial surface, X 20, with the parietal dietellae, tremopores, elongate oval zooecia, and long 
rimule visible. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 6. Tremogasterina Iruncatorostri-s, new species, (p. 244.) 

The bilamellar zoarium, X 20, with the truncated avicularium and the large trifoliate frontal 
pore well preserved. 

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo. 

Figs. 7, 8. Rhynchozoon grandicella, new species, (p. 156.) 

7. Marginal zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the pleurocyst frontal with small 
areolar pores and the prominent avicularian chamber. 

8. Ancestrular zooecia, X 20, with the costules of the frontal better developed. 

Pleistocene: Rustic Canyon, Santa Monica, California. 


291 





























































































































- 




















INDEX. 


abrupta, Schismopora. 

acanthina, Chaperia. 

Acanthodesia. 

limosa. 

oblongula. 

rectangularia. 

savarti. 

bifoliata. 

delicatula. 

monilifera. 

reyti. 

texturata. 

typica. 

aculoata, Aimulosia. 

Schizopodrella. 

Adeona. 

heckeli. 

porosa. 

violacea . 

Adeonellopsis. 

coccinella. 

umbilicata ... 

Adeonidae. 

Aetea. 

anguina?. 

agcllus, Amphiblcstrum . 

Ramphonotus..•. 

Aimulosia. 

aouleata. 

brevis. 

radiata. 

airensis, Inversiula (Microporella). 

albirostris, Cellepora . 

Discopora . 

Holoporella. 

albispina, Chaperia (Membranipora;. 

Alderina. 

eesticella. 

Amphiblcstrum. 

agellus . 

annulus . 

constrictum. 

cristatum . 

tenuiparietis. 

amplectens, Hctcrooeciiun. 

Anarthropora. 

Anasca. 

anglica, Hcrpetopora. 

anguina?, Aetea. 

angulatum, Rhynchozoon. 

annulus, Amphiblestrum . 

Chaperia . 

Membranipora . 

arbuscula, Laminopora. 

areolata, Mystriopora (?). 

Arthropoma. 

cornuta—.... 

12184—23—Bull. 125— 


Page. 

asper, Gemelliporella. no 

asperus, Ramphonotus. 46 

Aspidostoma giganteum. 65 

Aspidostomidae.. 64 

Atelesopora. 194 

rep tans. 494 

auricularia, Selenaria. 59,60 

auriculatum, Metrarabdotos. 164 

avellana, Tretocycloeeia. 206 

aviculifera, Cystisella. 152 

Holoporella. 479 

baccata, Hippodiplosia. 131 

Membraniporina. 25 

Batopora. 166,188 

multiradiata. 189 

rosula. isg 

stoliczkai. iss 

barbarensis, Conopeum. 28 

Membranipora . 28 

beaniana, Retepora. 153 

bella, Lepralia . 447 

Porella. 447 

Smittia . 147 

Berenicea flabellum?. 494 

biaperta, Eschara . 100 

Lepralia . 400 

Schizoporclla . 99 

Stephanosella. 99 

bicornis, Holoporella. 478 

bidentata, Fedora (Cupularia). 494 

Biflustra delicatula . 33 

savarti . 32 

bifoliata, Acanthodesia savarti. 23 

Membranipora . 33 

Microporella. 421 

bigiberra, Hippodiplosia. 131 

bilabiata, Eurystomella. 141,142 

Lepralia . 142 

bilamellata, Chaperia. 51,52 

biperforata, Thalamoporella. 62 

biporosa, Cupuladria. 29 

botterii, Lepralia . 108 

Bracebridgia. 160 

deformis. 160 

brevicauda, Pyripora. 19 

brevicollis, Lagenipora (?). 171 

brevincisa, Schismopora. ISO 

brevirostris, Hippaliosina. 165,166 

brevis, Aimulosia. 140 

Smittina (?). 146 

californica, Idmonea. 199 

Lepralia . 123 

Lichenopora. 203 

Membraniporina. 25 

Microporella. 123 

Microporella ciliata . 123 

Unicavea . 203 


Page. 

180 

50 

30 

30 

34 

34 

30,31 

33 

33 

32 

31 

32 

31 

139 

104 

1.58 

158 

158 

159 

161 

161 

158 

158 

49 

49 

47 

49 

139 

139 

140 

140 

129 

174 

174 

174 

52 

39 

39 

44 

47 

52 

44 

52 

45 

18 

162 

17 

18 

49 

153 

52 

53 

52 

161 

19 

97 

97 


24 


293 

























































































































294 


INDEX 


calif or niensis, Ccllcpora . 

fMembranipora . 

Smittia . 

Smittina. 

Callopora. 

circumclathrata. 

crassospina.. 

dumerilii. 

lata . 

filum. 

gucraei. 

horrida. 

lanceolata. 

miiltipora. 

parvirostris. 

speciosa. 

tenell t. 

Calloporina. 

dccorata. 

diadema. 

renipuncta. 

scandens. 

Calpensia. 

impressa. 

Calpensiidae. 

calpcnsis , Membranipora . 

caminosa, Chaperia. 

Membranipora . 

canariensis, Cupuladria. 

Membranipora . 

capensis, Chaperia (Amphiblestrum) 

capitiferax, Psilosolen. 

carolinensis, Puellina radiata. 

catenularia, Pyripora. 

Cauloramphus. 

porosus. 

triangularis. 

Cellaria. 

diffusa. 

fissurifera. 

mandibulata. 

sinuosa. 

tenella . 

Cellariidae. 

Cellepora... 

albirostris . 

californiensis . 

ciliata . 

cribrosa. 

heckeli . 

hyalina . 

informata . 

maculata. 

malusii . 

massalis . 

ininuta. 

rarecosta. ...!. 

scripta .. 

spongites . 

subtorquata . 

tesselata . 

umbilicata . 

verruculati . 

Cclleporella hyalina . 

Celleporidae. 

Ceriopora. 

virginiana. 

. cervicornis, Chaperia. 


Page. 
... 115 

43 

... 146 

... 146 

40 
43 

41 
40 

40 

42 

42 

43 

41 

44 
41 
44 
24 

113.128 

112.128 
.. 128 
.. 128 
.. 128 

82 

.. 68,83 
.. 67,68 
83 
54 

54 

28,29,82 
28 
52 

.. 207 

90 
18 
48 
48 
48 
85 
S6 
85 
S6 
85 

55 
85 

.. 182 
174 
115 
.. 119 

183 
.. 158 

92 
102 
182 
.. 115 

177 

.. 182 
90 
89 

.. 102 
98 
122 
158 
.. 157 

92 
174 
193 
193 
.. 51,52 


cesticella, Alderina. 

Chaperia. 

acanthina. 

albispina. 

annulus . 

capensis. 

cristata. 

bilamellata. 

caminosa. 

cervicornis. 

cylindracea. 

galeata. 

palulosa. 

parvispina. 

tropica. 

Chaperiidae. 

Charles worthi, Melicerita. 

Cheilopora sincera. 

Cheiloporina. 

haddoni . 

Cheilostomata. 

chevreuxi, Pakaria. 

Cianotremella gigantea. 

ciliata californica, Microporella . 

Cellepora . 

Microporella. 

Microporella ( Fenestrulina). 
vibracul if era , M icroporella ... 

circumclathrata, Callopora. 

Membranipora ... 

clarki, Filisparsa. 

parvula, Filisparsa. 

clavula, Hippaliosina (Lepralia).. 

coarctatum, Myriozoum. 

coccinella, Adeonellopsis. 

collifera, Porella. 

colligatum, Metrarabdotos. 

complicata, I iplodidymia. 

Conopeum. 

barbarensis. 

germanum. 

lacroixii. 

ni^idulum. 

ovale.. 

constrictum , Amphiblestrum . 

contigua, Lepraliella. 

contorta, Laminopora. 

convoluta, Palmicellaria. 

coriacea, Micropora. 

cornuta, Arthropoma. 

Jleptescharellina . 

Corynostylus. 

elliptieus. 

labiatus. 

Costazzia. 

robertsoniae. 

Costulae.. 

costulata, Hippoporella. 

Palmicellaria.. 

crassilabiata, Puellina. 

crassilabris, Fedora (Stichoporina' 

crassospina, Callopora. 

Crateropora falcata. 

crenulata, Labiopora. 

Crepidacantha. 

poissoni crinispina 

Cribrilina. 

cuspidata. 


Page.' 

. 93 

. 50,51 

. 50 

. 25 

. 53 

. 52 

. 51 

. 51,52 

*. 54 

. 51 

. 52 

. 52 

. 52 

. 54 

. 52 

. 49 

...... 85 

.. 163 

. 168 

. 163,169 

. 17 

. 97 

. 85 

. 123 

. 119 

112,115,118,119 

. 119 

. 124 

. 43 

. 43 

. 195 

. 196 

. 165 

. 185 

. 161 

. 148 

. 162 

. 68,69 

. 26 

. 28 

. 21 

. 26 

. 27 

. 26 

. 44 

. 153 

. 161 

. 150 

. 58-59 

. 97 

. 100 


84 

68,84 

181 

181 

87 

133 

150 

91 

191 

41 

65 

65 

173 

174 

87 

88 















































































































































INDEX. 


295 


Page. 

Cribrilina ligulata. 88 

punctata. 87 

radiata innominata . 90 

Cribrilinidae. 87 

cribrosa, Cellepora. 183 

Lepralia. 134 

crinispina, Crepidacantha poissoni. 174 

t'risia. 196 

pacifica . 196 

serrata. 196 

Crisiidae. 196 

Crislna. 200 

striatopora. 200 

cristata, Chaperia (Amphiblestrum). 51 

Crustacea, Myriozoella. 135 186 

Ctenostomata. 15 

cuculata, Watersipora. 163 

cucullata, Spathlpora. 16 

cumulata, Schizoporella. 97 

Cupuladria. 28,75 

biporosa. 26 

canariensis. 28 

Cupularia canariensis . 29,82 

denticulata . 77 

denticulata. 79 

doma. 77 

guineensis . 29 

haidingeri. 77,78 

johnsoni . 77 

lowei . 80 

multispina ta. 76,78 

reussiaua. 77,78 

robertsoniae. 82 

umbellata. 75,76,80 

curtum, Rhynchozoon. 156 

cuspidata, Cribrilina. 88 

Cyelicopora. 138 

gigantea. 139 

mansfieldi. 138 

multilamellosa. 13S 

Cyclocolposa. 135 

perforata. 135 

spinifera. 136 

tenuiparietis. 136 | 

Cycloperiella. 137 I 

rubra. 137 j 

Cyclostomata. 193 I 

cylindricea, Chaperia (tlectraj. 52 

Cystisella. 152 

avieulifera. 152 

dactylus, Fedora (Discoflustrellaria). 191 

Dakaria. 97 

chevreuxi. 97 

grandis. 97 

parviporosa. 9S 

torquata. 98 

decorata, Calloporina. 112,128 

deformis, Bracebridgia. 160 

delicatissima, Siphonoporella. 63 

delicatula, Acanthodesia savarti. 33 

Biflustra . 33 

dentata, Membranipora . 52 

denticulata, Cupularia. 79 

Discoporella . 80 

Hemiseptella. 73 

Lunuliles . 79 

depressa, Hippaliosina (Lepralia;. 165 I 


Page. 


diadema, Calloporina (Lepralia). 12s 

Diaperoecia. 202 

llabellata. 202 

milneana. 202 

Diaperocciidae. 201 

Diastopora flabellum . 194 

Diastoporidae. 193 

diffusa, Cellaria. 86 


Diplodidymia. 8 7 69 

complicata. 68,69 

Diporula. 125.126 

hastigera. 125 

verrucosa. 112,125 

Discoflustrellaria doma . 77 

discoidea, Smittina. 145 

Discopora albirostris . 174 

hispida.... . 203 

Discoporella denticulata . go 

dispar, Idmonea. 193 

disparilis, Keptescharetlina . 58 

divaricata, Microporella.‘. ng 

doma, Cupularia. 77 

Discoflustrellaria . 77 

doverensis, Retepora. 152 

Schizopodrella. 107 

dumerilii, Callopora. 40 

F lustra . 40 

Membranipora . 40 

dutertrei, Mastigophora . 172 

echinata, Holoporella (?). 177 

edax, Leiosella... 142 

edwardsi, Fedora. 191 

Electra. 17 

monostachys. 17 

pilosa. is 

Electrinidae. 17 

elegans, Palmicellaria. 149 

Steganoporella . 63 

Ellipsopora. 127 

flabellaris. 112,127 

ellipticus, Corynostylus. 84 

elongata, Microporina. 68 

Rectonychocella. 58 

Terebripora. 15 

ensijera, Smittia . 145 

Entalophora. 195 

fasciculifera. 195 

punctulata . 170 

Erina. 87 

patagonica. 85 

Eschara biaperta . 100 

impressa . 83 

nobilis . 83 

spongites . 102 

vulgaris . 108 

Escharella landsborovi . 147 

rostrigera . 167 

verruculata . 157 

Escharellidae. 95 

Escharina pesanseris . 172 

torquata . 98 

tumidula . 98 

vulgaris . 108 

Escharoides verruculata . 157 

Euginoma. 87 

vermiformis. 85 

eurita, Euritina. 65 













































































































































296 


INDEX, 


Euritina eurita... 

Eurystomella. 

bilabiata... 

. foraminigera. 

Eurystoinellidae. 

eustomata, Microporella. 

Reptoporina . 

excelsa, Fedora (Kionidclla). 

excentrica, Orbitulipora. 

exigua, Fcnestrulina (Microporella).. 

exilis, Manzonella. 

expansa, Idmonea (?). 

faleata, Crateropora. 

Farcimia oculata . 

tenella . 

fasciculifera, Entalophora. 

Tubulipora. 

Fedora. 

bidentata. 

crassilabris. 

dactylus. 

edwardsi. 

excelsa. 

miautissima. 

obliqueseriata. 

persimplex. 

protecta. 

simplex. 

smithi. 

feegeensis, Hippopo^ina. 

Fenestrulina. 

exigua. 

malusi. 

parvipora. 

porosa. 

proxima. 

filimargo, Hcmiseptella. 

Filisparsa. 

clarki. 

parvula. 

filum, Callopora. 

Membranipora . 

fissa, Schizotheca. 

fissurifera, Cellaria. 

Microporella. 

fistula, Hemiseptella. 

Membranipora . 

flabellaris, Ellipsopora (Microporella) 

flabellata, Diaperoecia... 

Membranipora. 

Stathmepora. 

flabelligera, Microporella. 

flabellum? Berenicea. 

Diastopora . 

Floridina. 

fusifera. 

minima.. 

parvicella. 

pyripora. 

regularis. 

floridina, Schizopodrclla. 

Flustra Dumerilii . 

savarti . 

tehuelca . 

tuberculati . 

Flustramorpha. 

marginata. 


Page. 

. 65 

. 142 

... 141,142 

.. 141 

. 141 

. 124 

. 124 

. 191 

... 187,189 

. 113 

. 61 

. 200 

. 65 

. 65 

. 55 

. 195 

. 197 

... 186,190 

. 191 

. 191 

. 191 

. 191 

. 191 

. 191 

. 191 

. 191 

. 191 

. 191 

. 191 

. 163 

. 113 

. 113 

112,115,116 
... 113,116 

. 117 

... 113,116 

. 71 

. 195 

. 195 

. 196 

. 42 

. 42 

. 153 

. 85 

. 121 

. 73 

. 73 

... 112,127 

. 202 

. 20 

. 201 

. 118 

. 194 

. 194 

. 56 

. 56 

. 57 

. 57 

. 56 

. 57 

. 106 

. 40 

. 31 

. 22 

. 22 

... 127,128 
... 112,127 


Flustrellaria tezturata . 

Foraminella. 

lepida. 

foraminigera, Eurystomella. 

fossulifera, Membranipora. 

fusifera, Floridina. 

galeata, Chaperia. 

Membranipora . 

Gemelliporella. 

asper. 

punctata. 

vorax. 

Gephyrophora. 

german a, Membranipora . 

Conopeum. 

gibbera, Microporella. 

gibbosa, Hippoporina. 

gigautea, Cianotremella. 

Cyclicopora (?). 

giganteum, Aspidostoma. 

glomerata, Theonoa. 

grande, Membrendoecium. 

grandicella, Hemiseptella. 

Rhynehozoon. 

Smittina. 

grandis, Dakaria. 

granulata, Thalamoporella. 

granulosa, Hemiseptella.:. 

Mastigophora. 

Rhampliostomelia. 

guernei, Callopora. 

Membranipora . 

guineensis, Cupularia . 

haddoni, Cheiloporina. 

haidingeri, Cupularia. 

Lunulites . 

hastigera, Diporula. 

Microporella (Diporula) 

heekeli, Adeona. 

Cellepora . 

Microporella . 

Hemiseptella..:. 

denticulata. 

filimargo. 

fistula. 

grandicella. 

granulosa. 

labiata. 

laeinia. 

lata. 

michaelsem. 

minor. 

planulata. 

roctangulata. 

steganoporoides. 

tenuis. 

tuberosa. 

hemispherica, Holoporella. 

hermanni, Microporella. 

Puellina. 

Reptescharelli . 

Reptescharellina . 

Herpetopora anglica. 

Heterooecium amplectens. 

Heteropora tortilis. 

Heteroporidae. 

hexagona, Microporella. 

hexagonum, Rhagasostoma. 


Page. 

32 

66 

65 

... 141 

20 
56 
52 
52 

... 110 
... 110 
... Ill 
... Ill 
... 185 

27 
27 

... 126 
... 130 

85 

... 139 

65 

... 201 
36 
71 
156 

... 145 

97 
61 
74 

... 172 

... 151 

42 
42 
29 

. 163,169 
... 77,78 
77 

... 125 

... 118 
... 158 

... 158 

... 158 

69 

... 70,73 
71 

73 
71 

74 

68,69,72 

70 
70 

73 
70 

74 
74 
73 

70 

71 

.. 176 

... 125 

89 
89 

.. 125 

18 
18 

.. 206 
193 

.. 120 
65 












































































































































INDEX. 


297 


hians, Odontionella (Mcmbranipora). 

Hincksina. 

multispinata. 

quadrispinosa. 

Hippali osina. 

brevirostris. 

clavula. 

depressa. 

laxipora. 

rostrigera. 

sandbergeri. 

Hippellozoon novaezelandiae. 

Hippodiplosia. 

baccata. 

bigiberra. 

Hippomenella. 

infratelum. 

Hippopodina feegeensis. 

Hippopodinidae. 

Hippoporella. 

costulata. 

papullfera. 

spinosa. 

Hippopoiina. 

glbbosa. 

lata. 

pusilla. 

vestita. 

Hippothoa. 

hyalina. 

rugosa. 

isabclleana . 

mucronata . 

pesanseris . 

spongites . 

Hippothoidae. 

hispida, Discopora . 

Lichenopora.... 

Holoporella. 

albirostris. 

aviculifera. 

biconns. 

echinata. 

hemispherica. 

massalis. 

mucronata.. 

orbifera. 

parvula. 

rostrifera. 

subturrita. 

turrita. 

umbonata. 

holostoma, Woodipora. 

horrida, Callopora. 

Mernbranipora. . 

Tremogasterina. 

hyadesi, Microporella. 

hyalina, Ccllepora . 

Celleporella . 

Hippothoa. 

Lepralia . 

rugosa, Hippothoa. 

Schizoporella . 

Idmonea. 

californica. 

dispar. 

expansa. 

milneana . 


Page. 

. 66 

. 38 

. 38 

. 38 

... 165,166 
.... 165,166 

. 165 

. 165 

. 165 

163,166,167 
... 165,166 

. 153 

. 131 

. 131 

. 131 

. 132 

. 132 

. 163 

.... 162,163 

. 132 

. 133 

. 133 

. 132 

. 129 

. 130 

. 131 

. 129 

. 130 

. 92 

. 92 

. 94 

. 103 

. 99 

. 172 

. 102 

. 92 

. 203 

. 203 

. 174 

. 174 

. 179 

. 178 

. 177 

. 176 

. 177 

. 179 

. 177 

. 175 

. 175 

. 176 

. 179 

. 178 

. 61 

. 43 

. 43 

.... 153,168 

. 118 

. 92 

. 92 

. 92 

. 92 

. 94 

. 92 

. 198 

. 199 

. 198 

. 200 

. 2C2 


Idmonea planula. 

imperati, Schizellozoon. 

impressa, Calpensia. 

Eschara . 

Micropora . 

inermis, Palmicellaria. 

inflata, Microporella . 

informata, Cellepora . 

Reptocelleporaria.. 
iniratelum, Hippomenella.... 
innominata, Cribrilina radiata 

Lepralia . 

Puellina. 

inversa, Inversiula. 

inversa (Microporella). 

Inversiula. 

airensis. 

inversa. 

nutrix. 

quadricomis. 

inabellcana, Hippothoa . 

Stylopoma. 

johnsoni, Cupularia. 

labiata, Hemiseptella. 

Phidolopora. 

labiatus, Corynostylus. 

Labiopora. 

crenulata. 

miocenica. 

Lacema.-•. 

mucronata... . 

lacinia, Hemiseptella. 

lacroixii, Conopeum. 

Mernbranipora. 

lacrymosum, Metrarabdotos. 

Lagenipora. 

brevicollis. 

spinulosa. 

Laminopora. 

arbuscula. 

contorta. 

miocenica. 

lanceolate, Callopora. 

Schismopora. 

landsborovi, Escharella . 

lata, Callopora dumerilii. 

Hemiseptella. 

Hippoporina. 

laticella, Rhamphostomella.. 
latisinuata, Schizoporella 

laxipora, Hippaliosina. 

Leiosella. 

edax. 

lenticularis, Orbitulipora 

lepida, Foraminella. 

Lepralia. 

bella ... - 

biaperla . 

bilabiata . 

botterii . 

californica . 

cribrosa. 

hyalina . 

innominata . 

maculata . 

marylandica . 

montifera. 

punctata . 


Page. 

. 199 

. 153 

.68,83 

. 83 

. 83 

. 149 

. 119 

. 102 

. 102 

. 132 

. 90 

. 90 

. 90 

. 112 

. 129 

... 113,129 

. 129 

.... 112,129 

. 129 

. 129 

. 103 

. 103 

. 77 

08,70,72,89 
... 153,154 

.68,84 

. 67 

. 65 

. 67 

. 99 

. »9 

. 70 

. 26 

. 22 

. 164 

. 171 

. 171 

. 171 

.... 160,161 

. 161 

. 161 

. 160 

. 41 

. 181 

. • 147 

. 40 

. 70 

. 131 

. 151 

. 96 

. 165 

. 142 

. 142 

.... 187,189 

. 05 

. 133 

. 147 

. 100 

. 142 

. 108 

. 123 

. 134 

. 92 

. 90 

. 182 

. 87 

. 134 

. 87 












































































































































298 


INDEX. 


Lepralia reversa. 

trispinosa . 

turrita . 

unicornis . 

violacea . 

vulgaris . 

Lepraliella contigua. 

levigatum, Rhynchozoon (?). 

Lichenopora. 

californica. 

hispida. 

radiata. 

verrucaria. 

Liehenoporidae. 

ligulata, Cribrilina. 

pmosa, Acanthodesia (Membranipora) 

longicauda, Spathipora. 

longirima, Spathipora. 

longirostrata, Schizomavella. 

lorea, Palmicellaria (Eschara). 

lowei, Cupular ia . 

Lunulites denticulata . 

haidingeri . 

umbellata . 

maculata, Cellepora. 

Lepralia . 

Selenaria. 

magnilabris, Membranipora . 

Steganoporella. 

magniporosa, Schizoporella. 

Stylopoma. 

major, Mucronella spiaosissima. 

Phylactella spinosissima. 

Malacostega. 

maleposita, Smittina. 

malusi Cellepora . 

Fenestrulina. 

Microporella . 

Mamillopora. 

tuberosa. 

mandibulata, Cellaria. 

mansfieldi, Cyclicopora?. 

Manzonella. 

exilis. 

marginata, Flustramorpha. 

Microporella. 

Schizopodrella. 

marsupium porifera, Porella . 

marylandicaj Lepralia . 

massalis, Cellepora . 

Holoporella. 

Mastigophora. 

dutertrei . 

granulosa. 

pesanseris. 

Mecynoeciidae. 

Melicerita. 

charlesworthi. 

Melobesia radiata ... 

membranacea, Membranipora. 

Membranipora. 

annulus . 

barbarensis . 

bifoliata . 

californiensis . 

caminosa . 

canariensis .. 


Membranipora circumclathrata .. 

calpensis . 

dentata . 

dumerilii . 

filum .. 

fistula.. 

flabellata. 

fossulifera. 

galcata . 

germana . 

gucrnei . 

horrida . 

lacinia . 

lacroixii. 

magnilabris . 

membranacea. 

monostachys . 

nitidula . 

oblongula . 

osburni. 

parvula . 

reyti . 

savarti . 

spcciosa .. 

spiculata. 

tehuelca .. 

tuberculata. 

luberimargo. 

vaughani. 

Membraniporidra. 

parca.’. 

Membraniporina. 

baccata. 

californica. 

tenella. 

vincularina. 

Mcmbrendoecium. 

grande. 

par vicapit alum 

meslcri, Proboscina. 

Metracolposa. 

mucronata... 

Metrarabdotos.. 


Page. 

. 148 

. 143 

. 179 

. 105 

. 158 

. 108 

... 153 

.. 157 

. 203 

. 203 

. 203 

. 204 

. 205 

. 203 

. 88 

. 30 

. 16 

. 16 

. 109 

. 149 

. 80 

. 79 

. 77 

. 80 

. 182 

. 182 

. 59 

. 63 

. 63 

.. 95 

. 103 

. 170 

. 170 

. 11 

. 144 

. 115 

112,115,116 

. 115 

. 191 

. 192 

. 86 

. 138 

. 60 

. 61 

... 112,127 

. 118 

. 107 

. 147 

. 87 

177 

. 177 

_ 172 

. 172 

_ 172 

_ 172 

_ 195 

87 

85 

.... 204 

18 
20 
52 
28 
33 
43 

.... 54 

28 


auriculatuin 
colligatum.. 
lacrymosum 
moniliferum 


michaelscni,, Hemiseptella 

Micropora. 

coriacea. 

impressa . 

Microporella. 

biloliata. 

californica... 

ciliata. 

coronata. 

divaricata. 

eustomata... 

fissurifera. 

flabellaris. 

flabelligera.... 

gibbera. 

hastigera. 

heckeli . 

heermanni.... 
hexagona. 


Page. 

. 43 

. 83 

. 52 

. 40 

. 42 

. 73 

. 20 

. 20 

. 52 

.. 21 

. 42 

. 43 

. 70 

. 22 

. 63 

. 18 

. 17 

.. 27 

. 34 

. 24 

. 37 

. 31 

. 31 

. 44 

. 21 

.. 22 

. 22 

. 23 

. 23 

. 39 

. 39 

. 24 

. 25 

. 25 

. 24 

. 26 

. 36 

. 36 

. 36 

. 193 

. 92 

. 92 

. 162 

. 164 

. 162 

. 164 

. 163 

. 70,73 

. 58 

. 58-59 

. 83 

. 113,117 

. 121 

. 123 

112,115,118,119 

. 118 

. 118 

. 124 

. 121 

<. 118 

. 118 

. 126 

. 118 

. 15S 

. 125 

. 129 















































































































































INDEX. 


299 


Microporella hyadesi. 

inflata. 

malusi . 

marginata... 

personata. 

praeciliata . 

rudis. 

rugosa. 

tessellata. 

umbonata. 

verrucosa. 

vibraculifera. 

violacea . 

Microporellac. 

Microporina.. 

elongata. 

ruilneana, Piaperoecia. 

Idmonca . 

minima, Floridina. 

minor, Hemiseptella (Membranipora) 

minuta, Celiepora. 

Stylopoma. 

minutissima, Fedora (I.epralia). 

miocenica, Labiopora. 

Laminopora. 

mockleri, Mystriopora. 

monilifera, Acanthodesia savarti. 

monilifenim, Metrarabdotos. 

Triphyllozoon. 

monostachys, Electra. 

Membranipora . 

montifera, Lepralia. 

mucronata, Hippothoa . 

Holoporella. 

Lacema. 

Metracolposa. 

Mucronella spinosissima var major... 

Multicrescis tortilis . 

multilamellosa, Cyclicopora. 

multipora, Caliopora(?). 

Siphonclla ( Flustrcllaria). 

Multiporina umbilicata . 

multiradiata, Batopora. 

multispinata, Cupularia. 

Hincksina. 

Ramphonotus. 

mutabilis, Ogivalina. 

Schizopodrclla. 

Myriozoella. 

Crustacea. 

Myriozoidae. 

Mvriozoum. 

coarctatum. 

subgracile. 

truncatum. 

Mystriopora. 

(?jareolata. 

mockleri. 

Nellia. 

oculata. 

tenella . 

nitidula, Membranipora . 

Conopeum?. 

nobilis, Eschara . 

novaezelandiae, Hippellozoon. 

nutrix, Inversiula. 

obliqueseriata, Fedora (Kionidella).. 


Page. 

. 118 
119 
115 
118 

. 118 
119 

. 118 
. US 
122 
123 

. 118 
. 124 

. 158 

112,113 
83 
68 
202 

. 202 
57 
70 

.. 182 
101 
.. 191 

67 

.. 160 
18 
32 

.. 163 

.. 153 

17 

17 
134 

99 

179 

99 

92 

.. 170 

.. 206 
.. 138 

44 
44 

.. 138 

.. 189 

.. 76,78 
38 
47 
37 

.. 105 

185,186 

185.186 
.. 185 

184.186 
.. 185 

.. 185 

.. 184 

19 

19 

18 
55 
55 
55 
27 
27 
83 

.. 153 

.. 129 

.. 191 


oblonga, Vcrminaria. 

oblongida, Acanthodesia. 

Membranipora . 

occidentalis, Tnbulipora . 

oculata, Farcimia . 

Nellia. 

occultata, Odontionella. 

Odontionella. 

hians.i. 

occulata. 

Ogivalina. 

mutabilis. 

parvula. 

Oneousoeciidae. 

Opesiulidae. 

ophidiana, Smittia . 

Smittina. 

opulenta, Temachia. 

orbifera, Holoporella. 

Orbitulipora. 

oxcentrica. 

lenticularis. 

petiolus. 

Orbituliporidae. 

osburni, Membranipora. 

otophorum, Pachykraspcdon . 

ovale, Conopeum. 

Pachykraspedon otophorum . 

pacifica, Crisia. 

Phidolopora. 

Retepora. 

Terebripora. 

Palmieellaria. 

convoluta. 

costulata. 

elegans. 

(Eschara) lorea. 

inermis. 

punctata. 

skenei. 

tenuis. 

palulosa, Chaperia. 

papulifera, Hippoporella. 

Trypematella. 

parca, Membraniporidra. 

parvicapitatum, Membrendoecium 

parvicella, Floridina. 

Steganoporella—. 

Terebripora. 

parvipora, Fenestrulina. 

(Microporella). 

parviporosa, Dakaria. 

parvirostris, Callopora. 

parvispina, Chaperia. 

parvula, Holoporella. 

Membranipora . 

Ogivalina. 

patagonica, Erina. 

perforata, Cyclocolposa. 

Peris tomellae. 

persimplex, Fedora (Stichoporina). 

personata, Microporella. 

pesanseris, Escharina . 

Hippothoa . 

Mastigophora. 

Schizoporella . 

petiolus, Orbitulipora. 


Page. 

. 68 

. 34 

. 34 

. 198 

. 55 

. 55 

.65,66 

. 64,66 

. 66 

.65,66 

. 37 

. 37 

. 37 

. 195 

. 56 

. 145 

. 144 

. 173 

. 177 

186,187,189 
... 187,189 
... 187,189 
... 187,189 

. 186 

. 24 

. 108 

. 26 

. 10S 

. 196 

. 154 

. 154 

. 15 

. 149 

. 150 

. 150 

. 149 

. 149 

. 149 

. 150 

. 149 

. 149 

. 52 

. 133 

. 135 

. 39 

. 36 

. 57 

. 62 

. 15 

. 116 

. 113 

. 98 

. 41 

. 54 

. 175 

. 37 

. 37 

. 85 

. 135 

. 134 

. 191 

. 118 

. 172 

. 172 

. 172 

. 172 

.... 187,189 










































































































































INDEX. 


300 


Phidolopora. 

labiata. 

pacifica. 

Phylactella. 

spinosissima major. 

Phylactellidae. 

pilosa, Electra. 

planula, Idmonca. 

planulata, Hemiseptella. 

poissonl, crinispina, Crepidacantha... 

Porella. 

bella. 

collifera. 

marsupium pori/era . 

reversa. 

porifera, Porella marsupium . 

Smittina. 

porosa, Adeona. 

Fenestrulina. 

porosus, Cauloramphus. 

praeciliata, Microporella . 

Proboseiua. 

mesleri. 

protecta, Fedora (Stichoporina). 

proxima, FenestruUna. 

Psilosolcn. 

capitiferax. 

Puellina. 

crassilabiata. 

herrmamii. 

innominata. 

radiata carolinensis. 

rarecosta. 

scripta. 

punctata, Cribrilina. 

Gemelliporella. 

Lepralia . 

Palmicellaria. 

punctulata, Entalophora . 

minor, Tubucellaria. 

Tubucellaria. 

pusilla, Hippoporina. 

Schizopodrella. 

Vibracellina. 

Pyripora. 

brevicauda. 

catenularia. 

pyripora, Floridina. 

quadrieornis, Inversiula (Microporella). 

quadrispinosa, Hincksina. 

radiata, Aimulosia. 

Lichehopora. 

Melobesia . 

rarecosta Puellina. 

scripta, Puellina. 

Ramphonotus. 

agellus. 

asperus. 

multispinatus. 

rarecosta, Cellepora . 

rectangularia, Acanthodesia. 

rectangulata, Hemiseptella. 

Rectonyehocella. 

elongata. 

regularis, Floridina. 

renipuncta, Calloporina (Microporella). 

Reptadeonella violacea . 

reptans, Atelesopora. 


Page. 

.. 154 

154,153 
.. 154 

.. 170 

170 
.. 170 

18 
199 
74 

.. 174 

.. 147 

.. 147 

.. 148 

147 
.. 148 

147 
147 
.. 158 

117 
48 
119 
193 
193 
191 
113,116 
. 207 

. 207 

89 
91 

89 

90 
90 
90 
89 
87 

. Ill 
87 
150 
170 
170 
170 
129 
106 
35 
19 
19 
18 

56 
129 
38 

140 

204 

204 

90 

89 

46 

47 

46 

47 

90 
34 
74 
58 
58 

57 
128 
159 
194 


Replescharella carolinensis . 

herrmanni . 

Reptescharellina cornuta . 

disparilis . 

heermanni . 

Reptocelleporaria informata . 

Reptoporina eustomata . 

Retepora. 

beaniana... 

doverensis. 

pacifica . 

Reteporidae... 

reticulata, Smittina . 

reussiana, Cupularia. 

reussi, Stichoporina. 

reversa, Lepraliaifi.) . 

Porella. 

reyti, Acanthodesia savarti. 

Membranipora .. 

Rhagasostoma hexagonum..’ 

Rhamphostomella. 

granulosa. 

laticella. 

Rhynchozoon. 

angulatum. 

curtum. 

grandicella. 

levigatum. 

vaughani. 

verruculatum. 

robertsoniae, Costazzia. 

Cupularia... 

rostrifera, Holoporella. 

rostrigera, Escharella . 

Hippaliosina. 

rosula, Batopora. 

rozieri, Thalamonorella. 

rubra, Cycloperiella. 

rudis, Microporella. 

rugosa, Hippothoa hyalina. 

Microporella. 

sandbergeri, Hippaliosina. 

(Hemeschara) 

savarti, Acanthodesia... 

Biflustra . 

bifoliata, Acanthodesia. 

delieatula, Acanthodesia. 

Flustra . 

Membranipora . 

monilifera, Acanthodesia. 

reyti, Acanthodesia. 

texturata, Acanthodesia. 

typica, Acanthodesia. 

scandens, Calloporina (Microporella). 

Schismopora. 

abrupta. 

brevincisa. 

lanceolata. 

Schizellozoon imperati. 

Schizolavella... 

vulgaris. 

Schizomavella..;. 

longirostrata. 

Schizopodrella. 

aculeata. 

doverensis. 

floridina. 

marginata. 


Page. 

90 

89 

.... 100 
58 

.... 125 

.... 102 
.... 124 

.... 152 

.... 153 

.... 152 

.... 154 

.... 152 

... 144 

... 77,78 
... 190 

... 148 

... 148 

31 
31 
65 

... 151 

... 151 

... 151 

155 
... 153 

... 156 

1.56 

... 157 

... 155 

... 157 

... 181 
82 

... 175 

... 167 

166,167 
.. 188 
61 

.. 137 

.. 118 
94 

.. 118 
.. 166 
.. 165 

.. 30,31 

32 

33 
33 
31 

31 

32 

... 31 

32 
31 

. 128 
. 180 
. 180 
. 180 
. 181 
. 153 

. 108 
108,109 
. 109 

. 109 

. 104 

. 104 

107 

. 106 
. 107 
















































































































































INDEX. 


301 


Page. 

Schizopodrclla mutabilis. 105 

pusilla. 106 

unicornis. 105 

Schizoporella biaperta . 99 

cumulata. 96 

fl oridina . 106 

hyalina . 92 

latisinuata. 96 

magniporosa. 95 

pesanseris . 172 

spongites . 102 

subquadrata . 105 

Scliizoporellae. 95 

Schizorthosecos. 186,190 

Schizotheca flssa. 153 

scripta, Cellepora. 89 

Puellina radiata. 89 

Selenaria. 59 

auricularia. 59,60 

Semitubigera tuba . 198 

errata, Crisia. 196 

simplex, Fedora (Stichoporina). 191 

Vibraecllina. 35 

sinccra Cheilopora. 163 

sinefilum, Terebripora. 15 

sinuosa Cellaria. ,35 

Siphonella ( Flustrellaria ) multipnra . 44 

Siphonoporella. 63 

delieatissima. 63 

skeuei, Palmicellaria (Millepora). 149 

smithi, Fedora (Mamillopora). 191 

Smittia bclla . 147 

californiensis . 146 

ensifera . 145 

ophidlana . 145 

trispinosa . 143 

Smittina. 143 

brevis. 146 

californiensis. 146 

discoidea. 145 

grandieella. 145 

malcposita. 144 

ophidiana. 144 

porifera. 147 

reticulata . 144 

trispinosa. 143 

Smittinidae. 143 

Spathipora. 16 

eucullata. 16 

longicauda. 16 

longirima. 16 

speciosa, Callopora(?) . 4 

speciosa, Membranipora . 44 

Sphacrophora. 186,190 

spiculata, Membranipora. 21 

spinifera, Cyelocolposa (?). 136 

spinosa, Hippoporella. 132 

spinosissima major, Mucronella. 170 

Phylactella. 170 

spinulosa, Lagenipora. 171 

spongites, Cellepora . 102 

Eschara . 102 

Hippothoa . 102 

Schizoporella . 102 

Stylopoma. 102 

Stathmepora. 201 

flabellata. 201 

12184—2.3—Bull. 125-25 


Steganoporolla... 

elegans . 

magnilabris. 

parvicella. 

Stcganoporellidae. 

steganoporoides, Hemiseplella. 

Stephanosella. 

biaperta. 

Stichoporina. 

reussi. 

tuberosa . 

StomaehetoseUidae. 

striatopora, Crisina?. 

Stylopoma. 

isabelleana. 

magniporosa. 

minuta. 

spongites. 

subgracile, Myriozoum. 

subquadrata, Schizoporella . 

subtorquata, Cellepora . 

subturrita, Holoporella. 

Tegminula. 

tehuelca, Flustra . 

Membranipora . 

Tcmachia. 

opulenta. 

tenella, Callopora . 

Cellaria . 

Farcimia .. 

Membraniporina... 

Nellia . 

tenuiparietis, Amphiblestrum. 

Cyelocolposa. 

tenuis, Hemiseptella (Membranipora) 

Palmicellaria. 

Terebripora. 

elongata. 

pacifica. 

parvicella. 

sinefilum. 

Tercbriporidae. 

tesselata, Cellepora .... 

Microporella. 

texturata, Acanthodesia savarti_ 

Flustrellaria . 

Thalamoporella. 

biperforata. 

granulata. 

rozieri..-... 

Thalamoporellidae. 

Theonoa. 

glomerata. 

Theonoidae. 

torquata, Dakaria. 

Escharina . 

tortilis, Heteropora . 

Multicrescis. 

Tretocycloecia. 

Tremogasterina. 

horrida. 

Tretocycloecia.... 

avellana. 

tortilis. 

Tretocyeloeeiidae. 

triangularis, Cauloramphus. 

Triphyllozoon moniliferum. 


Page. 

62 

63 

63 

62 

62 

.. 70,73 
99 
99 

186,189 
.. 190 

.. 192 

.. 142 

.. 200 
.. 101 
.. 103 

.. 103 

.. 104 

.. 102 
185 
.. 105 

98 

.. 176 

.. 181 
22 
22 

.. 173 

.. 173 

24 
55 
55 
24 
55 
45 

.. 138 

70 

.. 149 

15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 

.. 122 
,. 122 
32 
32 
61 
62 
61 
61 
60 
201 

. 201 
201 
98 
98 

. 206 
. 206 
. 206 
. 167 

153,168 
. 206 
. 206 
. 206 
. 203 

4S 

. 153 










































































































































302 


INDEX. 


trispinosa, Lepralia . 

Smittia . 

Smittina. 

tropica, Chaperia. 

t riincatirm, Myriozoum. 

Trypcmatella. 

papulifera. 

Trypostega. 

venusta. 

tuba, Semitubigera .... 

Tubalipora. 

tuberculata, Flustra . 

Membranipora. 

tuberimargo, Membranipora (?)_ 

tuberosa, Hemiseptella.. 

Mamillopora. 

Stichoporina . 

Tubucellaria.. 

punctulata. 

var. minor. 

Tubucellariidae. 

Tubulipora.. 

fasciculifcra.. 

occidentalis . 

tuba. 

Tubuliporidae. 

lumidula, Escharina . 

turrita, Holoporella. 

Lepralia . 

typica, Acanthodesia savarti. 

umbellata, Cupularia. 

Lunulites . 

umbilicata, Adeonellopsis. 

Cellepora . 

Multi porina . 

umbonata, Holoporella. 


Page. 

143 

143 

143 

52 

184 

134 

135 
95 
95 

198 

198 

22 

22 

23 

71 

192 

192 

170 

170 

170 

170 

170 


.. 198 

. 198 

.. 197 

.. 98 

...... 179 

.. 179 

. 31 

68,75,76,80 

. 80 

. 158 

. 158 

. 158 

. 178 


Page. 

umbonata, Microporella. 123 

Unicavea californica . . . 203 

unicornis, Lepralia . 105 

Schizopodrella... 105 

vaughani, Membranipora.'. 23 

Rhynchozoon. 155 

venusta, Trypostega. 95 

vermiformis, Euginoma. 85 

Verminaria. 83 

oblonga. 68 

verrucaria, Lichenopora. 205 

verrucosa, Diporula. 112,125 

Microporella (Diporula). 118 

verruculata, Cellepora . 157 

Eschar e!la . 157 

Escharoides . 157 

verruculatum, Rhynchozoon. 157 

vestita, Hippoporina (?). 130 

Vibracellina... 35 

pusilla. 35 

simplex. 35 

vibraculifera, Microporella. 124 

Microporella ciliata . 124 

vincularina, Membraniporina. 26 

violacea, Adeona . 159 

Lepralia . 153 

Microporella . 153 

Reptadeonella . 159 

virginiana, Ceriopora. 193 

vorax, Gemelliporclla. m 

vulgaris , Escharina . 108 

Lepralia . 108 

Schizolavella... 108,109 

W atersipora cuculata. 163 

Woodipora. 61 

holostoma. 61 


ADDITIONAL COPIES 

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM 
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFF aE 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 

AT 

75 CENTS PER COPY 


PURCHASER AGREES NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS 
COPY FOR PROFIT.—PUB. RES. 57 , APPROVED MAY 11 , 1922 

V 


l 


JAN 16 1924 






































































































































































































































































































































- 




















































































































